逍遥散超临界CO2提取工艺及提取物GC-MS特征图谱初步研究

该文为了初步确定逍遥散超临界CO₂提取的最佳工艺条件,并建立提取物的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）特征图谱,以提取物得率为考察指标,采用正交试验设计方法,对提取压力、提取温度、CO₂流量、提取时间等因素进行考察;采用GC-MS对不同批次的提取物进行特征图谱分析。逍遥散超临界CO₂提取的最佳工艺条件为提取压力20 MPa,提取温度50 ℃,CO₂流量25 kg·h^-1,提取时间3 h,提取物平均得率2.2%。GC-MS特征图谱中确定27个共有峰,占总峰面积的81.89%,其中指认出21个化合物,占提取物总量的53.20%。超临界CO₂萃取工艺合理可行,GC-MS方法准确可靠,重复性好,可用于逍遥散超临界CO₂提取物的制备及质量控制。     

Modeling Tracer Diffusion Coefficients of Any Type of Solutes in Polar and Non-Polar Dense Solvents

In this work, a simple two-parameters correlation based on the Rice and Gray, Lennard-Jones, and Stockmayer theories was devised for the calculation of binary diffusion coefficients (D12) of any type of solutes at infinite dilution in polar and non-polar solvents. This equation can be relevant for systems with polar solvents, since most models in the literature fail when strong intermolecular forces predominate in solution. The new correlation embodies the Stockmayer potential without requiring the dipole moments of any component, which significantly enlarges its application. It was validated with the largest D12 database of polar and non-polar dense systems, with 8812 data points (NDP) spanning 553 systems, of which 133 have water as solvent (NDP = 1266), 89 contain polar solvents excluding water (NDP = 1405), 177 have supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as solvent (NDP = 5028), and 154 have non-polar or weakly polar solvents excluding SC-CO2 (NDP = 1113). Overall, the model achieved an average deviation of only 3.43%, with accurate and unbiased behavior even for polar systems.     

细锥香茶菜乙醇提取物及不同极性部位急性毒性实验研究

目的观察细锥香茶菜乙醇提取物及不同极性部位的急性毒性。方法分别以95%和75%乙醇作为溶剂,采用冷浸法提取细锥香茶菜全草,合并滤液,浓缩,挥至无醇味,用水混悬后依次采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,分别得到细锥香茶菜乙醇提取物和不同极性部位。采用最大给药量法进行实验,取昆明小鼠72只,雌雄各半,采用随机数字表法分为空白组、乙醇提取物组、石油醚部位组、乙酸乙酯部位组、正丁醇部位组、水部位组6组,每组12只,各组分别以0.04 m L/g一次性灌胃0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液及相应药物,观察14 d。观察并记录小鼠的自发活动、毛发、饮水、粪便、尿液及死亡情况;于给药后第1,4,7,10,13 d计算小鼠进食量,并测量体质量;第13天以2%戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉,取肝脏,制作肝脏病理切片,光镜下观察。结果各组小鼠精神状态、活动、大便、小便均正常,食欲良好,毛色光洁,鼻、眼、口无异常分泌物,无死亡,个别小鼠有轻微腹泻现象,随即好转。各给药组小鼠体质量增长百分率与空白组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。给药后第1天各给药组小鼠进食量均出现不同程度的下降,与空白组比较差异有统计学意义(...     

宁夏大蓟提取物不同极性部位对5种革兰阴性菌的体外抑菌活性研究

目的:观察宁夏大蓟提取物的不同极性部位对5种革兰阴性菌体外抑菌活性作用。方法:大蓟水提取物、大蓟正丁醇提取物、大蓟乙酸乙酯提取物用试管二倍稀释法联合琼脂平板法,进行体外抑菌试验研究。结果:大蓟水提取物、大蓟乙酸乙酯提取物对5种革兰阴性菌最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均为﹥1.00 mg.mL-1;大蓟正丁醇提取物对5种革兰阴性菌有抑菌作用,对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌MIC均为1.0mg.mL-1;对伤寒沙门菌、变形杆菌、福氏痢疾杆菌MIC均为0.5mg.mL-1。结论:大蓟正丁醇提取物对5种革兰阴性菌有抑菌作用,大蓟水提取物、大蓟乙酸乙酯提取物无抑菌作用。     

远程医疗在北极地区的使用现状及可行性分析

本文对远程医疗在极地以及海上医疗服务中的应用现状进行综述,分析了北极地区及海上紧急环境中实施远程医疗的可行性及存在的挑战。为极地救援中使用远程医疗服务提供参考依据。     

Polar Phonon Behaviour in Polycrystalline Bi-Doped Strontium Titanate Thin Films

Strontium titanate-based materials with ferroelectric or relaxor-like properties have drawn vast attention as polar dielectrics for electronics and telecommunications. Here, we study the lattice dynamics in sol–gel-derived Sr_1−1.5xBi_xTiO₃ thin films with x = 0.0053 and 0.167, deposited on Al₂O₃ substrates, using a variable-temperature far-infrared spectroscopy in a transmittance mode. Bi doping, known to induce a low-frequency dielectric relaxation in SrTiO₃ (ST) ceramics and films, due to off-centre dopant ion displacements generating electric dipoles, is shown to affect the polar phonon behaviour of thin films. We show that in weakly Bi-doped films, the low-frequency polar TO1 mode softens on cooling but less than in undoped ST. In heavily Bi-doped ST films, this mode displays no significant frequency variation with temperature from 300 to 10 K. The polar phonon behaviour of polycrystalline Bi-doped ST thin films is comparable with that of Bi-doped ST ceramics, which exhibit dielectric relaxations and harden soft-mode behaviour instead of the ferroelectric phase transition.     

