HO-1、HO-1 mRNA在肝硬化病人肝组织中的表达及与门静脉压力的关系

目的　观察HO CO系统在肝硬化病人肝组织中的表达及与门静脉压力的关系 ,以探讨其在肝硬化门脉高压中的作用。方法　随机选取 2 0例正常志愿者及 2 0例肝硬化患者 ,在B超引导下经皮经肝穿刺分别测定门静脉压力、抽取门静脉血和外周血并留取肝组织 ,测定血液中CO浓度 ,用免疫组化和RT PCR方法观察肝组织HO 1及其HO 1mRNA的表达。结果　肝硬化病人下腔静脉及门静脉血中CO浓度、肝组织HO 1、HO 1mRNA的表达及门静脉压力均分别显著高于正常对照组 ,正常对照组的外周血和门静脉血中CO浓度水平接近 ,无明显差异 ;但肝硬化患者的门静脉血CO浓度显著高于外周血CO浓度。结论　门脉血CO浓度、肝组织中HO 1以及HO 1mRNA表达与门静脉压力密切相关     

人表皮生长因子与碱性成纤维细胞生长因子纳米缓释剂对成纤维细胞的影响

目的:制备碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、人表皮生长因子(EGF)可降解缓释微球,考察其生物活性的保存情况,以及它们对成纤维细胞的作用。方法:采用改良的乳化冷凝法交联制备复合bFGF、EGF的明胶缓释微球,将它们加入成纤维细胞的培养液中,用细胞计数法、四甲基偶氮唑盐微量反应比色法(MTT法)测定细胞增殖情况。结果:复合bFGF、EGF的缓释微球平均粒径(11.32±3.64)μm;培养1天后各组细胞计数、吸光度(A)值差异均无显著性;5天后,两种生长因子缓释微球组细胞计数、吸光度(A)值明显高于对照组;7天后,两种生长因子缓释微球组值仍高于其它组,但差异无显著性。结论:复合bFGF、EGF的缓释微球制备工艺简便,成球性好;能较长时间地持续释放活性bFGF、EGF,可促进成纤维细胞的增殖。     

A common FGFR3 mutation functions as a diagnostic marker for achondroplasia-group disorders in the Japanese population

Recent DNA studies performed by several groups have detected mutations of the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) in patients with achondroplasia-group disorders, including achondroplasia (ACH), hypochondroplasia (HCH), and thanatophoric dysplasia (TD). For this study, we analyzed theFGFR3 gene in 31 Japanese patients with typical ACH, four with HCH, three with a condition intermediate between ACH and HCH (ACH/HCH-intermediate), and one with TD. Of the 31 typical ACH patients, 29 showed a G1138 to A transition and the other two a G1138 to C transversion, both resulting in a common Gly380Arg substitution in the transmembrane domain of FGFR3. The one TD and the four HCH patients did not display any mutations in the transmembrane domain of FGFR3. Of the three ACH/HCH-intermediate cases, one patient showed the Gly380Arg substitution and one did not, and further analysis of the second patient revealed the presence of Asn540Lys substitution. The first patient was, therefore, genotypically diagnosed as ACH and the second as HCH. Peripheral blood leukocyte DNA analysis in the remaining ACH/HCH-intermediate patient indicated an unequal ratio of mutant to normal PCR products, possibly representing a somatic mosaic for the Gly380Arg mutation. Analysis of the common FGFR3 mutation thus appears to help in the molecular diagnosis of patients with achondroplasia-group disorders.     

Changes of hepatic and systemic haemodynamics following somatostatin administration in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis

Abstract Somatostatin has been used to effectively control acute variceal haemorrhage, with conjectured mechanisms on portal hypertension. We, therefore, evaluated the effects of somatostatin on hepatic and systemic haemodynamics in 15 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and portal hypertension. All patients received an intravenous, continuous infusion of somatostatin 250 μg/h, following a bolus injection of 250 μg. In systemic haemodynamics, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased ( P < 0.05), associated with a reflex bradycardia within 3 min following bolus injections, compared with basal values. The right atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, inferior vena cava pressure, cardiac index, and systemic vascular resistance remained unaffected after drug infusion. In hepatic haemodynamics, the wedge hepatic vein pressure remained unchanged after drug administration. However, there was an increase in free hepatic vein pressure (FHVP; P < 0.05), and a trend toward a decrease in the hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG; P = 0.063), within 3 min after bolus injection. Furthermore, the hepatic blood flow decreased significantly at 10 and 30 min after somatostatin infusion ( P < 0.05). The effective sinusoidal perfusion assessed by indocyanine green infusion also decreased progressively at 10 min ( P = 0.057) and 30 min ( P < 0.05). We concluded that somatostatin, at the dose used in this study, caused a transient and bolus-related vasoconstrictive effect, resulting in increases in MAP and FHVP, a decrease in heart rate, and a trend toward lower HVPG. In addition, somatostatin reduced the hepatic blood flow and effective sinusoidal perfusion which may be hazardous to cirrhotic patients during variceal haemorrhage.     

血清IGFBP-3、PDGF及bFGF联合检测对多囊卵巢综合征患者妊娠结局的预测价值

目的 探究血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)、血小板来源生长因子（PDGF）及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）联合检测对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者妊娠结局的预测价值。方法 选取2021年5月—2022年12月在沧州市中心医院接受治疗的150例PCOS孕妇作为PCOS组,另选取同期在该院产检健康的90例孕妇作为对照组。比较两组血清IGFBP-3、PDGF及bFGF水平;根据PCOS组孕妇的妊娠情况分为妊娠结局良好组119例和妊娠结局不良组31例,统计PCOS患者妊娠结局情况并比较血清IGFBP-3、PDGF、bFGF水平;绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清IGFBP-3、PDGF和bFGF对PCOS的预测价值。结果 PCOS组血清IGFBP-3水平低于对照组（P <0.05）,PDGF、bFGF水平均高于对照组（P <0.05）。妊娠结局不良组血清IGFBP-3水平低于妊娠结局良好组（P <0.05）,PDGF、bFGF水平均高于妊娠结局良好组（P <0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清IGFBP-3、PDGF、bFGF水平预测PC...     

