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31.
Teresa Sagalés Victor Gimeno M. Dolores de la Calzada Francesc Casellas M. Dolors Macià M. Villar Soriano 《Brain topography》1990,2(3):221-228
Summary Topographical analysis of cerebral electrical activity was performed in 44 patients with hepatic encephalopathy. These patients were classified in 5 groups according to clinical criteria. Eight healthy subjects were used as a control group. All were studied in an awake, eyes closed, condition and some [Control Group (CG), Group 0 (G0), Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G2)] also in an awake, eyes open, condition. The awake, eyes closed, maps showed marked differences in the power spectral density (PSD) of the different bands, when comparing normal subjects with patients with several degrees of hepatic encephalopathy. These differences were related to the degree of clinical involvement, mainly in the alpha and delta PSD bands. The combination of a decreased alpha PSD, increased delta PSD, and decreased mean dominant frequency (MDF) allowed a clear discrimination between the different clinical groups. The differences observed between awake, eyes closed, and awake, eyes open, conditions were especially helpful to discriminate between CG subjects and G0, G1 and G2 patients. 相似文献
32.
We evaluated the effects of rowing on the morphology and function of the leg extensor muscle in old people. The area and
the power of the leg extensor muscle were measured in 15 oarsmen – age [mean (SD)] 65 (3) years; height 171 (4) cm, body mass
68 (6) kg – and in 15 sedentary men – age 66 (4) years, height 170 (4) cm, body mass 67 (7) kg – who were matched on the basis
of their body size. The leg extensor muscle area of the oarsmen was larger than that of the sedentary men [77.8 (5.4) vs 68.4
(5.1) cm2, P<0.05]. Also the bilateral leg extension power of the oarsmen was larger than that of the sedentary men [1,624 (217) vs 1,296
(232) W, P<0.05]. Thus, the leg extension power per the leg extensor muscle area was not significantly different between two groups
[20.9 (2.0) vs 19.9 (2.1) W·cm–2) and leg extension power was correlated to the leg extensor muscle area (59–89 cm2, r=0.74, P<0.001). Also the 2,000-m rowing ergometer time of the oarsmen [495 (14) s; range 479–520 s] was related to leg extensor muscle
area (68–89 cm2, r=0.63, P<0.01). The results suggest that rowing prevents age-related muscle wasting and weakness.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
33.
The peptide melittin, the main constituent of bee venom is a potent stimulus for the generation of an eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, rat mast cells and rat peritoneal cells depleted in mast cells. Optimal EFC induction required a sublytic activation of the cells. With each cell type the kinetics of ECF generation were similar in that after an early rise in activity a steep fall off occurred at later times of incubation suggesting a mechanism of inactivation. The induction of ECF by melittin is increased in the presence of calcium. The polar portion of the melittin molecule (aminoacids 20–26) is responsible for the generation of the chemotactic activity. Other peptides of honey bee venom such as the mast cell degranulating peptide (MCD) or apamine do not initiate ECF release. It appears that melittin leads to ECF induction via the phospholipase A2-arachidonic acid dependent pathway of cell activation. Our data suggests that the lipid mediator ECF can be obtained from phagocytes and mast cells thus indicating the interdependence of inflammatory reactions. 相似文献
34.
