合理应用阿托品治疗急性有机磷农药中毒的临床研究

目的 :观察阿托品不同给药方式对重度急性有机磷农药中毒 (AOPP)的治疗效果。方法 :随机将 12 2例AOPP患者分为 A、B两组 ,A组 6 3例反复静推阿托品达阿托品化后 ,采用微量泵持续静脉输注 ;B组 5 9例采用反复静推阿托品 ,将治疗前后的疗效、阿托品用量及用药天数进行比较。结果 :阿托品用量及用药天数两组间无明显差异。A组治愈率 (96 .82 %)明显高于 B组 (83.0 5 %) (P<0 .0 5 ) ,死亡率 (3.17%)、阿托品中毒发生率 (1.6 %)、脑水肿发生率 (1.6 %)低于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。A组反跳的发生率低于 B组 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :反复静推阿托品达阿托品化后 ,采用微量泵持续静脉输注阿托品治疗 AOPP效果明显。     

气相色谱法测定熟地中有机氯类农药残留量

目的对熟地中 12种有机氯农药的毛细管气相色谱测定方法的研究。方法采用FDA方法提取、硫酸磺化后 ,采用不分流进样方式 ,用DB - 1弹性石英毛细管柱经柱程序升温技术分离 ,并用电子捕获检测器检测 ,外标法计算含量。结果高、中、低 3种浓度的平均回收率为 74 6 %～10 1 9% ,RSD为 0 8%～ 5 3% ;被测样品中均含有不同程度的农药残留。结论本方法可用于熟地中 12种有机氯农药残留量的测定     

LC-MS/MS分析有机磷农药中毒

目的建立一种同时检测人血浆中9种有机磷农药的高效液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)。方法色谱柱为Thermo C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),柱温25℃,流动相为乙腈-水(含20mmol.L 1醋酸铵和0.1%甲酸)(85∶15),流速0.3 mL.min-1。血浆样品采用乙腈沉淀蛋白,质谱以正离子方式检测,采用多重反应监测模式(MRM)。结果 9种有机磷农药的线性范围为0.05～10μg.mL-1,定量下限为0.05μg.mL-1,检测限在0.1～5 ng.mL-1之间,方法回收率在93.23%～107.5%之间,批内、批间精密度均<10%,稳定性良好。结论该方法准确灵敏、简单快速,可用于筛查、测定患者体内的有机磷农药,有效辅助临床对中毒患者的诊断和疗效评价。     

毒死蜱暴露对健康危害研究进展

毒死蜱是中国目前使用最广泛、使用量最大的有机磷农药;毒死蜱具有环境持久性和生物蓄积性,它能通过人们的饮水、食物、住所、甚至呼吸的空气进人体内,分布于血液、唾液,作用于神经、免疫、生殖、内分泌等器官系统,甚至影响胎儿的生长发育;除了能导致胆碱能毒性作用的急性中毒症状外,还可能会引起DNA损伤、基因突变、染色体畸变等遗传毒性;诱导细胞癌变,增加肺癌、白血病等癌症的发病风险;干扰免疫系统;并引起性激素、甲状腺素等内分泌激素水平改变;影响配子功能,干扰胚胎形成与发育,从而导致一系列出生缺陷与疾病;最重要的是,脑发育早期毒死蜱暴露还可能会对神经系统结构与功能都造成长远的影响,甚至可能导致神经系统退行性疾病的发病风险增加;所以减少毒死蜱的使用与暴露对于维护人类的健康有着非常重大的意义。     

Alternative Materials from Agro-Industry for Wood Panel Manufacturing—A Review

The growing demand for wood-based panels for buildings and furniture and the increasing worldwide concern for reducing the pressure on forest resources require alternatives to wood raw materials. The agricultural industry not only can provide raw materials from non-wood plants but also numerous residues and side streams. This review supplies an overview of the availability, chemical composition, and fiber characteristics of non-wood lignocellulosic materials and agricultural residues, i.e., grow care residues, harvest residues, and process residues, and their relevance for use in wood panel manufacturing. During the crop harvest, there are millions of tons of residues in the form of stalks, among other things. Usually, these are only available seasonally without using storage capacity. Process residues, on the other hand, can be taken from ongoing production and processed further. Fiber characteristics and chemical composition affect the panel properties. Alternatives to wood with long fibers and high cellulose content offer sufficient mechanical strength in different panel types. In general, the addition of wood substitutes up to approximately 30% provides panels with the required strength properties. However, other parameters must be considered, such as pressing temperature, adhesive type, press levels, and pretreatments of the raw material. The search for new raw materials for wood panels should focus on availability throughout the year, the corresponding chemical requirements and market competition. Panel type and production process can be adapted to different raw materials to fit niche products.     

