苏木的研究进展

苏木具有活血化瘀、消肿止痛的功效.现代研究发现苏木有丰富的药理活性,临床常作外用.本文对苏木的化学成分、药理活性和临床应用进行综述,为以后的苏木相关实验研究提供参考.     

青龙藤提取物对糖尿病模型大鼠的降血糖作用

目的：探讨青龙藤提取物(BH)降低糖尿病模型大鼠的血糖作用。方法：将32只雄性Wistar大鼠随机均分成4组,正常对照组,其他3组以链脲佐菌素（STZ）制成接近于人1型糖尿病的大鼠糖尿病模型。3 d后经血糖测试仪检测,血糖含量>16.65 mmol•L^-1为制模成功。1组作为糖尿病模型对照组,另外2组7d后每天分别灌胃给予BH(465 mg•kg^-1)和消渴丸（XKW,625 mg•kg^-1）,连续5周给药。每周1次测定给药过程中各组大鼠血糖变化。注射STZ 3 d和实验结束后,采用放射免疫分析方法分别测定各组大鼠血清中胰岛素含量。实验结束后观察各组大鼠胰岛β细胞的形态变化。结果：给予BH和消渴丸5周后,糖尿病BH给药组大鼠血糖由(18.3±1.8)mmol•L^-1下降到(5.3±1.2) mmol• L^-1,消渴丸对照组血糖由（18.4±1.9）mmol•L^-1下降到(5.2±0.8) mmol•L^-１,两组与糖尿病模型对照组［(19.9±1.9) mmol•L^-1］比较差异均有显著性(P<0.001)。糖尿病BH给药组大鼠血清胰岛素含量由(18.8±2.3)mU• L^-1升高到（42.2±3.5）mU•L^-1, 消渴丸组大鼠血清胰岛素含量由(18.1±3.3)mU•L^-1升高到（40.9±3.7）mU•L^-1,两组与糖尿病模型对照组［(18.7±3.1) mU •L^-1］ 比较差异均有显著性（Ｐ<0.01）,且基本接近正常对照组。糖尿病模型组大鼠的胰岛变小,细胞萎缩,胞核固缩、消失,分泌颗粒减少。应用BH和消渴丸5周后,上述异常变化消失且胰岛细胞形态趋向正常。结论：BH对糖尿病大鼠有降低血糖、升高血清胰岛素、恢复和保护胰岛β细胞的作用。     

植物多糖对S_（180）细胞膜脂肪酸组成的影响

为了进一步探讨植物多糖与膜磷脂的关系，采用毛细管柱气相色谱法观察到在茯苓多糖（ＰＰＳ），刺五加多糖（ＡＳＰＳ）与Ｓ＿１８０细胞一同温育２４ｈ后，Ｓ＿１８０细胞膜中性脂的脂肪酸组成和不饱和性均未有明显变化。磷脂的脂肪酸组成发生明显改变，花生四烯酸（Ｃ＿（２０∶４），Ｐ＜０．０５）和豆蔻酸（Ｃ＿（１４∶０），Ｐ＜０．０１）的含量降低。上述结果与氨甲喋呤作用相似。讨论了膜磷脂脂肪酸组成变化的意义，认为在ＰＰＳ、ＡＳＰＳ的抗肿瘤机理中，细胞膜磷脂生化特性的改变是重要环节。     

Economic burden of acute pesticide poisoning in South Korea

Objectives To investigate the magnitude and characteristics of the economic burden resulting from acute pesticide poisoning (APP) in South Korea. Methods The total costs of APP from a societal perspective were estimated by summing the direct medical and non‐medical costs together with the indirect costs. Direct medical costs for patients assigned a disease code of pesticide poisoning were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Reimbursement Data. Direct non‐medical costs were estimated using the average transportation and caregiving costs from the Korea Health Panel Survey. Indirect costs, incurred by pre‐mature deaths and work loss, were obtained using 2009 Life Tables for Korea and other relevant literature. Results In 2009, a total of 11 453 patients were treated for APP and 1311 died, corresponding to an incidence of 23.1 per 100 000 population and a mortality rate of 2.6 per 100 000 population in South Korea. The total costs of APP were estimated at approximately US$ 150 million, 0.3% of the costs of total diseases. Costs due to pre‐mature mortality accounted for 90.6% of the total costs, whereas the contribution of direct medical costs was relatively small. Conclusion Costs from APP demonstrate a unique characteristic of a large proportion of the indirect costs originating from pre‐mature mortality. This finding suggests policy implications for restrictions on lethal pesticides and safe storage to reduce fatality and cost due to APP.     

Removal of Nitrosamines from Waste Water by Potassium Ferrate Oxidation

Potassium ferrate (K₂FeO₄) is useful in the advanced treatment of waste water. Additional evidence of this capability is presented in this study. Potassium ferrate is a very strong oxidant and is highly soluble in water. The nitrosamine studied in this work was toxic and was a potent pancreatic tumorigen in laboratory animals. Nitrosamines, which are potent carcinogens, are widespread throughout the environment and can be eliminated from waste water effluent by the action of potassium ferrate. Potassium ferrate and the nitrosamine was placed in aqueous solution and allowed to react to completion. Analysis by photospectroscopy revealed that the nitrosamine was completely degraded. This result suggests that potassium ferrate is useful for decontamination of some waste water collections.     

