可调节携便式镇痛泵

现有的镇痛泵是用于手术后,为患者解除或者减轻患者的疼痛而设计的。一个特殊的原因,为使镇痛泵能用于长期受疼痛折磨的患者,为适应这类患者要自由活动和长期使用的需要,在现有镇痛泵的基础上,经过研究、改造,成功的研制出可调节携便式镇痛泵,经临床使用获得良好的效果,并获得国家实用新型专利(专利号:200420059087.1)。     

术后镇痛泵加新斯的明对胃肠功能影响

目的探讨术后硬膜外持续镇痛泵中加入新斯的明对剖宫产术后胃肠功能的影响。方法选择行剖宫产产妇240例,根据麻醉医师分组的不同将产妇分为两组,观察组126例,术后持续镇痛泵中加入麻醉药和新斯的明1.0mg;对照组114例,镇痛泵中仅有麻醉药,两组麻醉药配伍相同。观察两组产妇术后麻醉镇痛效果、肛门排气时间及腹泻、腹胀、大便失禁、恶心、呕吐等并发症发生情况。结果观察组肛门排气时间为(26.92±10.98)h,对照组为(33.78±12.61)h,两组比较差别有高度显著性(P<0.01);镇痛效果:观察组优为93.55%,对照组优为93.75%,两组比较差别无显著性(P>0.05);观察组恶心、干呕发生率为6.35%,明显低于对照组的19.3%(P<0.05),无一例发生呕吐,对照组有两例发生呕吐,三例发生腹胀;两组均无腹泻及大便失禁发生。结论术后硬膜外持续镇痛泵中加入新斯的明能促进胃肠功能,减少胃肠道并发症,有望为术后胃肠道并发症的防治提供一条新途径。     

食管癌与贲门癌术后胃排空障碍15例临床分析

目的：探讨食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的病因、诊断及防治。方法：回顾性分析15例食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的病因，区分功能性及机械性胃排空障碍的诊断，提出防治措施。结果：15例患者中11例功能性胃排空障碍，经保守治疗治愈。4例机械性胃排空障碍经手术治愈。常规行幽门成形术者，无胃排空障碍发生。结论：食管癌、贲门癌术后胃排空障碍的发生与手术方式、术中操作及迷走神经干的切断等因素有关。应规范手术操作，常规行幽门成形术及辅以胃肠动力药物等进行治疗。     

An audit of pain and vomiting in paediatric day case surgery

Three hundred and thirteen paediatric day case patients were prospectively audited to assess postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting using data sheets completed by nursing staff, anaesthetists and parents. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was 7.3% and was commoner in older children and those who had received opioids. Forty per cent of patients had some degree of postoperative pain; 17% of these patients were scored as having severe pain. Of children who had pain on returning home (31.4%), 85% of these required paracetamol. Fifteen per cent of children had a disturbed night due to pain and/or vomiting after their operation and 28.5% of children had pain on the following day. Boys undergoing circumcision were responsible for a disproportionately high percentage of the severe pain scores. Audit has helped to highlight deficiencies in the service provided and has led staff to try and improve their methods of analgesia.     

钾离子通道的活性状态对蛛网膜下腔注射腺苷抗伤害性作用的影响

目的探讨ATP敏感型钾离子通道的活性状态对鞘内注射腺苷类似物R-phenylisopropyladenosine(R-PIA)抗伤害性作用的影响.方法雄性SD大鼠在苯巴比妥钠麻醉下,蛛网膜下腔留置PE-10导管,测定注药后鼠尾对光热刺激的反应(抗伤害作用).结果蛛网膜下腔注射R-PIA产生剂量依赖性的甩尾时间曲线上移(P＜0.05).蛛网膜下腔注药后10min起效,镇痛时间长达60min.ATP敏感型通道开放剂nicorandil和阻滞剂glibenclamide单独蛛网膜下腔应用无镇痛作用(P＞0.05),但nicorandil明显增强R-PIA的抗伤害性作用,相反glibenclamide明显减弱R-PIA的抗伤害性作用(P＜0.05).结论蛛网膜下腔注射R-PIA可产生明显的剂量依赖性抗伤害作用,此作用受ATP敏感型钾离子通道活性调节.     

