双源CTA在蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤术前检查的应用价值

目的探讨双源CTA在蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤术前检查的应用价值。方法选取2009年1月至2016年3月在本院治疗的蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤患者23例,对双源CTA检查结果进行分析,重建肿瘤和颅底血管及骨质图像。结果 CTA图像可清晰显示Willis动脉环,容积再现法图像立体感强,对于肿瘤与周围血管结构毗邻三维立体关系显示效果最好,可以提供直观的观察,清晰显示肿瘤与周围大血管间的空间关系,但成像有时受到颅底骨质影响,部分血管细节显示不清;在瘤体大小和瘤颈宽度测量方面,最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)、容积再现(VR)和数字减影血管造影(DSA)成像技术之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.672和0.728,P0.05);在瘤体形态和瘤体三维关系方面,DSA图像评分低于VR和MIP(P0.05),瘤体光滑度方面,VR图像评分高于MIP和DSA(P0.05),在显示级别方面,DSA图像评分高于VR和MIP(P0.05),总体质量方面,VR、MIP和DSA图像评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中VR图像评分最高,MIP次之。结论双源CTA在蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤术前检查中,可提供脑膜瘤血供情况以及与毗邻血管的三维空间关系,为蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤手术方案提供指导意见。     

四配子异源嵌合体导致的真两性畸形机制研究

目的 :报告 1例四配子异源嵌合体导致的真两性畸形并讨论其发病机制。　方法 :对 1例外生殖器模糊的患者外周血的淋巴细胞、经培养的皮肤成纤维细胞、两种不同性腺组织的成纤维细胞进行染色体核型分析 ,同时用X和Y染色体探针进行双色荧光原位杂交 (FISH) ;对患者红细胞血型、人类白细胞抗原 (HLA)和 77个短重复序列 (STR)微卫星标记进行检测 ;对患者性腺的 2种不同组织进行组织病理学检查 ;同时对患者的父母进行红细胞血型、HLA和STR检测。　结果 :患者外周血淋巴细胞、皮肤成纤维细胞、呈白色和黄色性腺组织的成纤维细胞染色体核型均为 4 6 ,XX/ 4 6 ,XY ;FISH检测所有细胞都显示了XX或XY的杂交信号。 4 6 ,XY的核型在外周血淋巴细胞、皮肤成纤维细胞和白色性腺组织的成纤维细胞中占优势 ;4 6 ,XX的核型在黄色性腺组织的成纤维细胞中占优势。外周血淋巴细胞及 3种不同组织培养物的STR位点检测、ABO血型分析和HLA检测都显示有 2个不同的单倍体来自父亲 ,1个单倍体来自母亲。组织病理学检查患者同一性腺上有两种不同组织 ,呈白色的组织是睾丸 ,呈黄色的组织是卵巢。　结论 :性腺组织病理学检查、染色体核型分析、FISH是鉴定真两性畸形患者的有效方法 ,红细胞血型、HLA和STR可为鉴定四配子异源嵌合体提供?     

数字乳腺X线摄影:男性乳腺疾病诊断的推荐检查可行性分析

目的 基于敏感性、特异性等指标的评价,探讨数字乳腺X线摄影及超声对男性乳腺病变的诊断价值.方法 选取79例行乳腺X线摄影检查的男性乳腺肿块病例,部分病例同时行超声检查(62例).乳腺病灶评价依据2013版BI-RADS,通过2位高年资乳腺放射医师对征象进行分析后作出BI-RADS分类,并将BI-RADS 4a类以上定义...     

Patho-mechanical comparative morpho-characterization of contre-coup injuries of liver by cadaveric experimental simulation for medico-legal and forensic implications

