Longitudinal Changes in Muscle Mass,Muscle Strength,and Physical Performance in Acutely Hospitalized Older Adults

ObjectivesAcute hospitalization may lead to a decrease in muscle measures, but limited studies are reporting on the changes after discharge. The aim of this study was to determine longitudinal changes in muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in acutely hospitalized older adults from admission up to 3 months post-discharge.DesignA prospective observational cohort study was conducted.Setting and ParticipantsThis study included 401 participants aged ≥70 years who were acutely hospitalized in 6 hospitals. All variables were assessed at hospital admission, discharge, and 1 and 3 months post-discharge.MethodsMuscle mass in kilograms was assessed by multifrequency Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis (MF-BIA) (Bodystat; Quadscan 4000) and muscle strength by handgrip strength (JAMAR). Chair stand and gait speed test were assessed as part of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Norm values were based on the consensus statement of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People.ResultsA total of 343 acute hospitalized older adults were included in the analyses with a mean (SD) age of 79.3 (6.6) years, 49.3% were women. From admission up to 3 months post-discharge, muscle mass (?0.1 kg/m²; P = .03) decreased significantly and muscle strength (?0.5 kg; P = .08) decreased nonsignificantly. The chair stand (+0.7 points; P < .001) and gait speed test (+0.9 points; P < .001) improved significantly up to 3 months post-discharge. At 3 months post-discharge, 80%, 18%, and 43% of the older adults scored below the cutoff points for muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, respectively.Conclusions and ImplicationsPhysical performance improved during and after acute hospitalization, although muscle mass decreased, and muscle strength did not change. At 3 months post-discharge, muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance did not reach normative levels on a population level. Further research is needed to examine the role of exercise interventions for improving muscle measures and physical performance after hospitalization.     

Testing the Implementation of Function-focused Care in Assisted Living Settings

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the Function-Focused Care for Assisted Living Using the Evidence Integration Triangle (FFC-AL-EIT) intervention.DesignFFC-AL-EIT was a randomized controlled pragmatic trial including 85 sites and 794 residents.InterventionFFC-AL-EIT was implemented by a Research Nurse Facilitator working with a facility champion and stakeholder team for 12 months to increase function and physical activity among residents. FFC-AL-EIT included (Step I) Environment and Policy Assessments; (Step II) Education; (Step III) Establishing Resident Function-Focused Care Service Plans; and (Step IV) Mentoring and Motivating.Setting and ParticipantsThe age of participants was 89.48 years [standard deviation (SD) = 7.43], and the majority were female (n = 561; 71%) and white (n = 771; 97%).MethodsResident measures, obtained at baseline, 4, and 12 months, included function, physical activity, and performance of function-focused care. Setting outcomes, obtained at baseline and 12 months, included environment and policy assessments and service plans.ResultsReach was based on 85 of 90 sites that volunteered (94%) participating. Effectiveness was based on less decline in function (P < .001), more function-focused care (P = .012) and better environment (P = .032) and policy (P = .003) support for function-focused care in treatment sites. Adoption was supported with 10.00 (SD = 2.00) monthly meetings held, 77% of settings engaged in study activities as or more than expected, and direct care workers providing function-focused care (63% to 68% at 4 months and 90% at 12 months). The intervention was implemented as intended, and education was received based on a mean knowledge test score of 88% correct. Evidence of maintenance from 12 to 18 months was noted in treatment site environments (P = .35) and policies continuing to support function-focused care (P = .28)].Conclusions and ImplicationsThe Evidence Integration Triangle is an effective implementation approach for assisted living. Future work should continue to consider innovative approaches for measuring RE-AIM outcomes.     

天津市企事业单位职工检后服务支付意愿及影响因素研究

目的 分析天津市企事业单位职工检后服务支付意愿及影响因素,为健康体检产业发展及政策制定提供实证依据。方法 于2018年12月至2019年5月利用简单随机抽样方法,通过问卷调查和条件价值询价法收集天津市企事业单位职工相关资料信息及支付意愿,利用Cox回归模型进行影响因素分析。结果 共有效调查221名天津市企事业单位职工,平均年龄（32.9±0.6）岁,男性居多（占56.1%）,支付意愿中位数为350（300,400）元。硕士及以上学历（HR=0.261,95%CI：0.079~0.861）、个人付费（HR=0.365,95%CI：0.151~0.946）、既往满意度非常满意（HR=6.07e^-17,95%CI：5.14e^-18~7.17e^-16）、既往满意度一般（HR=0.219,95%CI：0.057~0.845）的职工不愿意支付的可能性低;对检后服务了解一般（HR=2.949,95%CI：1.249~6.964）与不了解（HR=2.416,95%CI：1.068~5.745）、归属感一般（HR=3.410,95%CI：1.392~8.357）与归属感弱（HR=18.168,95%CI：3.911~84.408）的职工不愿意支付的可能性高（P<0.05）。结论 天津市企事业单位职工检后服务支付意愿较高,文化程度、检后服务了解状况、付费方式、既往满意程度和职工归属感是影响支付意愿的重要因素。     

