人参根总皂甙对效应激小鼠免疫功能的影响

小鼠在45℃高温环境下暴露15min,其网状内皮系统对碳粒的廓清作用明显降低,血清溶血素含量显著下降,绵羊红细胞(SRBC)诱发的迟发型超敏反应明显受到抑制.应激前15min人参根总皂甙(GRS)50、100 mg·kg~(-1),ip,对小鼠的免疫功能有保护作用,可使热应激小鼠网状内皮系统对碳粒的廓清作用免于下降,防止血清溶血素含量的降低,迟发超敏反应不受抑制.     

粉被虫草提取物对巨噬细胞吞噬功能及CTL活性的影响

研究粉被虫草菌丝体提取物在体外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和脾细胞免疫功能的影响，结果表明：粉被虫草提取物在正常情况下不仅能够促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能，而在免疫抑制的情况下，一定浓度的粉被虫草菌丝体提取物还能恢复提高吞噬功能；它不仅能促进正常脾活化Ｔ细胞的增殖，而且能恢复环磷酰胺和氢化可的松抑制免疫小鼠脾活化Ｔ细胞的增殖；在较高浓度下能增高小鼠脾细胞毒Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）活性，同时在一定浓度下能恢复免疫抑制小鼠脾ＣＴＬ活性。     

Cytotoxic effects of ingested Staphylococcus aureus on bovine endothelial cells: Role of S. aureus α-hemolysin

Previously we observed that Staphylococcus aureus phagocytized by cultured bovine endothelial cells do not proliferate intracellularly, but are cytotoxic to bovine endothelial cells. To investigate S. aureus virulence factors which may be produced intracellularly and cause lysis of endothelial cells, we tested S. aureus mutants defective in production of one or more potential virulence factors and corresponding parent strains for cytotoxicity to endothelial cell monolayers subsequent to being ingested. Following incubation of endothelial cell monolayers with S. aureus for 3.5 h, cultures were supplemented with lysostaphin to destroy extracellular but not intracellular S. aureus. At subsequent times, viability of endothelial cells was assayed by retention of ³H-adenine and the number of intracellular S. aureus was measured. The cytotoxic activity of S. aureus culture supernatants was also characterized. The results indicate that S. aureus α-hemolysin is cytotoxic to bovine endothelial cells and plays an important role in the damage suffered by bovine endothelial cell monolayers following ingestion of S. aureus. Ingestion of α-hemolysin-producing S. aureus by endothelial cells in vivo might be expected to result in destruction of endothelium followed by development of platelet-fibrin vegetations. This possible sequence of events is compatible with the frequently fulminant course of S. aureus endocarditis.     

Leukoerythrophagocytosis by sinus histiocytes: case report

Leukoerythrophagocytosis by sinus histiocytes in the lymph nodes is a rare cytological observation. Though often seen in lymph nodes draining malignancies, one may occasionally encounter them in vascular lesions. We report a case of leukoerythrophagocytosis by sinus histiocytes of the right supraclavicular lymph nodes in a 35-yr-old male. He presented with a painful soft tissue mass in the right anterior region of the chest wall extending into the axilla of 6 mo duration. Bilateral radial pulsations were absent. The patient had received treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis 1 yr ago. FNAC of the soft tissue mass revealed only blood. Radiological evaluation revealed a vascular lesion, with smooth borders, extending into the upper zone of right lung and displacing the second rib inferiorly. Doppler evaluation confirmed it to be a right subclavian aneurysm with arteritis.     

Interleukin-10 secreted by B-1 cells modulates the phagocytic activity of murine macrophages in vitro

As demonstrated previously in our laboratory, B-1 cells migrate from the peritoneal cavity of mice and home to a distant site of inflammation to become macrophage-like cells. However, the influence that these cells might have on the kinetics and fate of the inflammatory process is not known. Considering that macrophages are pivotal in the inflammatory reaction, we decided to investigate the possible influence B-1 cells could have on macrophage activities in vitro. Our results show that peritoneal macrophages from Xid mice, a mouse strain deprived of B-1 cells, have higher phagocytic indexes for zymozan particles when compared with macrophages from wild-type mice. Moreover, macrophages from wild-type mice have a lower ability to release nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide when compared with macrophages from Xid mice. Experiments using cocultures of B-1 cells and macrophages from Xid mice in transwell plates demonstrated that B-1 cells down-regulate macrophage activities. These observations also indicate that this phenomenon is not due to a physical interaction between these two cell populations. As B-1 cells are one of the main sources of interleukin (IL)-10, we demonstrate in this study that adherent peritoneal cells from Xid mice produce significantly less amounts of this cytokine in culture when compared with IL-10 production by cells from wild-type mice. When B-1 cells from IL-10 knock-out mice and macrophages from wild-type mice were cocultured in transwell plates, the phagocytic index of macrophages was not altered demonstrating that B-1 cells can influence the effector functions of macrophages in vitro via IL-10 secretion.     