Carlo Capelli Guglielmo Antonutto Paola Zamparo Massimo Girardis Pietro Enrico di Prampero 《European journal of applied physiology》1993,66(3):189-195
Summary The mechanical power (Wtot, W·kg–1) developed during ten revolutions of all-out periods of cycle ergometer exercise (4–9 s) was measured every 5–6 min in six subjects from rest or from a baseline of constant aerobic exercise [50%–80% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)] of 20–40 min duration. The oxygen uptake [VO2 (W·kg–1, 1 ml O2 = 20.9 J)] and venous blood lactate concentration ([la]b, mM) were also measured every 15 s and 2 min, respectively. During the first all-out period, Wtot decreased linearly with the intensity of the priming exercise (Wtot = 11.9–0.25·VO2). After the first all-out period (i greater than 5–6 min), and if the exercise intensity was less than 60% VO2max, Wtot, VO2 and [la]b remained constant until the end of the exercise. For exercise intensities greater than 60% VO2max, VO2 and [la]b showed continuous upward drifts and Wtot continued decreasing. Under these conditions, the rate of decrease of Wtot was linearly related to the rate of increase of V [(d Wtot/dt) (W·kg–1·s–1) = 5.0·10–5 –0.20·(d VO2/dt) (W·kg–1·s–1)] and this was linearly related to the rate of increase of [la]b [(d VO2/dt) (W·kg–1·s–1) = 2.310–4 + 5.910–5·(d [la]b/dt) (mM·s–1)]. These findings would suggest that the decrease of Wtot during the first all-out period was due to the decay of phosphocreatine concentration in the exercising muscles occurring at the onset of exercise and the slow drifts of VO2 (upwards) and of Wtot (downwards) during intense exercise at constant Wtot could be attributed to the continuous accumulation of lactate in the blood (and in the working muscles). 相似文献
35.
Summary This study investigated whether isokinetic strength training might induce changes in static and dynamic power already achieved as a result of isometric strength training. The subjects were twelve males. The isometric strength and dynamic power of elbow flexors were tested by means of an electric dynamometer and fly-wheel every two weeks. During the first 8 weeks all subjects trained the elbow flexors isometrically at four different positions of elbow joints. This training produced 27–36% gains in isometric strength and 34–46% in power. Thereafter the subjects were divided into two groups: the FG group who trained isokinetically at a fast velocity of 157·s–1, and the SG group at slow velocity of 73·s–1. After 6 weeks of training, the FG group produced a significant gain in power with light equivalent masses and the SG group did so with heavy equivalent masses. Neither group showed change in isometric strength. 相似文献
36.
The site and concentration dependence of the blocking effect of Ba2+ onNecturus gallbladder epithelium has been investigated. A new approach was used which combines time-dependent electrical cell coupling
analysis with intermittently performed measurements of transepithelial and apparent intracellular impedance. From the coupling
pulse data the sum of apical and basolateral membrane conductances is obtained, which is then held constant during fitting
of the impedance data. This combination technique yields more reliable estimates of apical and basolateral membranes resistances
(R
a,R
bl) and of tight junction resistance (R
j) than our previous impedance analysis technique. Using the new approach we have found that luminal Ba2+ concentrations between 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/l increaseR
a with saturation-type kinetics without affectingR
bl andR
j, while higher luminal Ba2+ concentrations progressively increaseR
j. Corresponding effects were observed under serosal Ba2+. The results validate the new impedance analysis approach and demonstrate that millimolar concentrations of Ba2+ block tight junction conductances. Accordingly, Ba2+ can no longer be considered a tool to exclusively alter cell membrane resistances in epithelia. 相似文献
37.
A wireless power transfer system for endoscopic micro-robot operating at 36 kHz is presented in this paper. The issue of patient' s health and safety regarding exposure to the electromagnetic field is addressed. The specific absorption rate and current density can be used to investigate the electromagnetic influences on the biological tissues surrounded by the wireless power launching coil. In view of this purpose, the limited close-ound solenoid electromagnetic model is built, the relationship between the electric intensity and the specific absorption rate and current density is deduced, and the simulation experiments are done. Experimental results show that the values of SAR and current density related to different tissue catalogs are all very small and do not exceed their own limits respectively when the resonance frequency of operation is 36 kHz. 相似文献
38.