BackgroundLiver is the most common organ to get injured in cases of blunt force trauma to the abdomen (BFTA). It is the 2nd commonest organ after brain to sustain injuries out of all the trauma related fatalities. However, the literature about contre-coup injuries to the liver due to BFTA is scarce in-spite of the high mortality rates seen out of injury to this particular organ.PurposeThe authors intended to systematize the characteristic morphogenesis of the contre-coup injuries of the liver on the basis of the patho-mechanics involved in various types of BFTA.MethodologyOne hundred and sixty three cases of BFTA were identified, and interpretation was attempted for the contre-coup rupture of the liver seen in twenty out of all the trauma related fatalities that presented for post-mortem examination during the study period. However, the mechanics of the pattern of the rupture injuries to the liver were indiscernible. This motivated the authors to conduct the comparative characterization of injuries to the liver by experimental simulation of BFTA after necessary permission via inflicting pre-calculated forces on unclaimed cadavers.ResultsThe patterns of contre-coup rupture/s of liver were established in all the twenty out of one sixty-three cases of BFTA. The rupture depicted patterns of injury in the situations of - 1) strong hits with a limited surface trauma, 2) very strong hits with a generalized surface trauma, 3) and collision with a solid surface resulting due to fall onto the side of the abdomen. The causative mechanism discerned was deformation of the liver, followed by its parenchymal rupture due to the shear and strain types of force/s consequent upon tissue compression. The minimum force and energy of impact required for the liver to rupture was estimated to be 2000 N and 141.5 J.ConclusionThis series of the simulation experiments revealed two variants of liver rupture in the contre-coup impact zone. The pattern of injury was maintained in cases, those studied at post-mortem examinations, but the relief ruptures were found to vary depending upon the overall mechanics of the traumatic forces involved in the simulation experiments performed on the cadavers. The anti-shock ruptures were formed during shock trauma, and shockproof ruptures were not seen in cases of underlying compressive forces. The morphogenetic characterization of the relief rupture surface of the liver was also delineated in relation to its surface orientation to the spine on the basis of the terms “large” and “very large” depicting the quantum of force/s delivered out of an impact or blow.     

Prediction of prostate cancer risk: the role of prostate volume and digital rectal examination in the ERSPC risk calculators

Background

The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) risk calculators (RCs) are validated tools for prostate cancer (PCa) risk assessment and include prostate volume (PV) data from transrectal ultrasound (TRUS).

Objective

Develop and validate an RC based on digital rectal examination (DRE) that circumvents the need for TRUS but still includes information on PV.

Design, setting, and participants

For development of the DRE-based RC, we studied the original ERSPC Rotterdam RC population including 3624 men (885 PCa cases) and 2896 men (547 PCa cases) detected at first and repeat screening 4 yr later, respectively. A validation cohort consisted of 322 men, screened in 2010-2011 as participants in ERSPC Rotterdam.

Measurements

Data on TRUS-assessed PV in the development cohorts were re-coded into three categories (25, 40, and 60 cm³) to assess the loss of information by categorization of volume information. New RCs including PSA, DRE, and PV categories (DRE-based RC) were developed for men with and without a previous negative biopsy to predict overall and clinically significant PCa (high-grade [HG] PCa) defined as T stage >T2b and/or Gleason score ≥7. Predictive accuracy was quantified by the area under the receiver operating curve. We compared performance with the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) RC in the validation study.

Results and limitations

Areas under the curve (AUC) of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) alone, PSA and DRE, the DRE-based RC, and the original ERSPC RC to predict PCa at initial biopsy were 0.69, 0.73, 0.77, and 0.79, respectively. The corresponding AUCs for predicting HG PCa were higher (0.74, 0.82, 0.85, and 0.86). Similar results were seen in men previously biopsied and in the validation cohort. The DRE-based RC outperformed the PCPT RC (AUC 0.69 vs 0.59; p = 0.0001) and a model based on PSA and DRE only (AUC 0.69 vs 0.63; p = 0.0075) in the relatively small validation cohort. Further validation is required.

Conclusions

An RC should contain volume estimates based either on TRUS or DRE. Replacing TRUS measurements by DRE estimates may enhance implementation in the daily practice of urologists and general practitioners.     

