Effect of ethanol on dynamic visual acuity during vertical body oscillation in healthy volunteers

Visual orientation is the most important sensory input during locomotion (e.g. walking, driving a car, riding a bicycle). We investigated dynamic visual acuity (DVA) during vertical body-oscillations (amplitude 5 cm; frequency 1.5 Hz) in 12 healthy subjects before and twice after ethanol consumption. During oscillation, vertical eye movements were recorded under two test conditions: with eyes closed (EC) and during DVA testing. A significant increase in vertical eye-amplitude after ethanol ingestion occurred only during EC tests, as a possible sign of vestibular hyperreaction. During vestibular stimulation alone (EC), ethanol did not affect the phase shift between stimulus and eye movements. However, when the subjects were given an additional visual stimulus (DVA), the post-alcohol phase shift rose significantly. Surprisingly, the post-alcohol phase shift values for the two test conditions showed no significant differences. After ethanol ingestion we found no changes in static visual acuity but a significant loss of DVA. Volunteers with a change of DVA threshold (DVAT) showed significantly (P = 0.004) higher post-alcoholic changes in the phase shift. In summary, low doses of ethanol disturbed the visually guided oculomotor response during fixation of an earth-fixed target while the observer was subject to linear vertical acceleration. This effect led to an increasing delay between the beginning of body and eye movements. The consequence was an increasing phase shift and thus a decrease in DVA during whole-body oscillation which was comparable to movements during human locomotion. Received: 8 March 2000 / Accepted: 18 April 2000     

天津市社区人群中尿糖筛检结果

目的：调查（天津市）社区居民尿糖阳性检出率及人群分布情况,为糖尿病防治提供参考依据和指标。方法：采用整群随机抽样方法及医学检验手段,对从本市社区人群中抽取到的调查对象共６２５７７人（男３０４６２人,女３２１１５人）进行了尿糖筛检调查试验。结果：受检人群的尿糖阳性检出率,在男、女及合计分别为９．００‰,１１．６０‰及１０．３０‰;尿糖阳性率按年龄和职业分布明显不同。结论：得出了天津市社区人群尿糖水平     

Thymocyte maturation is regulated by the activity of the helix-loop-helix protein, E47

The E2A proteins, E12 and E47, are required for progression through multiple developmental pathways, including early B and T lymphopoiesis. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrating that E47 activity regulates double-positive thymocyte maturation. In the absence of E47 activity, positive selection of both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and class II-restricted T cell receptors (TCRs) is perturbed. Additionally, development of CD8 lineage T cells in an MHC class I-restricted TCR transgenic background is sensitive to the dosage of E47. Mice deficient for E47 display an increase in production of mature CD4 and CD8 lineage T cells. Furthermore, ectopic expression of an E2A inhibitor helix-loop-helix protein, Id3, promotes the in vitro differentiation of an immature T cell line. These results demonstrate that E2A functions as a regulator of thymocyte positive selection.     

持续性正加速度致意识丧失的机理及其监测

正在加速度引起的意识丧失（Ｇ－ＬＯＣ）是当胶威胁飞行安全的主要因素。综述了Ｇ＿ＬＯＣ的机理及其生理监测,慢增长率正加速度导致的意识丧失的机理主要大脑缺血／缺氧;快增长率正加速度导致物意识丧失可能与颅内高应力有关,但缺直接的实验证据。用于Ｇ－ＬＯＣ监测的生理指标中,眼水平动脉血压、脑氧饱和度等可能具有重要作用。     

佛山市先天性甲状腺功能减低症筛查

目的了解佛山市初生人口中先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)的发生率,探讨初筛实验中召回复查的适当阳性切割点(筛查切值)。方法对出生48～72h后的81439例新生儿采集足跟血滤纸标本,荧光免疫法检测血中促甲状腺素(TSH)浓度,确诊用电化学发光法测定血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、甲状腺素(TT4)、血清游离T3(FT3)、血清游离T4(FT4)及TSH浓度。TSH初筛结果≥8mIU/L即召回复查,并结合骨龄检查及甲状腺核素扫描以确诊。结果检出52例CH,发生率63.85/10万(1:1566)。结论本组筛查结果显示佛山市初生人口中先天性甲状腺功能减低症的发生率高于国内主要城市报道。原因考虑与充分利用本市新生儿疾病筛查工作三级管理网络,对初筛结果异常者复查率达100%及适当降低阳性切割点,及时召回复查,减少漏诊有关。     

Duplex ultrasound evaluation of cavernosal peak systolic velocity and waveform acceleration in the penile flaccid state: clinical significance in the assessment of the arterial supply in patients with erectile dysfunction