F. Anselme K. Collomp B. Mercier S. Ahmaïdi Ch. Prefaut 《European journal of applied physiology》1992,65(2):188-191
Summary The aim of this study was to specify the effects of caffeine on maximal anaerobic power (W
max). A group of 14 subjects ingested caffeine (250 mg) or placebo in random double-blind order. TheW
max was determined using a force-velocity exercise test. In addition, we measured blood lactate concentration for each load at the end of pedalling and after 5 min of recovery. We observed that caffeine increasedW
max [964 (SEM 65.77) W with caffeine vs 903.7 (SEM 52.62) W with placebo;P<0.02] and blood lactate concentration both at the end of pedalling [8.36 (SEM 0.95) mmol · l–1 with caffeine vs 7.17 (SEM 0.53) mmol · l–1 with placebo;P<0.011 and after 5 min of recovery [10.23 (SEM 0.97) mmol · l–1 with caffeine vs 8.35 (SEM 0.66) mmol · l–1 with placebo;P<0.04]. The quotient lactate concentration/power (mmol · l–1 · W–1) also increased with caffeine at the end of pedalling [7.6 · 10–3 (SEM 3.82 · 10–5) vs 6.85 · 10–3 (SEM 3.01 · 10–5);P<0.01] and after 5 min of recovery [9.82·10–3 (SEM 4.28 · 10–5) vs 8.84 · 10–3 (SEM 3.58 · 10–5);P<0.02]. We concluded that caffeine increased bothW
max and blood lactate concentration. 相似文献
39.
BACKGROUND: Impaired implantation in assisted reproduction cycles with high serum estradiol (E(2)) concentrations may be related to suboptimal endometrial perfusion. Endometrial and subendometrial blood flow were compared between excessive responders (serum E(2) on the day of HCG >20 000 pmol/l) and moderate responders (E(2) < or =20 000 pmol/l). METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound examination with power Doppler was performed 2, 4 and 7 days after HCG in 32 patients who did not have embryo transfer in order to measure endometrial thickness, pulsatility index (PI)/resistance index (RI) of uterine vessels, and endometrial volume, vascularization index (VI)/flow index (FI)/vascularization flow index (VFI) of endometrial and subendometrial regions. RESULTS: Excessive responders tended to have lower endometrial and subendometrial VI/VFI on HCG +2 and more absent endometrial/subendometrial blood flow. They had significantly higher endometrial FI and subendometrial VFI than moderate responders on HCG +7. Only in the excessive responder group, uterine PI/RI declined significantly from HCG +2 to HCG +7 and endometrial VI/VFI increased significantly from HCG +4 to HCG +7. CONCLUSION: Changes in uterine Doppler flow indices, and endometrial and subendometrial 3D power Doppler flow indices during the early luteal phase were significantly different between moderate and excessive responders. 相似文献
40.
Summary The purposes of this investigation were to determine the validity of critical power (CP) as a measure of the work rate that can be maintained for a very long time without fatigue and to determine whether this corresponded with the maximal lactate steady-state (lass,max). Eight highly trained endurance cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake 74.1 ml · kg–1 · min–1, SD 5.3) completed four cycle ergometer tests to exhaustion at predetermined work rates (360, 425, 480 and 520 W). From these four co-ordinates of work and time to fatigue the regression of work limit on time limit was calculated for each individual (CP). The cyclists were then asked to exercise at their CP for 30 min. If CP could not be maintained, the resistance was reduced minimally to allow the subject to complete the test and maintain a blood lactate plateau. Capillary blood was sampled at 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min into exercise for the analysis of lactate. Six of the eight cyclists were unable to maintain CP for 30 min without fatigue. In these subjects, the mean power attained was 6.4% below that estimated by CP. Mean blood lactates (n = 8) reached a steady-state (8.9 mmol · l–1, SD 1.6) during the last 20 min of exercise indicating that CP slightly overestimated lass, max. Individual blood lactates during the last 20 min of exercise were more closely related to the y-intercept of the CP curve (r=0.78, P<0.05) than either CP (0.34, NS) or mean power output (r=0.42, NS). The present investigation has shown that highly trained endurance cyclists can tolerate previously unreported levels of blood lactate during 30 min of exercise at or near their CP. Blood lactates during continuous exercise are higher than at the same work rate during an incremental test. The CP provides a simple and inexpensive means of assessing the exercise intensity which can be maintained continuously, while avoiding the methodological difficulties associated with ventilatory and lactate thresholds. 相似文献