Onyx embolization of a spinal epidural hemorrhage caused by thoracic spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula: A case report and literature review

Spinal epidural hemorrhages (SEDH) caused by spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEAVFs) are rare; thus, their specific pathogenesis has not been explained. Furthermore, the standard treatment for SEAVFs has not yet been defined. Here we report the case of a 36-year-old Chinese man who experienced acute onset chest pain and tightness. His symptoms rapidly aggravated until the lower limbs were unable to support him. Spinal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed a localized SEAVF and a secondary spinal cord lesion at the T4 level. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) confirmed the presence of the SEDH/SEAVF at the T3–4 level with the left radicular artery feeding the fistula. Based on DSA and MRA findings, SEDH, local spinal cord infarction, and spinal venous reflux disorder were conditionally diagnosed. Using the arterial route, Onyx-34 was injected into the fistula to embolize the feeding arteries and the venous system. Angiography was performed after the microcatheter was withdrawn, and no residual fistula or anterior spinal artery was observed. The six-week follow-up MRI showed acceptable healing of the SEAVF, and the patient improved neurologically. This case suggests that endovascular treatment with Onyx-34 embolization should be considered a promising treatment strategy for this type of complicated SEAVF.     

Simultaneous occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: A systematic review of cases

Although the leading causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are aneurysm rupture and arteriovenous malformations, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) can, in rare cases, be associated with SAH. This phenomenon is an uncommon presentation, with less than a hundred cases reported based on our review of the literature. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is known regarding these cases, how they are managed and to highlight the need for further studies that will serve as a basis for the development of a standard management guideline across board. The following databases were searched: PubMed and Ovid Embase. A complementary search of Google Scholar and AJOL was done. Gray literature search was also conducted on the Google search engine for any additional relevant papers. We were able to extract data regarding 33 cases from 29 identified studies. The mean age was 46.6 ± 14.08. 17 (51.5%) of the cases were female, and the female‐to‐male ratio is 1.1:1. Headache was by far the commonest symptom, occurring in 82% of cases followed by seizures in 42% of cases. Four patients (12%) had loss of consciousness while 5 patients (15%) had some form of focal neurologic deficit. Twenty patients had cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in at least two different sinuses. The superior sagittal sinus was the most common location for CVSTs (79%), followed by the transverse sinus (57.5%). Twenty‐nine cases (89%) were managed with anticoagulation alone and one case had a mechanical thrombectomy. We have performed a comprehensive review of cases that had the simultaneous occurrence of SAH and CVST and have identified their peculiarities and the challenges to management. Further research is needed in order to identify a causal relationship and to serve as a basis for the development of a standard management guideline across the board.     

基于人工智能的高血压性脑出血医疗文本信息自动识别系统

目的 构建基于人工智能的高血压性脑出血医疗文本信息自动识别系统,快速识别和分析患者临床信息,高效地输出正确的诊疗方案。方法 基于国内外最新高血压性脑出血诊疗指南,经多位高年资神经外科医生和专业人工智能团队共同讨论,构建基于语言表征模型和专家模块的高血压性脑出血医疗文本信息自动识别及决策系统（即H系统）。随后将收集到的高血压性脑出血病例分为训练集、测试集和验证集,以数据库中病例的真实治疗方案为金标准,先总体评价H系统的准确性,再将其与神经外科医生进行对比,分析H系统的判读效率。结果 在测试集中,H系统所输出的治疗方案的准确率为94.0%（91.5%~96.5%）,特异度为91.8%（86.3%~97.3%）,灵敏度为95.5%（89.3%~98.2%）,曲线下面积（area under the curve,AUC）值为0.936（0.922~0.950）（P=0.000）;在验证集中,H系统所输出的治疗方案的准确率为93.3%（89.5%~97.1%）,特异度为 89.9%（83.4%~96.4%）,灵敏度为95.8%（92.3%~99.3%）,AUC值为0.928（0.891~0.966）（P=0.000）。在处理同样的70例病例时,H系统用时（334.60±4.46）s,而神经外科医生用时（12 550.28±95.45）s;在50 min内,H系统处理的病例数为（383±3）例,而神经外科医生处理的病例数为（11±4）例。结论 本研究所构建的H系统能够对高血压性脑出血患者的急诊病例进行自动识别和分析,并快速输出准确的诊疗方案,可协助医生对高血压脑出血进行急诊诊疗。     

镁剂对大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血后血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的 观察硫酸镁对大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)模型脑内内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)的影响.方法 将96只SD大鼠随机分为SAH组、假手术组、SAH加镁组、假手术加镁组建立实验动物模型.分别于相应时间点采用免疫组化技术分析大鼠脑内VEGF分布情况.结果 假手术组和假手术加M镁组均可见到少量VEGF的表达,两者差异无显著性.在蛛网膜下腔出血组24 h明显表达,3 d表达强度进一步增高,7 d达高峰,14 d下降至正常.其阳性细胞主要分布在大脑皮层,基底节区、海马等部位也有较多.其细胞类型主要为神经细胞、胶质细胞、血管内皮细胞等.在SAH后的不同时间点免疫组织化学结果为:SAH加镁组大鼠VEGF的表达明显高于SAH组.结论 硫酸镁促进了VEGF的表达,其通过促进VEGF的表达参与了继发性脑损伤的保护机制.     

双球囊导管用于瘢痕子宫足月引产的临床观察

目的 探讨瘢痕子宫使用双球囊导管促宫颈成熟及引产后阴道分娩的安全性和有效性.方法 以2016年1月—2018年7月本院收治有阴道分娩条件和意愿的59例宫颈未成熟的足月瘢痕子宫作为研究组,以同期分娩的67例足月非瘢痕子宫宫颈未成熟的为对照组,两组均使用双球囊导管促宫颈成熟及引产,比较两组的母婴结局.结果 研究组孕产妇的年...     

