Detection of traumatic myocardial injury by means of simultaneous T1-201/Tc-99m pyrophosphate tomography--report of three cases

Trauma to the chest can result in cardiac damage, which maybe missed by clinical examination because of associated injuries.Routinely performed non-invasive tests may also be non-diagnostic.Tc-99m pyrophos-phate (PPi) tomography, in this study combinedwith T1-201, is a promising addition to non-invasive evaluation.In three patients with cardiac injury, this technique successfullydetected and localized myocardial necrosis.     

IL-2联合吡柔比星膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌复发

目的：探讨生物制剂联合化疗药物膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌术后复发的机制。方法：对比研究白细胞介素2（IL－2）和吡柔比星联合膀胱灌注与单用吡柔比星膀胱灌注前后患者血、尿肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和血IL－2受体的动态变化。结果：联合膀胱灌注组的TNF和IL－2受体水平显著高于吡柔比星组（P＜0．01）。结论：联合灌注组机体的细胞免疫功能得到更好改善,IL－2增加肿瘤细胞对免疫反应的应答,两者间有免疫促进及协同作用。     

中脑导水管周围灰质内注射抗强啡肽血清对神经降压素镇痛作用的影响

目的：探讨大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质（PAG）内内源性强啡肽对神经降压素（NT）镇痛作用的影响。方法：以钾离子透入法引起大鼠甩尾反应的电流强度（mA)为痛行为反应的指标,观察向PAG内注入NT,抗神经降压素血清和抗强啡肽A1－13血清对动物痛阈的影响。结果：PAG内注入NT后,大鼠痛阈明显升高;注入抗神经降压素血清后,大鼠痛阈则明显降低,而注入抗强啡肽血清后,对NT的镇痛效应无显著影响,结论：PAG内NT在痛觉调制中发挥着重要的作用,且其作用不依赖于PAG内的内源性强啡肽。     

Effects of chronic treatment with valproate on serotonin-1A receptor binding and function

Valproate is effective in treating bipolar disorder characterized by rapid cycling or acute mania, although the mechanism of action is unclear. In contrast to other treatments for depression, 21 days of treatment in rats with valproate (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg) did not significantly alter the hypothermia induced by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl)aminotetralin (8-OH-DPAT), an agonist at serotonin-1A receptors. Treatment with valproate also had no effect on radioligand binding to serotonin-1A, serotonin-2 or -adrenergic receptors. Based on these animal studies in frontal cortex and hippocampus, the therapeutic benefit of valproate in mood disorders does not appear to involve adaptive changes in serotonin-1A, serotonin-2 or -adrenergic receptor number.     

Neurotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of ventriculolumbar perfusion of methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-gluco-pyranoside (MCNU) in dogs

Summary Ventriculolumbar perfusion of methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU), a water soluble nitrosourea with log P-0.71, may be efficacious in the treatment of subarachnoid dissemination of malignant glioma. We used 2 dogs to study the neurotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of MCNU. MCNU (1 mg), dissolved in 10 ml of artificial CSF, was administered via the right lateral ventricle during a period of 18 to 42 min and the CSF was drained by lumbar puncture. The perfusion was repeated once a week for 10 consecutive weeks. No neurological and systemic symptoms were noted after perfusion. Histological examination of the brain and spinal cord showed local denudation of the ependyma and local subependymal spongy degeneration and gliosis in the lateral ventricle into which MCNU was administered in one dog and local denudation of the ependyma in the other. When administration was over a period of 21 to 38 min, the MCNU concentration in the lumbar CSF peaked at 11.11 to 50.67 g/ml, in 28 to 78 min. The area under the drug concentration-time curve (AUC) was 1152 g×min/ml on average, significantly larger than that of ACNU. The elimination phase followed linear kinetics and the half-time was 41.1 min on average, significantly longer than that of ACNU. These findings suggest that ventriculolumbar perfusion of MCNU may be effective in the treatment of subarachnoid dissemination of malignant glioma notwithstanding some local histological changes.     

In vivo comparison of the effects of inhibition of MAO-A versus MAO-B on striatal L-DOPA and dopamine metabolism

Summary Utilizing the cerebral microdialysis technique, we have compared in vivo the effects of selective MAO-A, MAO-B, and nonselective MAO inhibitors on striatal extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) and DA metabolites (DOPAC and HVA). The measurements were made in rats both under basal conditions and following L-DOPA administration. Extracellular levels of dopamine were enhanced and DA metabolite levels strongly inhibited both under basal conditions and following L-DOPA administration by pretreatment with the nonselective MAO inhibitor pargyline and the MAO-A selective inhibitors clorgyline and Ro 41-1049. The MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl had no effect on basal DA, HVA, or DOPAC levels. Nervertheless, deprenyl significantly increased DA and decreased DOPAC levels following exogenous L-DOPA administration, a finding compatible with a significant glial metabolism of DA formed from exogenous L-DOPA. We conclude that DA metabolism underbasal conditions is primarily mediated by MAO-A. In contrast, both MAO-A and MAO-B mediate DA formation when L-DOPA is administered exogenously. The efficacy of newer, reversible agents which lack the cheese effect such as Ro 41-1049 are comparable to the irreversible MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline. The possible relevance of these findings for the treatment of Parkinson's disease is discussed.     