The aim of this paper was to establish if duplex ultrasound parameters obtained for assessment of the patency of cavernosal arteries in the penile flaccid state can give sufficient clinical information without the use of intracavernosal injection of vasodilatory drugs. We assessed mean cavernosal peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the penile flaccid state (basal PSV), and after PGE1 injection (dynamic PSV) in 339 unselected patients with erectile dysfunction. In 55 of these patients the waveform acceleration in the flaccid state was also assessed. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) a significant relationship was found between basal and dynamic PSV in the 339 patients (r=0.477; p < 0.0001); (2) a basal PSV >12.5 cm/sec was predictive of a dynamic PSV >/=30 cm/sec in 129/139 (92.8%) of the patients, whereas in patients with a basal PSV or <30 cm/sec could be found; and (3) an acceleration >1 m/sec2 in the flaccid state was coupled to a dynamic PSV >30 cm/sec in 43/46 (93.5%) of the patients independent of the basal PSV. In conclusion, these results suggest that the combined duplex ultrasound assessment of PSV and waveform acceleration in the penile flaccid state can predict arterial dynamic inflow in the majority (51/55; 92.7%) of patients with erectile dysfunction, with less time and expense and less discomfort for the patient.     

Clinical significance of interstitial collagen deposition at the invading edge in oral cancer: Immunohistochemistry for type I collagen

Background Changes in interstitial collagen in human oral cancer have not yet been fully studied. We examined the relationship between the degree of interstitial collagen deposition at the invading edge of the tumor, and the clinical and pathologic findings in oral squamous cell carcinoma. We also investigated the therapeutic implication of the changes in distribution patterns of collagen deposition by comparing biopsy specimens and surgical specimens. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed by the streptavidin-biotin method using antibody against human type I collagen for visualizing interstitial collagen in 50 biopsy and 45 surgical specimens. Results Carcinomas with scanty interstitial collagen in biopsy specimens tended to have highly malignant characteristics. Large carcinomas with scanty deposition both in biopsy and surgical specimens were likely to have positive resection margins in spite of radical surgery. Conclusion Immunostaining patterns for type I collagen of oral squamous cell carcinomas can provide information of importance in determining safe resection margins.     

袋泡剂质量稳定性的实验研究

目的：选择袋泡剂的最佳包装材料。方法：恒温加速实验法。结果：四种包装材料的袋泡剂，铝箔包装的袋泡剂有效期最长。结论：最佳包装材料为铝箔。     

鼻塞持续气道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭临床观察

目的观察经鼻塞持续气道正压通气(N-CPAP)治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的效果。方法应用STEPHANN-CPAP小儿呼吸机对30例危重新生儿进行经鼻塞持续气道正压通气呼吸支持治疗,观察治疗前后临床症状和血气变化。结果治疗有效25例,无效5例。治疗有效患儿使用N-CPAP时间12~96h,平均(32±4)h。并发症为鼻黏膜损伤,共12例。全部病例均治愈出院。结论N-CPAP治疗新生儿肺炎并呼吸衰竭及早产儿原发性呼吸暂停效果显著,是新生儿科一种简便易行、无创安全、疗效显著的呼吸支持设备。     

安庆市农村≤3岁儿童乙型肝炎疫苗接种率及乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原携带率调查

目的 :为了解农村儿童乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗接种率、首针及时接种率、全程及时接种率及乙肝病毒表面抗原(Hbs Ag)携带率和抗 - HBs阳转率 ,以便为乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫提供本底资料。方法 :2 0 0 2年 12月对安庆市农村≤ 3岁儿童进行了调查。结果 :调查的 930人中 ,乙肝疫苗全程接种率为 74 .30 % ,首针及时接种率为 36 .4 5 % ,全程及时接种率为 2 9.4 6 % ,首针及时接种率以 0岁组最高 (χ2 =2 3.2 3,P<0 .0 1) ;检出阳性者 15人 ,携带率为 1.6 1% ;调查合格接种乙肝疫苗儿童 6 31人 ,抗 - HBs阳性 4 93人 ,抗 - HBs阳转率为 78.13%。平原地区的首针及时率为 38.4 0 % ,高于山区 (χ2 =4 .5 6 ,P<0 .0 5 )。住院和在家分娩儿童的首针及时接种率分别为 4 8.74 %、14 .6 3% ,差异有非常显著的统计学意义 (χ2 =10 7.6 7,P<0 .0 1)。结论乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫后 ,提高农村新生儿乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率和全程及时接种率是今后工作的重点