Current practice patterns in pancreatic surgery: Results of a multi-institutional analysis of seven large surgical departments in germany with 1454 pancreatic head resections, 1999 to 2004 (german advanced surgical treatment study group)

Despite decreasing mortality rates, morbidity is still high after pancreatic head resection. Comparative data in the United States and Europe show a relationship between hospital volume and mortality. Treatment strategies vary frequently, partially because of the lack of evidence-based data. We performed a multi-institutional analysis in Germany evaluating current numbers, indications, techniques, and complication rates of pancreatic head resection. Questionnaires were completed by seven high-volume surgical departments regarding quantitative and qualitative aspects of pancreatic head resections in the period from 1999 to 2004 (five prospective and two retrospective institutional databases). A total of 1454 pancreatic head resections (944 for malignancy) were reported. Mean annual hospital volume ranged from 14 to 52 (10 to 43 in malignancy). Mortality was between 1.1% and 4.8%, morbidity was between 24% and 46%, and pancreatic leakage was between 9% and 20%. In malignant disease, all centers perform standard lymphadenectomy and regard arterial infiltration as a contraindication for resection. However, the rate of portal vein resection varied from 0% to 28%. No consensus is seen on the type of surgery for malignancy and chronic pancreatitis. After resection for pancreatic cancer less than one fourth of the patients receive adjuvant therapy. The results of our analysis in Germany confirm that pancreatic head resection can be performed with low mortality in specialized units. Variations in indications, operative technique, and perioperative care may demonstrate the lack of evidence-based data and/or personal and institutional experience. The low number of patients receiving adjuvant therapy after resection of pancreatic cancer suggests that more efforts must be made to establish novel adjuvant therapies under randomized study conditions. Presented at the Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Chicago, Illinois, May 14–18, 2005 (oral presentation).     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症手术并发症探讨

[目的]探讨颈椎后纵韧带骨化症（OPLL）手术主要并发症的原因及对策。[方法]对2002年3月~2006年5月85例颈椎后纵韧带骨化症手术治疗病例进行回顾性分析。其中连续长节段骨化行颈后路全椎板切除减压内固定68例,发生并发症13例;孤立型或短节段骨化行颈前路椎体次全切减压植骨内固定17例,发生并发症3例。[结果]术后获得随访66例,随访期3~25个月,平均13个月。颈后路并发症：颈肩痛8例,给予消炎止痛药、脱水、理疗等保守治疗,术后2~20周患者疼痛缓解,恢复基本满意,其主要原因与减压后脊髓漂移神经根受牵拉或手术操作导致神经根受刺激或损伤有关。2周内缓解者可能与手术创伤局部组织水肿肌肉痉挛所致。术后不全瘫或症状加重4例,经药物及高压氧等治疗,3例恢复理想,1例恢复欠佳,不全瘫发生主要与手术减压后脊髓再灌注损伤有关。术后血肿2例,均经及时发现即刻手术探查血肿清除、激素冲击治疗而获得恢复,术中止血不彻底或手术创面渗血、引流管引流失败是其主要原因。脑脊液漏1例,经脱水、局部适当包扎及颈部制动,于术后3d脑脊液漏停止,切口愈合良好。手术切口感染2例,经抗感染、局部清创缝合等治疗术后20d左右获得愈合。前路并发症：术后不全瘫2例,经甲强龙冲击,神经营养药（弥可保）、高压氧治疗,术后20~30d完全恢复;脑脊液漏1例。内置物相关并发症：前路钛网下沉1例,后路内固定螺钉脱落1例（单枚）。[结论]颈椎后纵韧带骨化无论行后路或前路手术可发生多种并发症,有些是难以避免的,而有些则是可以经过努力预防或杜绝的,术前准备充分,术中小心操作,术后加强管理,是减少后纵韧带骨化手术并发症的关键。     

Post-operative esophageal leak treated with removable silicone-covered polyester stent

Self-expanding removable covered stents are increasingly being used for the treatment of benign esophageal diseases such as leaks or perforations and stenosis. They are easy to place and remove and good outcomes have been reported. We report a case of a postoperative esophageal leak successfully managed with a removable silicone-covered polyester stent.     

Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Richard. Extract in rodents

The dried (elaterium) or fresh juice from Ecballium elaterium fruit is used in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions in popular medicine. In this study the elaterium is examined for its analgesic and antipyretic effects in several animal models. The elaterium exhibits both analgesic and antipyretic activities.     

辽宁产东亚钳蝎毒的镇痛作用——离体海马脑片的细胞内电位记录

应用离体脑片技术及细胞内生物电记录方法，研究辽宁产东亚钳蝎毒及某些活性物质对海马ＣＡ１区痛敏神经元的影响，以了解蝎毒的作用机制，在海马ＣＡ１区记录到细胞内放电５４个单位，其静息电位平均值为４５±５ｍＶ，当给予海马伞入口处一定强度刺激时，在海马ＣＡ１区记录到细胞内放电，向海马脑片灌注蝎毒液时，ＣＡ１区细胞内放电受抑制，说明蝎毒液有镇痛作用