应用整体组织病理切片评估相关辅助检查在前列腺癌定位诊断中的价值

目的:探讨以前列腺癌根治术后整体组织病理切片(前列腺大切片)作为"金标准"分别评估DRE、前列腺穿刺活检、MRI、DWI在前列腺癌定位诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2009年10月～2010年3月行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术19例患者临床资料,除外未行MRI/DWI检查、前列腺手术史、已行内分泌治疗等患者9例,符合条件患者10例,于前列腺癌根治术前收集患者的DRE、前列腺穿刺活检、MRI、DWI资料,术后将前列腺标本制成前列腺大切片。应用"六分区法"对前列腺进行分区,DRE检查记录前列腺结节所在区域,前列腺穿刺活检12针依位置编号将阳性者归入相应区域,与术后整体组织病理进行比对。两位阅片者"盲法"进行阅MRI和MRI/DWI片,每个分区分为5档进行评价:1.正常;2.可能正常;3.不确定;4.可能是癌;5.肯定是癌,当两位阅片者所得结果的平均值≥4时,认定该区域是MRI或MRI+DWI评估为前列腺癌的区域。结果:在10例前列腺癌患者共60个分区中前列腺大切片证实的前列腺癌区域为27个(45%),基底部、中部、尖部的前列腺癌区域分别为8个(40%)、11个(55%)和8个(40%),前列腺癌呈明显的多灶性分布。DRE定位诊断前列腺癌的敏感性、特异性分别为29.6%、72.7%,低于其他检查方法,前列腺穿刺活检定位诊断前列腺癌的敏感性、特异性分别为55.6%、81.8%,与MRI的诊断价值类似(51.9%和84.9%),引入DWI参与前列腺癌的定位诊断,可维持特异性不变的情况下,提高MRI的敏感性至77.8%。对于前列腺尖部、中部MRI诊断的敏感性较差(37.5%和45.5%),但特异性和阳性预测值高(100%和100%),引入DWI可将前列腺尖部、中部MRI诊断的敏感性提高至75%和81.8%。结论:MRI在前列腺癌定位中的价值与前列腺穿刺活检相似,但明显优于DRE;引入DWI可以明显提高MRI定位诊断前列腺癌的敏感性,特别是对于前列腺尖部和中部的肿瘤。     

临床药师在导管接触性溶栓联合抗凝治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓的用药分析与药学监护中的作用

目的 探讨临床药师在急性下肢深静脉血栓患者个体化治疗中的作用。 方法 对南京鼓楼医院血管外科2018年8月收治的8例急性下肢深静脉血栓患者的治疗过程进行分析,结合临床药学知识制定导管接触性溶栓及抗凝用药方案,对患者实施全程药学监护。 结果 溶栓治疗期间,患者血浆纤维蛋白原水平呈明显下降趋势,血浆D-二聚体水平呈先升高后降低的趋势,血小板未见明显下降趋势;8例患者在溶栓治疗过程中,2例出现轻微牙龈出血后自行止血,1例出现血尿,停止溶栓治疗后改为口服抗凝药,血尿现象消失。患者预后改善明显,血栓完全溶解,静脉恢复畅通,用药安全得到有效保障。 结论 临床药师在导管接触性溶栓联合抗凝治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓患者的个体化用药监护方面发挥了积极作用。     

检验科运用PDCA循环提高凝血检查室内质量控制水平

目的通过运用PDCA循环法对检验科凝血检查室内质量控制水平进行持续改进。方法将检验科凝血检查室内质量控制的管理过程按PDCA循环法分为P(Plan计划阶段)、D(Do实施阶段)、C(Check检查阶段)和A(Action处理阶段)四个阶段,按照管理目标和改进计划开展工作,检查改进前和改进后每月的在控率。结果通过运用PDCA循环法进行检验科凝血检查室内质量控制水平的持续改进,改进后的平均在控率达到98.6%。结论通过运用PDCA循环法,检验科凝血检查室内质量控制水平得到了大幅提升,达到了目标管理值。     

简易神经查体在基层医院糖尿病性周围神经病变筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨简易神经查体在基层医院糖尿病性周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)筛查中的应用价值。方法选取500例2型糖尿病患者,所有患者均进行简易神经查体,观察DPN的发生情况,以神经电生理检查结果为标准,比较简易神经查体与踝反射、针刺痛觉、温度觉、振动觉、压力觉诊断DNP的灵敏度、特异度、准确度差异。将确诊DPN患者随机分为观察组与对照组,两组患者均严格控制血糖,观察组在严格控制血糖的基础上加用甲钴胺治疗,疗程3个月,观察两组治疗前后神经电生理指标的差异。结果简易神经查体诊断DPN的灵敏度、特异度、准确度明显高于踝反射、针刺痛觉、温度觉、振动觉、压力觉各项检查的诊断(P0.05或0.01)。两组治疗前正中神经、腓总神经及胫神经MCV、SCV比较无统计学差异(P0.05),对照组治疗后正中神经、腓总神经及胫神经MCV、SCV与治疗前比较无明显变化(P0.05),观察组治疗后正中神经、腓总神经及胫神经MCV、SCV与治疗前比较明显改善(P0.05)。结论采用简易神经查体诊断DPN诊断准确性高,是一种筛查DPN的简单、有效的检查方法,适合在基层医院推广使用,早期药物干预治疗能改善DPN患者的预后。