心肌细胞吞噬聚乳酸-乙醇酸纳米粒子的形态学实验

目的　探讨心肌细胞吞噬聚乳酸—乙醇酸 ( polylactic polyglycolicacid ,PLGA)纳米粒子的形态学机理 ,制备组织细胞吞噬纳米粒子的相关模型 ,为纳米粒子作为包载各类药物或基因载体提供实验形态学依据。方法 :将制备的PLGA纳米粒子加入生理盐水中 ,超声振荡成注射用纳米粒子悬浮液后 ,注射至活体家兔心肌组织内 ,4 8小时后取材切片、电镜下观察。结果 :心肌细胞胞质内及胞核内可见大量被吞噬的纳米粒子 ,并且出现了PLGA纳米粒子被吸收、降解的迹象。结论 :心肌细胞完全可以通过吞噬方式大量摄取 ;PLGA纳米粒子 ,将PLGA纳米粒子作为向心肌细胞内转运某种药物或基因的载体是完全可行的。     

Regulatory Role of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variants of BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI Polymorphisms on Macrophage Phagocytosis and Lymphoproliferative Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

The regulatory role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene variants of Bsm I, Apa I, Taq I, and Fok I polymorphisms on vitamin D(3)-modulated macrophage phagocytosis with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis and lymphoproliferative response to M. tuberculosis culture filtrate antigen (CFA) was studied in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 46) and in normal healthy subjects (NHS) (n = 64). Vitamin D(3) at a concentration of 1 x 10(-7) M enhanced the phagocytic potential of normal subjects who had a phagocytic index of less than 20%. This increase was seen in subjects with the genotypes BB (p = 0.017), AA (p = 0.016), tt (p = 0.034), and FF (p = 0.013) and the extended genotype BBAAtt (p = 0.034). Normal subjects with BBAAtt performed better phagocytosis than individuals with bbaaTT genotype (p = 0.034). Vitamin D(3) at 10(-9), 10(-8), and 10(-7) M concentrations suppressed the lymphoproliferative response to CFA antigen in normal subjects. This decreased lymphocyte response was observed in normal individuals with the genotypes BB (p = 0.0009), tt (p = 0.016), and FF (p = 0.008) and the extended genotype BBAAtt (p = 0.02). Addition of vitamin D(3) had no significant effect on macrophage phagocytosis and lymphoproliferative response to CFA in pulmonary TB patients. This may be due to the unresponsive nature of the cells to the action of vitamin D(3) or the downregulated VDR expression by virtue of the disease, which renders them inactive. The genotypes BB, tt, and the extended genotype BBAAtt may be associated with increased expression of VDR which in turn regulate the action of vitamin D(3) and modulate the immune functions to M. tuberculosis in NHS.     

The effect of yoghurt on the cytotoxic and phagocytic activity of macrophages in tumour‐bearing mice

In a previous paper, it was demonstrated that feeding yoghurt was able to inhibit the growth of an intestinal tumour induced chemically with 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH). This effect was due to the increase in IgA‐producing cells and a diminution of the inflammatory immune response. In this paper the phagocytic and cytotoxic capacity of macrophages both involved and not involved in the target organ are studied. The study was aimed at determining whether in the intestinal tumour inhibition demonstrated previously the systemic immune response was also increased. The cytotoxic capacity and ß‐glucuronidase enzyme levels of the peritoneal macrophages were analyzed together with the cytolytic effect of the serum on tumour cells and the phagocytic activity of the macrophages infiltrating the intestinal mucosa. Groups of mice were split into three experimental groups. One group was treated with DMH. The others were treated with DMH, and their diets were supplemented with yoghurt for 7 or 10 consecutive days, during 24 weeks. It was demonstrated that feeding yoghurt for 7 or 10 days increased cytotoxic and ß‐glucuronidase levels in peritoneal macrophages, and also the cytolytic capacity of serum, reaching values significantly higher than those in the DMH control. Enhancement of the phagocytic activity of the macrophages associated with the large intestine was also observed. This increase in the macrophage activity involved in the systemic and mucosal immune responses could also be responsible for the tumour inhibition observed in the group of mice fed with yoghurt. The presence in the serum of lytic factors (cytokines) which were released by immune cells activated by feeding yoghurt may also have had a role in tumour inhibition.