神经元特异性烯醇化酶和脑钠肽在中老年基底节区出血 85例预后中的应用研究

目的探讨神经元特异性烯醇化酶( NSE)和脑钠肽在中老年基底节区出血病人预后评估中的应用价值。方法选择 2020年 1月至 2022年 12月在安徽医科大学附属滁州医院治疗的 85例中老年基底节区出血病人进行回顾性分析,根据病人发病后 3个月的改良 Rankin量表( mRS)评分,将病人分为预后良好组和预后不良组,利用受试者操作特征曲线( ROC曲线)和 logistic回归分析评估 NSE和脑钠肽的预后价值。结果预后良好组中 NSE(13.67±4.51)μg/L明显低于预后不良组(18.36±6.52)μg/L(P<0.001)预后良好组中脑钠肽 143.00(98.00,233.80)ng/L明显低于预后不良组 230.00(120.00,400.00)ng/L(P=0.002)。 ROC曲线显示,NSE和脑钠肽的最佳截取值分别为 15.5 μg/L和 156.5 ng/L。NSE联合脑钠肽时 AUC为 0.76,与二者单独应用时的 0.73、0.70差异无统计学意义。 logistic回归分析显示出血量( P=0.017)、 NSE(P=0.003)和脑钠肽( P=0.033)是影响病人预后的独立危险因素。结论 NSE和脑钠肽在中老年基底节区出血病人的短期预后评估中具有重要价值,值得进一步研究。     

脑出血患者血小板CD62p、CD42b表达及血浆血栓素B2、6-酮前列腺素-F1a和血管性假血友病因子水平的变化及其意义

目的 研究脑出血患者血小板CD62p、CD42b表达及血浆血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮前列腺素-F1a(6-keto-PGF1a)和血管性假血友病因子(vWF)水平的变化及其意义.方法 对46例高血压脑出血患者(脑出血组)发病后＜3 d、1周、2周及20例高血压患者(对照组),用流式细胞仪检测血小板CD62p、CD42b表达,酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆TXB2、6-keto-PGF1a和vWF的水平,并分析脑出血患者血小板CD62p、CD42b表达与血浆vWF水平的相关性.结果 在发病后＜3 d、1周及2周,脑出血组血小板CD62p表达和血浆TXB2、vWF水平及TXB2/6-keto-PGF1a(T/K)比值均明显高于对照组(均P＜0.01).血小板CD42b表达和血浆6-keto-PGF1a水平均明显低于对照组(均P＜0.01).脑出血患者血小板CD62p表达与血浆vWF水平呈正相关(r=0.56,P＜0.01),血小板CD42b表达与血浆vWF水平呈负相关(r=-0.60,P＜0.01).结论 脑出血患者出现血小板CD62p表达和血浆TXB2、vWF水平升高,血小板CD42b表达和血浆6-keto-PGF1a水平降低.提示脑出血后有明显血管内皮功能障碍及血小板活化.     

奥美拉唑雷尼替丁预防颅脑损伤术后应激性胃出血比较

目的：探讨奥美拉唑,雷尼替丁预防颅脑损伤手术后应激性胃出血的效果。方法;将中,重型颅脑损伤（GCS12－4分）的手术后患者随机分为3组,各30例,奥美拉唑组,雷尼替丁组在对照组用药的基础上分别静脉滴注奥美拉唑40mg,qd,和雷尼替丁150mg,bid,观察临床出血程度,结果：奥美拉唑组,雷尼替丁组的预防效果分别为96．7％,93．3％,与对照组（76．7％）比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,在使用额外剂量后,奥美拉唑组的5例出血均停止,雷尼替丁组7例出血中仍有4例不能止血,结论：奥美拉唑,雷尼替丁均有预防颅脑损伤手术后应激性胃出血的作用,且预防效果几乎相等,但奥美拉唑较雷尼替丁的止血作用强。     

卡贝缩宫素预防宫缩乏力性产后出血的临床观察

目的探讨卡贝缩宫素预防宫缩乏力性产后出血的临床疗效。方法随机选取我院200例自然妊娠孕妇,分为实验组和对照组,各100例,在胎儿娩出时,实验组使用卡贝缩宫素,对照组使用缩宫素,观察两组产妇出血及Hb浓度变化情况。结果实验组术中出血量、术后24小时出血量均明显少于对照组,产后出血发生率分别为2．0％和7．0％,结果相比均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。同时,实验组术后24小时Hh下降幅度明显小于对照组,结果有统计学意义fP〈0．05）。结论卡贝缩宫素能有效降低产妇产后出血率,疗效显著,明显优于其他宫缩剂,值得临床推广。     

高温诱发脑梗塞发病的凝血纤溶活性机制研究

目的:研究气温骤升所形成的高温导致高血压大鼠发生脑梗塞的凝血-纤溶活性机制。方法:采用易卒中型肾血管性高血压(RHRSP)模型,放置于人工模拟气温骤升的高温环境中诱发脑梗塞,检测高温刺激前后大鼠凝血-纤溶标记物F1+2和D-d im er的变化。结果:高温可以导致正常生理大鼠F1+2升高,D-d im er下降,且F1+2水平可在高温结束后恢复。高血压大鼠在未受高温刺激时F1+2和D-d im er(P<0.01)水平均低于正常生理组大鼠,在受到高温刺激时F1+2和D-d im er的波动呈现异常,表现为F1+2含量持续升高,而D-d im er的含量则下降。结论:机体对凝血-纤溶系统调节的异常是高温诱发脑梗塞发病的重要机制之一。