如意膏的药效学实验研究

目的：如意膏的药效研究。方法：采用多种炎症模型，观察如意膏的抗炎作用；用昆明种小鼠醋酸扭体镇痛实验，热板法镇痛实验，活血化瘀实验，对如意膏进行抗炎，镇痛及活血化瘀作用的研究。结论：如意膏能减轻化学刺激（H^ )，物理刺激（热）所致的疼痛，具有良好的抗炎镇痛及活血化瘀作用。     

中药用D-101型大孔树脂苯系列残留物分析研究

目的：考察D－101型大孔树脂正常使用中苯系列残留物的情况。方法：用气相色谱法检测从动静两种状态处理树脂苯系列残留物。结果：动态处理树脂较合理，药物提取物中未见有苯系列残留物。结论：正常使用D－101型大孔树脂提取中药是安全可靠的。     

急性有机磷中毒的急诊急救与护理

目的:探讨急性有机磷中毒急诊急救的综合护理,寻求提高抢救成功的对策,降低死亡率.方法:对本院急诊科2009年1月_2010年6月收治的64例急性有机磷中毒患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,对中毒至就诊时间及各种处理措施等因素进行分析.结果:本组64例中抢救成功58例,抢救成功率90.6％.结论:正确的抢救方法和护理措施可有效降低有机磷农药中毒的病死率.提高抢救成功率.     

药用白菊花4个栽培类型农药与重金属残留的比较研究

目的 :通过对药用白菊花 4个栽培类型重金属与农药残留的比较研究 ,为药用白菊花品种选择提供依据。方法 :采用原子吸收分光光度计、原子荧光分光光度计和高效色谱仪对药用白菊花 4个栽培类型重金属与农药残留进行了比较分析。结果与结论 :农药与重金属残留因栽培类型不同而存在明显差异 ,但均符合国家外经贸部颁布的《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》(2 0 0 1年 )。     

重度有机磷农药中毒改良治疗方案的临床研究

目的：探讨改良治疗重度有机磷农药中毒方案的可行性及其临床应用价值。方法：将我科59例重度有机磷农药中毒患者采用改良治疗方案（从洗胃方式、呼吸道管理、复能剂使用到阿托品使用途径进行改良），与既往按传统方案治疗的62例重度中毒患者进行对照比较。结果：改良组治愈57例，显著高于传统组（治愈49例，P〈0．05），而阿托品中毒率、农药中毒反跳率、阿托品用量及住院时间均低于传统组，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：改良治疗方案救治重度有机磷农药中毒较传统治疗方案疗效显著。     

GC法检测浙八味药材中有机氯农药的残留

目的 测定与分析白术、白芍、玄参等8种药材中9种有机氯农药残留量.方法 以混合溶剂超声提取样品、浓硫酸磺化净化,采用毛细管气相色谱,用HP-5弹性石英毛细管柱程序升温分离,微电子捕获检测器检测,峰面积外标法定量.结果 延胡索、麦冬和杭白菊均检出滴滴涕,含量分别为0.439、45.017、5.434 ng·g<'-1>;杭白菊检出五氯硝基苯,含量为1.030 ng·g<'-1>;其余药材均未检出有机氯农药残留.结论 浙八味药材大部分未检出有机氯农药残留或含量较低,均在规定的安全范围内.     

西洋参、人参中有机氯农药残留量的快速检测

目的建立西洋参、人参中有机氯农药残留量的快速检测方法。方法用石油醚连续提取样品，采用DM-1701毛细管柱进行气相色谱测定，以外标法计算含量。结果农药六六六（BHC）、滴滴涕（DDT）、五氯硝基苯（PCNB）9个异构体均能有效分离，9个异构体在1～200μg／L质量浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好，r在0．9908～1．0000之间，农药残留量与药典法检测结果相符。结论该法能快速、准确、有效地测定西洋参、人参的有机氯农药残留量。     

Toxicokinetics of fumonisin B1 in turkey poults and tissue persistence after exposure to a diet containing the maximum European tolerance for fumonisins in avian feeds

The kinetic of fumonisin B1 (FB1) after a single IV and oral dose, and FB1 persistence in tissue were investigated in turkey poults by HPLC after purification of samples on columns. After IV administration (single-dose: 10mg FB1/kg bw), serum concentration-time curves were best described by a three-compartment open model. Elimination half-life and mean residence time of FB1 were 85 and 52min, respectively. After oral administration (single-dose: 100mg FB1/kg bw) bioavailability was 3.2%; elimination half-life and mean residence time were 214 and 408min, respectively. Clearance of FB1 was 7.6 and 7.5ml/min/kg for IV and oral administration, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the administration of FB1 by the intravenous route, liver and kidney contained the highest levels of FB1 in tissues, level in muscle was low or below the limit of detection (LD, 13mug/kg). The persistence of FB1 in tissue was also studied after administration for 9 weeks of a feed that contained 5, 10 and 20mg FB1+FB2/kg diet. Eight hours after the last intake of 20mg FB1+FB2/kg feed (maximum recommended concentration of fumonisins established by the EU for avian feed), hepatic and renal FB1 concentrations were 119 and 22mug/kg, level in muscles was below the LD.     

Pesticide Use Practices in Rural Armenia

ABSTRACT

Pesticide use can have adverse effects on both human health and the environment. Inappropriate use of pesticides increases the health risk to those who work with or live around pesticides. Educational programs for agricultural workers on the proper use of pesticides and personal protective equipment coupled with pesticide regulations are important tools to reduce the associated health risks. The authors conducted a survey (N?=?2336) on pesticide use practices in the Ararat Valley of Armenia in 2000–2006. This study was a cross-sectional design. A multistage sampling method was implemented in the selection of the study population. The authors developed a questionnaire containing 173 questions to evaluate demographic characteristics, health conditions, and details of pesticides use practices. The intensity of pesticide use was high; 82.8% of respondents used them. More than 150 brand names of pesticides were in use. Unregistered, obsolete, expired, and banned compounds were found in active use. Poor compliance with the basic rules of pesticide safety was found throughout the study population, with 21.3% using gloves and only 11% using respirators. The agricultural workers’ knowledge of the toxic properties of these pesticides as well as basic hygienic norms was very low. In some instances, the number of agrichemical applications to crops, particularly cucumbers and melons, reached 40 applications during the growing season. Better protection and training of pesticide users in Armenia is needed.     

芒果核仁乙酸乙酯部位化学成分

目的:研究芒果核仁的化学成分.方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、薄层制备色谱、重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和多种波谱数据鉴定化合物.结果:从芒果核的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为香豆素(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、香兰素(3)、表儿茶素(4)、没食子酸(5)、咖啡酸(6)、阿魏酸(7)、熊果苷(8)和鞣花酸(9).结论:化合物1～4,6～9为首次从该植物中分离得到.