Intentional ingestion of cyanoacrylate

Abstract

Background. Diphenidine (1-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperidine) and its 2-methoxylated derivative methoxphenidine (MXP, 2-MeO-diphenidine) are substances with dissociative effects that were recently introduced for “recreational” purpose through the online-based sale of new psychoactive substances (NPS). A number of analytically confirmed non-fatal intoxications associated with diphenidine or MXP have occurred in Sweden and were included in the STRIDA project. Study design. Observational case series of consecutive patients with admitted or suspected intake of NPS and requiring intensive treatment in an emergency room and hospitalization in Sweden. Patients and methods. Blood and urine samples were collected from intoxicated patients presenting at emergency departments all over the country. NPS analysis was performed by multi-component liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods. Data on clinical features were collected during telephone consultations with the Poisons Information Centre and retrieved from medical records. Information was also obtained from online drug discussion forums. Case series. Over a 12-month period from January to December 2014, 750 cases of suspected NPS intoxication originating from emergency departments were enrolled in the STRIDA project of which 14 (1.9%) tested positive for diphenidine and 3 (0.4%) tested positive for MXP. Co-exposure to several other NPS (e.g., 5-/6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran, 2-4-bromomethcathinone, butylone, 3,4-dichloromethylphenidate, 5-methoxy-N-isopropyltryptamine, methiopropamine, and α-pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone), also including other dissociative substances (3-/4-methoxyphencyclidine), and classical drugs of abuse (e.g., cannabis and ethanol) was documented in 87% of these cases. The 17 patients were aged 20–48 (median: 32) years, and 13 (76%) were men. They commonly presented with hypertension (76%), tachycardia (47%), anxiety (65%), and altered mental status (65%) including confusion, disorientation, dissociation, and/or hallucinations. Eight patients (47%) displayed severe intoxication (Poisoning Severity Score 3). The diphenidine- or MXP-positive patients required hospitalization for 1–3 (median: 2) days. In addition to standard supportive therapy, half of the cases were treated with benzodiazepines and/or propofol. Conclusion. The adverse effects noted in analytically confirmed cases of NPS intoxication involving diphenidine or MXP were similar to those reported for other dissociative substances such as ketamine and methoxetamine. However, the high proportion of polysubstance use might have played a role in the intoxication and clinical features in some cases.     

Combinations of ezetimibe with nonstatin drug regimens affecting lipid metabolism

In this article we discuss the available data on the effects of combined therapy of ezetimibe with agents affecting lipid metabolism other than statins. We consider studies evaluating the effects of combined therapy of ezetimibe with bile acid sequestrants, fenofibrate, niacin, n-3 fatty acids, plant sterols, orlistat, metformin, acarbose and glitazones. Combination of ezetimibe with bile acid sequestrants (especially colesevelam) was shown to have additional effects on lipid parameters in patients with hyperlipidemia. Combination of ezetimibe with fenofibrate may be a good approach to improve the overall lipid profile of patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. The addition of ezetimibe to niacin-based therapy can be useful for high-risk patients with dyslipidemia who are not achieving their assigned treatment goals. For patients who cannot tolerate statins there are useful combinations of ezetimibe with other drugs affecting lipid metabolism. These combinations improve many metabolic parameters, but more trials should be carried out to reach more robust conclusions about their effects on cardiovascular disease prevention.     

新型颈椎3D打印多孔椎间融合器的三维有限元分析

背景:颈椎前路椎间盘切除减压融合内固定已成为目前临床上常用的手术,但是传统融合器的上下弧度难以与上下终板保持完全一致,容易引起椎间融合器沉降等一系列相关并发症,作者所在课题组研究出与上下终板保持一致的新型颈椎3D打印多孔椎间融合器.目的:通过三维有限元分析法评价新型颈椎3D打印多孔椎间融合器的力学特点,为临床应用和进一...     

石松目植物主要元素含量变化与分类群关系的研究

作者采用 Carlo Erba 1106或1500型自动元素分析仪测定了石松科与石杉科5属26种(21种5变种或变型)植物全草样品中 C,H,N 和 O 的含量。分析了不同季节、不同地区和不同植株等因素对植物元素含量变化的影响和元素含量的变化与植物分类群(种或种下分类群)之间的关系。结果表明,采集样品的季节对植物元素含量有一定的影响,尤其是生长期长的营养器官(枝叶、茎或草本植物的全草);而植物的产地、植株等因素几无影响;不同植物分类群的元素含量的变化与形态学之间有一定的关系,即形态上易区分的分类群,元素含量的变化较大,反之亦然。值得进一步深入系统地研究两者之间的关系,这将为植物分类学增添新的科学佐证。     

PI control based on parameter space approach supported metaheuristic optimization algorithms and ANFIS in a natural gas combined cycle power plant

In this article, proportional-integral (PI) control to ensure stable operation of a steam turbine in a natural gas combined cycle power plant is investigated, since active power control is very important due to the constantly changing power flow differences between supply and demand in power systems. For this purpose, an approach combining stability and optimization in PI control of a steam turbine in a natural gas combined cycle power plant is proposed. First, the regions of the PI controller, which will stabilize this power plant system in closed loop, are obtained by parameter space approach method. In the next step of this article, it is aimed to find the best parameter values of the PI controller, which stabilizes the system in the parameter space, with artificial intelligence-based control and metaheuristic optimization. Through parameter space approach, the proposed optimization algorithms limit the search space to a stable region. The controller parameters are examined with Particle Swarm Optimization based PI, artificial bee colony based PI, genetic algorithm based PI, gray wolf optimization based PI, equilibrium optimization based PI, atom search optimization based PI, coronavirus herd immunity optimization based PI, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system based PI (ANFIS-PI) algorithms. The optimized PI controller parameters are applied to the system model, and the transient responses performances of the system output signals are compared. Comparison results of all these methods based on parameter space approach that guarantee stability for this power plant system are presented. According to the results, ANFIS- PI controller is better than other methods.