门静脉的体表定位及其临床意义

目的：为超声波检查门静脉或经皮经肝门静脉穿刺提供解剖学基础。方法：在４０例成人尸体标本上观测了门静脉的行程及其分叉位置的体表投影。结果：门静脉肝外段与身体的垂线呈约４０°角；门静脉分叉位置在经右半胸宽中点的垂线与右锁骨中线上肝高中点的水平线的交点附近；门静脉右支分为前、后支的位置在剑突尖平面下方约２ｃｍ，右锁骨中线上肝高的中点附近；门静脉左支分出第１外侧支的位置在剑突尖稍下方的右侧约２ｃｍ。结论：在右腋中线剑突尖平面下方约２ｃｍ经皮经肝穿刺至锁骨中线，导管即可进入门静脉右支内     

Protective actions of human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor on MPTP-lesioned nigrostriatal dopamine neurons after intraventricular infusion

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) is a trophic factor for neurons and astrocytes and has recently been demonstrated in the vast majority of dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral midbrain of the rat. Potential neuroprotective actions of FGF-2 in the l-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model have also been reported. The actions of the FGF-2 have now been further analyzed in a combined morphological and behavioural analysis in the MPTP model of the adult black mouse, using a continuous human recombinant FGF-2 (hrFGF-2) intraventricular (i.v.t.) administration in a heparin-containing (10 IU heparin/ml) mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) solution. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry in combination with computer assisted microdensitometry demonstrated a counteraction of the MPTP-induced disappearance of neostriatal TH-immunoreactive (ir) nerve terminals following the FGF-2 treatment. Unbiased estimates of the total number of nigral TH ir neurons, using stereological methods involving the optical disector (Olympus), showed that the MPTP-induced reduction in the number of nigral TH ir nerve cell bodies counterstained with cresyl violet (CV; by 56%) was partially counteracted by the FGF-2 treatment (by 26%). The behavioral analysis demonstrated an almost full recovery of the MPTP-induced reduction of the locomotor activity after FGF-2 treatment. This action was maintained also 1 week after cessation of treatment. The hrFGF-2 produced an astroglial reaction as determined in the lateral neostriatum and in the substantia nigra (SN) far from the site of the infusion, indicating that the growth factor may have reached these regions by diffusion to activate the astroglia. Immunocytochemistry revealed FGF-2 immunoreactivity (IR) in the nuclei of the astroglia cell population in the dorsomedial striatum and the microdensitometric and morphometric evaluation demonstrated an increase in the number, but not in the intensity, of these profiles on the cannulated side, suggesting the possibility that hrFGF-2 stimulates FGF-2 synthesis in astroglial cells with low endogenous FGF-2 IR. These results indicate that hrFGF-2, directly and/or indirectly via astroglia, upon i.v.t. infusion exerts trophic effects on the nigrostriatal DA system and may increase survival of nigrostriatal DA nerve cells exposed to the MPTP neurotoxin.     

头颈部肿瘤射野摆位误差的差异性研究

目的：研究采用电子射野系统评价头颈部肿瘤患者摆位误差时的观察者间变异和观察者自身变异。方法：两队研究小组，分别由四名医师和四名技师组成，两组分别对6名头颈部肿瘤的患者，采用电子射野影像仪（electronic portal imaging device，EPID）拍摄验证片（electronic portal images，EPIs），在EPIs上勾画骨性标志，以放疗计划生成的数字重建图像（digitally reconstructed radiographs，DRRs）做为参考图像，定量分析不同观察研究人员之间和研究人员自身采用EPID确定头颈部肿瘤患者的射野摆位误差（field placement errors，FPEs）的差异性。结果：在前／后位射野图像上．不同医师之间、医师自身及技师自身对摆位误差的判断无明显差异，但在技师之间出现了明显的自身差异性．医师组和技师组在前／后射野图像上的均方根（root-mean—square，RMS）分别为2．52±0．46和3．43±0．43，两者具有明显差异；在侧位野图像上，医师自身对摆位误差的判断有较好的稳定性，但部分不同医师之间在腹背、头足方向上部分患者中出现差异，而不同的技师之间存在明显差异性，医师组和技师组在侧位射野图像上的RMS分别为2．72±0．16和2．62±0．22．两者无明显差异。结论：医师和技师组在采用电子射野系统对头颈部摆位误差进行判断时存在人员之间的误差，应对所有人员进行统一训练才能减少射野摆位误差，从而提高IMRT治疗效果。     

糖尿病小鼠视网膜碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的表达及细胞损害的电镜观察

目的：为临床研究提供形态学资料。方法：用免疫组化方法，观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)在糖尿病小鼠视网膜的分布及表达密度；用透射电镜观察不同病程视网膜细胞的损害情况。结果：糖尿病及正常小鼠视网膜各层细胞均表达bFGF，反应强度和密度不同。发病组自6月龄起，居于大血管周围的阳性节细胞密度增加；不同病程bFGF的表达有不同程度的增加。随糖尿病病程延长，细胞超微结构受到不同程度的损害。结论：糖尿病时增多的bFGF直接或间接作用于血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞，刺激二者增殖，促进微血管病变的发生；另一方面，减弱视细胞与双极细胞间的信息传递，对糖尿病性盲的发生起重要作用。同时，各种细胞的超微结构及相应的功能也受到不同程度的损害。