葛根芩连汤及其合方治疗急性胃肠炎研究进展

急性胃肠炎指胃肠黏膜急性炎症,多表现为腹泻、腹痛、呕吐、发热等,甚者可出现脱水、电解质紊乱、休克等,危及生命。其发病机制尚不完全清楚,认为可能与感染、炎症、肠道菌群、黏膜屏障、免疫功能等有关。现代医学治疗胃肠炎虽能控制病情,但易致胃肠损伤,存在不良反应。中医在提高疗效,降低不良反应方面有着独特的优势。急性胃肠炎属中医“泄泻”“霍乱”范畴,其中湿热内蕴型为其典型病机之一。葛根芩连汤出自《伤寒论》,是张机治疗湿热下利的经典方剂,具有清热化湿、厚肠止利之效。通过文献梳理发现,该方治疗胃肠炎的机制主要与防止病原体侵害、减少炎症反应、调节肠道菌群、改善黏膜屏障、抑制胃肠运动、增强免疫功能等有关。结合胃肠炎的发病机制,对葛根芩连汤的临床应用、作用机制等方面进行综述,以期为其临床治疗胃肠炎提供新依据。     

黄芪甲苷抗肿瘤作用机制研究进展

黄芪甲苷是从黄芪Astragali Radix中提取得到的皂苷类化合物,是黄芪的主要有效成分之一,具有抗炎、抗氧化、免疫调节、调节代谢及抗肿瘤等药理作用,近年来在抗肿瘤领域备受关注。研究发现黄芪甲苷能抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,进一步抑制肺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌等癌症进展。其抗肿瘤作用机制主要有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、阻滞细胞周期进程、抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭等,此外还发现黄芪甲苷能在一定程度上增强抗肿瘤药物敏感性和提高机体免疫力。黄芪甲苷可通过多种途径发挥抗肿瘤作用,在抗肿瘤治疗领域有广阔的应用前景。对其抗肿瘤作用及机制进行综述,以期为临床的肿瘤治疗提供新的理论支持与借鉴。     

Improving community health and social care practitioners’ confidence,perceived competence and intention to use behaviour change techniques in health behaviour change conversations

Community health and social care practitioners play an increasingly important role in the health promotion agenda, but lack confidence in having effective health behaviour change (HBC) conversations with members of the public. This study reports the development and evaluation of a training intervention based on health psychology to improve health and social care practitioner self-rated confidence, competence and intention to use five behaviour change techniques (BCTs) in their HBC conversations. A 2-day behavioural science interprofessional skills training course plus online learning module was designed for health and social care staff across North East Scotland, teaching five evidence-based BCTs (e.g. Action Planning), plus person-centred communication skills. Participants rated confidence, competence and future intention to use the BCTs on likert scales (1–10) pre-course and post-course, and provided acceptability data. 177 participants aged 20–64 took part, qualitative and quantitative data suggested that the course had high acceptability. Paired samples t tests (n = 120 with complete data) showed significant improvements in confidence, competence and intention following the course, which remained significant with a conservative analysis (n = 174) assuming no change for missing data. Perceived competence in Action Planning increased most during the course (mean change 3.09). In conclusion, health psychology-based skills training can improve practitioner confidence, competence and intention to use evidence-based BCTs; further evaluation is needed to assess practice change.     

芒果苷的药效作用研究进展

芒果苷是一种天然存在的C-葡萄糖基黄酮,是有效的药用化合物,可以从多种植物中分离提取得到。研究表明,芒果苷具有治疗糖尿病、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、治疗眼部疾病、神经系统保护、肾脏保护、改善心血管疾病等作用。由于其具有众多的生物活性,对预防和治疗多种疾病有巨大潜力。本文对近年来芒果苷的药效学研究进展及其作用机制进行综述,以期为芒果苷的进一步研究和利用提供科学依据。     

土茯苓对细胞免疫和体液免疫的影响

土茯苓水提取物在抗原致敏后及攻击后给药均明显地抑制了picryl chloride(PC)所致的小鼠接触性皮炎(PC-DTH)和绵羊红细胞(SRBC)所致的足蹠反应(SRBC-DTH),其中攻击后给药时作用较强.土茯苓还明显地抑制了二甲苯所致的耳壳及蛋清所致的小鼠足蹠炎症反应。此外,土茯苓对小鼠抗SR-BC 抗体形成的细胞数(IgM-及IgG-PFC 数)无明显影响,但其溶血空斑明显地较对照组为大,同时,血清溶血素水平未见降低,而呈增加趋势。以上结果表明,土茯苓对体液免疫反应无抑制作用,但可选择性地抑制细胞免疫反应,后者主要系影响致敏T 淋巴细胞释放淋巴因子以后的炎症过程。     

Analysis of types of chromosomal aberrations following the combined action of chemical mutagens