张家界市76例新型冠状病毒Delta变异株感染病例的临床特征

 目的 分析新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2） Delta变异株感染病例的临床特征,为Delta感染病例的防治提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析2021年7—8月湖南师范大学附属张家界医院收治的76例SARS-CoV-2变异株Delta感染病例的临床特征。结果 本次疫情涉及17个家庭,8个工作环境和场地中的76例感染者,平均年龄为（34.7±18.1）岁,高发于15~49岁人群。无症状感染者4例（5.26%）,轻型17例（22.37%）,普通型50例（65.79%）,重型4例（5.26%）,危重型1例（1.32%）;76例Delta感染者中SARS-CoV-2核酸最低Ct值N值17.5,Lab值16.25,平均SARS-CoV-2核酸持续阳性时间为34.5 d,其中23例出院7 d后再次出现SARS-CoV-2核酸Ct值阳性。主要临床表现为发热和咳嗽。感染早期98.68%的患者血常规中白细胞计数正常或降低,11.84%患者天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）/丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）出现轻度升高,少数患者肌酐和心肌酶出现异常;血沉（ESR）、降钙素原（PCT）和C反应蛋白（CRP）升高的比率分别为58.21%、5.26%和31.58%。其中55例（73.37%）出现肺部病变,以沿胸膜下分布的磨玻璃样影改变为主要影像学特点,部分病例合并胸腔积液和实变。结论 Delta感染者体内病毒载量高,核酸转阴时间长,主要临床表现为发热、咳嗽,早期可伴AST/ALT升高。     

自动屏气控制器在CT冠状动脉造影检查中的设计与应用

目的:设计一种自动屏气控制器,并评价其在CT冠状动脉造影检查中的应用效果。方法:前瞻性抽取在医院拟行CT冠状动脉检查的242例患者,采用随机数表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组121例。在冠状动脉造影检查中对照组患者采取常规自行屏气或捏鼻方式屏气,观察组患者采用自动屏气控制器协助屏气,比较两组患者检查完成平均时间、检查一次性成功率及图像质量。结果:观察组患者检查平均所需时间为(7.1±0.6)min,对照组平均所需时间为(9.1±0.9)min,观察组明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=20.009,P<0.05);观察组检查一次性成功率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x²=11.322,P<0.05);观察组图像质量优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(x²=9.422,P<0.05)。结论:自动夹鼻器应用简便、能有效控制患者呼吸,提高图像质量,缩短检查时间,从而提高工作效率。     

早期被动操结合主动运动训练对早产/低体重儿体格及智能发育的影响研究

目的 分析早期被动操结合主动运动训练对早产/低体重儿体格及神经心理发育的影响,为其在早产/低体重儿体格及神经心理发育中的促进作用提供循证依据。方法 选取 2017年7月—2019年7月在金安区妇幼保健院高危儿门诊建档的218名早产/低体重儿作为研究对象,根据家长是否按照要求坚持对早产/低体重儿进行早期(校正6月龄前)被动操及主动运动训练的频率和持续时间不同进行分组,采用Gesell发育量表对研究对象进行神经心理发育评估,比较各组校正6月龄、12月龄时体格发育及Gesell评分情况。结果 早期被动操及主动运动训练频率越高及持续时间越长,早产/低体重儿在校正6月龄与12月龄时其体格测量值及智能发育商数越高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。与训练频率≤1 d/周组相比,除校正6月龄头围外,训练频率2～3 d/周组及≥4 d/周组的早产/低体重儿在校正6月龄及12月龄时体重、身长和头围测量值及适应能力、大运动、精细动作能区发育商数更高(P＜0.05);与持续时间0～2个月组相比,持续时间5～6个月组的早产/低体重儿在校正6月龄及12月龄时体重、身长及适应能力、精细动作、社交行为等能区发育商数更高(P＜0.05)。结论 家长坚持给予早产/低体重儿做被动操及主动运动训练对其体格和神经心理发育具有一定的促进作用。     

重点高中生的心理状态与高考成绩的相关性研究

目的;了解重点高中学生的心理状态与高考成绩之间的关系。方法：以398例应届生为对象,应用16PF人格测验,气质测量工具（STI,TTI）及焦虑自评量表（SAS）,对考生进行测试分析,结果：文理科学生的16PF的人格特质有明显的差别,判别分析和多因素回归分析显示16PF人格特质中的Q1因素（实验性F＝8．76,P＜0．01）,Q2因素（独立性F＝8．23,P＜0．01）,与高考成绩呈正相关,与M因素（幻想性F＝4．88,P＜0．01）,呈负相关;气质中的神经过程灵活性（F＝8．15,P＜0．01）和时间特质中的灵活性（F＝12．36,P＜0．01）与高才成绩呈正相关。结论：高考生的实验性,独立性高分及幻想性低分的个性特质和气质上的灵活性有助于高考成绩的发挥,学生文理科分班宜参考学生人格特质这一特点,。     

ADA，CEA、CA对癌性与结核性胸水的鉴别

目的：探讨腺苷氨酶（adnosine deaminase,ADA),癌胚抗原（carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA),糖类抗原（carbohydrate antigen,CA)对癌性与结核性胸水的鉴别意义,方法：对3年来确诊的结核性胸水53例,癌性胸液43例患者的胸水标本进行检测,结果：在结核性胸液中,ADA均值显著高于其在癌性胸水中的均值（P＜0．01）,而且检测的敏感性,特异性和准确性较其他指标均高（P＜0．01）,在癌性胸液中,CEA,CA50,CA125,CA199,CA211的均值较它们在结核性胸液中的均值显著升高（P＜0．01,P＜0．05）,结论：在癌性与结核性胸水的鉴别中,对ADA和CA211的联合检测,在胸水性质的鉴别中比其它指标更有意义。     

二维超声诊断胎儿脐带绕颈136例分析

目的 了解胎儿脐带绕颈时对胎儿安危及窘迫和缺氧的影响程度。方法 采用日本Aloka-630型超声诊断仪,孕妇孕周为28-42周。结果 二维超声诊断胎儿脐带绕颈136例,经分娩证实129例。符合率94.85%。结论 二维超声诊断与分娩后证实比较,超声是诊断脐带绕颈的可靠方法之一。为分娩方式提供依据。