Paracetamol disposition and metabolite kinetics in patients with chronic renal failure

Summary The disposition of paracetamol following an oral dose of 1.0 g was compared in 10 healthy volunteers, 7 patients with moderate chronic renal failure and 6 patients with end stage renal failure on maintenance haemodialysis.Paracetamol absorption was normal in the patients with renal failure. The mean plasma half-life of paracetamol from 2 to 8 h was similar in the 3 groups (2.1 to 2.3 h) but from 8 to 24 h it disappeared much more slowly in the renal failure patients (half-life 11.7 compared with 4.9 h in the healthy volunteers). Plasma concentrations of paracetamol glucuronide and sulphate conjugates were greatly increased in the patients with moderate renal failure and the mean plasma half-lives were 30.5 and 21.8 h respectively compared with about 3 h in the healthy volunteers. Plasma concentrations of these metabolites were even higher in the dialysis patients and there was no significant fall over 24 h. The cysteine and mercapturic acid conjugates of paracetamol could only be measured in plasma in the patients with renal failure and concentrations were very low.The fractional urinary recovery of paracetamol and its glucuronide, sulphate, cysteine and mercapturic acid conjugates was similar in healthy volunteers and patients with moderate renal failure. The mean renal clearances of paracetamol and its glucuronide and sulphate conjugates in the healthy volunteers and patients with moderate renal failure were 15.7, 137 and 172, and 5.9, 14.5 and 14.8 ml/min respectively. In the latter patients the mean renal clearances of the cysteine and mercapturic acid conjugates were much greater at 35.4 and 80.2 ml/min. In the patients with moderate renal failure the AUC's of the glucuronide and sulphate conjugates were related to the plasma creatinine and there were significant negative correlations with the renal clearances of these metabolites and total urinary recovery. Marked cumulation of the polar glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of paracetamol would seem inevitable in patients with renal failure and the parent drug is apparently regenerated to a limited extent from retained metabolites.     

第一极体位置对卵母细胞显微注射受精后受精和胚胎发育的影响

目的　研究第一极体位置对卵母细胞显微注射受精后受精和胚胎发育的影响。方法　回顾分析了 782个经卵母细胞浆内单精子注射 (ICSI)的卵母细胞 ,分别分析第一极体位于 12点和 6点时的卵母细胞存活率、卵母细胞受精率和卵裂胚胎的发育质量。结果　第一极体位于 6点时的卵母细胞存活率、卵母细胞受精率、卵裂胚胎发育质量均略高于 12点位置 ,但差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　显微注射受精时的第一极体位置对卵母细胞的受精和胚胎发育的影响不大。     

表皮生长因子调节小鼠生发泡期卵母细胞发育成熟的实验研究

目的 :观察表皮生长因子 ( EGF)对生发泡期 ( GV期 )卵母细胞生发泡破裂( GVBD)、第一极体 ( FP)形成的影响。方法 :体外培养的昆明种雌性小鼠 GV期卵母细胞分为卵丘卵母细胞复合体 ( COC)组及去卵丘裸卵 ( DO)组 ,观察不同浓度 ( 0、2、5、1 0、1 5μg/ L ) EGF对体外培养 0、4、8、1 2、2 4、3 6、48h COC、DO各组 GVBD、FP形成的影响。结果 :( 1 ) EGF可促进 DO组的卵母细胞成熟分裂 ,培养 48h EGF各组与对照组相比 ,有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5) ;( 2 ) COC组培养 3 6h后 EGF各组成熟率均显著大于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5) ;( 3 )不论是否存在 EGF,COC组成熟分裂率均显著高于 DO组 ( P<0 .0 5) ;( 4)EGF作用呈剂量依赖性。结论 :EGF不仅可促进 COC组 GVBD发生、FP形成 ,而且可不通过卵丘细胞直接刺激卵母细胞成熟 ,EGF对 COC促进作用强于 DO,并呈剂量依赖性。     

茜草炭不同极性部位化学成分组成及保护氧化损伤活性比较

采用氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)损伤模型,MTT比色法测定细胞活力,评价茜草炭不同极性部位提取物的抗氧化损伤活性,同时采用超高效液相色谱与串联四级杆飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC-QTOF-MS)对各极性部位化学成分进行定性研究。结果显示,乙酸乙酯部位与正丁醇部位均可显著提高细胞活力(P0.01),石油醚部位对细胞活力影响不大,水提取部位对损伤的HUVECs有一定的抑制作用。UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析结果显示,从茜草炭4个极性部位提取物中共鉴定化合物32种,包括31种醌类及其糖苷类和1个烯萜(茜草哌唑嗪C),石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位、水提取部位分别鉴定出化合物23,32,26,15种。关联体外细胞实验结果表明,乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位为茜草炭抑制ox-LDL诱导HUVECs损伤的有效部位,为阐明茜草炭的药效物质基础提供科学依据,为茜草炭功效-物质相关性研究奠定基础。