Iodine-123-labelled fatty acids for myocardial single-photon emission tomography: current status and future perspectives

Renewed interest in the clinical use of iodine-123-labelled fatty acids is currently primarily focused on the use of iodine-123-labelled 15-(p-iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid (IPPA) and modified fatty acid analogues such as 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-R,S-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) which show delayed myocardial clearance, thus permitting single-photon emission tomographic imaging. Interest in the use of BMIPP and similar agents results from the differences which have often been observed in various types of heart disease between regional myocardial uptake patterns of [¹²³I]BMIPP and flow tracer distribution. Although the physiological basis is not completely understood, differences between regional fatty acid and flow tracer distribution may reflect alterations in important parameters of metabolism which can be useful for patient management or therapy planning. These tracers may also represent unique metabolic probes for correlation of energy substrate metabolism with regional myocardial viability. The two agents currently most widely used clinically are¹²³I-labelled IPPA and BMIPP. While [¹²³I]IPPA is commercially available as a radiopharmaceutical in Europe (Cygne) and Canada (Nordion), multicenter trials are in progress in the United States as a prelude to approval for broad use. [¹²³I]BMIPP was recently introduced as Cardiodine for commercial distribution in Japan (Nihon Medi-Physics, Inc.). [¹²³I]BMIPP is also being used in clinical studies on an institutional approval basis at several institutions in Europe and the United States. In this review, the development of a variety of radioiodinated fatty acids is discussed. The results of clinical trials with [¹²³I]IPPA and [¹²³I]BMIPP are discussed in detail, as are the future prospects for fatty acid imaging.     

碱离子水饮用后血小板聚集率的的变化(附30例报告)

目的:报告30例饮用豪斯牌碱离子水前、后血小板聚集率的变化。方法:饮用碱离子水前、后(2～3月,>3～6月)作比浊法血小板聚集试验,以1分钟、5分钟及5分钟内最大聚集率(Max％)为指标,同时检测部分血粘度指标及凝血因子,并用自动生化仪检测血糖、血脂、主要电解质及部分肝、肾功能。结果:饮碱离子水后,血小板聚集率明显下降,而以疾病组(Max>80％)下降尤为明显,P均<0.001。饮碱离子水后血小板聚集率的下降,部分可能与损伤的血管内皮得到修复有关。主要电解质及部分肝、肾功能无明显异常改变。结论:由于心、脑血管血栓性疾病患者血小板聚集率多明显升高,饮碱离子水后血小板聚集率明显下降,且长期饮用对主要电解质及部分肝、肾功能无明显异常改变,作者认为碱离子水使用方例、安全、有效、价廉,因而对心、脑血管血栓性疾病防治方面可能是一种积极的辅助方法,值得临床进一步探索。     

Auswirkungen von Argon-Gasembolien während eines PneumoperitoneumsRID="*"ID="*"Die Studie wurde zum Teil gefördert von der DFG (Bo 1329/8–1)

Zusammenfassung. In einer experimentellen Studie wurde bei 10 Schweinen mit einem mittleren K?rpergewicht von 18,9 (15–24) kg eine intraven?se CO₂- oder Argon-Embolie mit 10, 20 und 30 ml Gas durchgeführt. Das invasive Monitoring zeigte bei der Gasembolie mit Argon im Gegensatz zur Gasembolie mit CO₂ einen st?rkeren Anstieg des pulmonal arteriellen Drucks (p < 0,001), einen st?rkeren Abfall des endexspiratorischen CO₂ (p < 0,01), des Herzminutenvolumens (p < 0,01) und des mittleren arteriellen Drucks (p < 0,01). In der Argon-Gruppe (n = 5) starben zwei Tiere nach 20 bzw. 30 ml Bolusgabe. Ein weiteres Tier konnte nach Gabe von 30 ml Bolus erfolgreich reanimiert werden. In der CO₂-Gruppe (n = 5) starb weder eines der Tiere noch war eine Reanimation erforderlich. Wenig l?sliche Gase wie Argon sollten in Situationen mit erh?htem Risiko einer Gasembolie nicht angewendet werden. ID=" Dr. T. Junghans Klinik f&uuml;r Allgemein-, Visceral-, Gef&auml;&szlig;- und Thoraxchirurgie Universit&auml;tsklinikum Medizinische Fakult&auml;t der Humboldt-Universit&auml;t Campus Charit&eacute; Mitte Schumannstra&szlig;e 20/21 D-10117 Berlin     

Liver Targeting of Interferon Through Pullulan Conjugation

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to actively target interferon (IFN) to the liver through its chemical conjugation with pullulan, a water-soluble polysaccharide with a high affinity for the liver. Methods. Chemical conjugation of IFN with pullulan was achieved by a cyanuric chloride method. Following intravenous injection of the conjugates to mice, their body distribution and the activity of an IFN-induced enzyme, 2,5-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase in the liver and other organs, were evaluated. Results. The cyanuric chloride method enabled us to prepare an IFN-pullulan conjugate that retained approximately 7–9 % of the biological activity of IFN. Pullulan conjugation enhanced the liver accumulation of IFN and the retention period with the results being reproducible. When injected intravenously to mice, the IFN-pullulan conjugate enhanced the activity of 2-5A synthetase in the liver. The activity could be induced at IFN doses much lower than those of free IFN injection. In addition, the liver 2-5A synthetase induced by conjugate injection was retained for 3 days, whereas it was lost within the first day for the free IFN-injected mice. Conclusions. IFN-pullulan conjugation was promising for IFN targeting to the liver with efficient exertion of its antiviral activity therein.