Types of chromosomal aberrations in cultures of human lymphocytes exposed to the combined action of various concentrations of thiophosphamide and dipin, with different proportions of each, were studied. The mutagens acted on the G₀ stage. The range of concentrations used was from 3.17·10^–5 to 22.19·10^–5M. Equimolar concentrations of thiophosphamide inhibited more chromatid exchanges and fewer sister-strand (isolocus) unions than dipin, and it also induced a greater proportion of single breaks and a greater proportion of breaks in chromatid exchanges relative to the total number of chromosome breaks. Both the absolute and the relative frequencies of chromosomal aberrations depended on the concentration of the mutagens. A change in the ratio between thiophosphamide and dipin, if the total number of molecules of the two mutagens at the different concentration levels remained constant, gave rise to an effect whose level was between the effects of action of equimolar concentrations of the pure mutagens. This effect depended on the proportion of each mutagen in the combined treatment. It is concluded that the action of thiophosphamide and dipin is additive.Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. V. Smol'yannikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 79–81, January, 1978.     

Effects of 4-aminopyridine on contractile response and action potential of rabbit papillary muscle

The effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) were studied on isolated papillary muscles from the heart of reserpinized rabbits (at 37°C). The preparations were paced to contract at 0.67 Hz under isometric conditions and the muscle length was adjusted to 95 % of the length for optimum force production. Simultaneous recordings of isometric force and membrane potentials were performed. 4-AP (50 μM) increased peak force by approximately 20% of the control and prolonged the action potential by 20%. Higher concentrations of 4-AP (800 μ.M) resulted in further increments of force and action potential duration (60 and 70% of controls, respectively). Prolongation of the action potential and potentiation of the isometric force was still present one hour after withdrawal of the drug from the perfusate. The results are consistent with the view that 4-AP prolongs the action potential by inhibiting the late repolarizing potassium current. It is suggested that the calcium uptake by the ventricular cell during the prolonged action potential is increased and that this leads to the positive inotropic effect.     

基于ERAS理念的HAPA模型健康教育在肝切除术中的应用效果

目的 探讨基于加速康复外科（ERAS）理念的健康行动过程取向（HAPA）模型健康教育在肝切除术中的应用效果。方法 选取2020年1月至2022年6月在湖北省荆州市第一人民医院行肝切除术的患者90例,按照随机数字表法,分为干预组和对照组,每组45例。对照组给予常规健康教育,干预组给予基于ERAS理念的HAPA模型健康教育,比较两组患者术后身体体征恢复情况、自我效能感、健康行为、自我管理能力差异。结果 干预组患者首次活动时间为（23.87±4.32）min、首次进食时间为（9.87±2.67）h、首次通气时间为（45.28±4.32）min、引流管拔管时间为（22.45±4.25）h、住院时间为（10.53±2.85）d,均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;干预后,干预组患者自我效能感量表、健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ、成年人健康自我管理能力测评量表评分均高于对照组,且干预前后各指标差值比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 肝切除术患者采用基于ERAS理念的HAPA模型健康教育干预,能够提高术后身体体征恢复效率,改善患者自我效能感、健康行为及自我管理能力。     

菝葜三种提取物活血化瘀药理作用研究

目的研究菝葜的活血化瘀药理作用.方法菝葜水煎液(Ⅰ)、正丁醇萃取物(Ⅱ)、正丁醇萃取剩余物(Ⅲ)高(100g/kg)、低(50 g/kg)剂量对小白鼠灌胃给药7 d后,眼眶取血,采用凝固比浊法测定APTT、PT,采用derive法测定FIB;全自动血细胞计数仪测定血小板数,采用比浊法体外测定Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ对人血小板的聚集功能Ma、M1、V1的影响.结果100 g/kg剂量的Ⅰ和Ⅲ能显著延长APTT(P＜0.05),50～100 g/kg剂量的Ⅲ能使FIB显著增加(P＜0.05),而50 g/kg剂量的Ⅱ能使FIB显著减少(P＜0.05).稀释8倍后的Ⅰ和Ⅱ能抑制体外的血小板聚集功能,特别是对V1的影响更显著(P＜0.01),但三者对血小板数无明显影响.结论菝葜具有明显活血化瘀的药理作用,其作用机制可能与抑制血小板聚集和延长内源性凝血时间及影响纤维蛋白原生成有关.     

氧化槐定碱对小鼠中枢神经系统的影响

目的 探讨氧化槐定碱对中枢神经系统的影响。方法 采用行为药理学方法观察并测定氧化槐定碱对阈剂量和阈下剂量戊巴比妥催眠作用的影响,对小鼠外观活动和自身活动的影响及对戊四氮惊厥的影响。结果 腹腔内注射氧化槐定碱250,500,1000mg/kg,小鼠自发活动抑制率分别为42．6％,57．2％和76．3％,戊巴比妥钠入睡时间分别缩短38．4％,49．0％和39．7％,而睡眠时间分别延长172％,138％和389％,并能明显加强阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠的催眠作用。氧化槐定碱500,1000mg/kg不能对抗戊四氮引的惊厥。结论 氧化槐定碱具有镇静、催眠等中枢抑制作用。