去除蔬果中农药残留的方法研究

目的　研究蔬果中农药残留去除方法。方法　用有机磷农药沾污青菜 ,用不同方法处理沾污农药后的青菜 ,用气相色谱法分别测出处理前后青菜中的农药残留量 ,计算去除率。结果　椰子油衍生物蔬果洗涤剂浸泡法与其他方法相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,该方法农药残留去除率达 87 5 % ,食盐水溶液浸泡法效果其次 ,达 68 6% ,其他市售厨房洗涤剂浸泡法为5 0 %～ 68.2 %。结论　去除蔬菜残留农药采用不同洗涤剂浸泡 ,均有一定效果但以椰子油衍生物蔬果洗涤剂效果最好     

Organophosphorus pesticide exposure and neurobehavioral performance in Latino children living in an orchard community

Children living in agricultural communities have a greater risk from pesticides due to para-occupational pathways. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of exposure to organophosphorus pesticides on the neurobehavioral performance of school-aged Latino children over time. Two exposure measures were used to estimate children’s pesticide exposure: parent's occupation (agricultural or non-agricultural) and organophosphate residues in home carpet dust samples. During 2008–2011, 206 school-aged children completed a battery of neurobehavioral tests two times, approximately one year apart. The associations between both exposure measures and neurobehavioral performance were examined. Pesticide residues were detected in dust samples from both agricultural and non-agricultural homes, however, pesticides were detected more frequently and in higher concentrations in agricultural homes compared to non-agricultural homes. Although few differences were found between agricultural and non-agricultural children at both visits, deficits in learning from the first visit to the second visit, or less improvement, was found in agricultural children relative to non-agricultural children. These differences were significant for the Divided Attention and Purdue Pegboard tests. These findings are consistent with previous research showing deficits in motor function. A summary measure of organophosphate residues was not associated with neurobehavioral performance. Results from this study indicate that children in agricultural communities are at increased risk from pesticides as a result of a parent working in agricultural. Our findings suggest that organophosphate exposure may be associated with deficits in learning on neurobehavioral performance, particularly in tests of with motor function. In spite of regulatory phasing out of organophosphates in the U.S., we still see elevated levels and higher detection rates of several organophosphates in agricultural households than non-agricultural households, albeit lower levels than prior studies.     

军队有害生物监控与发展概况

对军队有害生物的概念、种类和军队有害生物监控专业的特色进行了概述,并总结分析了军队有害生物防治面临的形势和今后专业发展方向。     

一起有机磷农药污染餐具所致食物中毒调查分析

目的探讨一起有机磷农药中毒发生原因,防止类似事件发生。方法对中毒人群进行流行病学调查,实验室检验。结果 3例病人均曾用一个曾盛过有机磷农药敌敌畏的碗,误盛红烧肉饮食史,3例病人临床检验乙酰胆碱酯酶活性分别为对照组的70%、60%、45%。结论综合流行病学调查、临床检验、临床症状及治疗情况,证实为一起误服有机磷农药敌敌畏所致食物中毒事件。     

河南省市售鸡肉和鸡蛋中抗生素残留及膳食暴露风险评估

目的 了解河南省市售鸡肉和鸡蛋中抗生素残留水平及膳食暴露风险。方法 随机采集河南省10个监测区域的222份样品，按照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》的相关标准程序检测17种抗生素残留，结合食物摄入量，利用点评估方法对人群鸡肉和鸡蛋膳食中抗生素的暴露风险进行评估。结果 222份样品中，抗生素的总体检出率为14.4%，不合格率为6.76%。8份鸡肉样品中检出禁用氧氟沙星，6份鸡蛋样品中检出禁用甲硝唑、氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星。鸡肉中抗生素的IFS均值为0.000155，最大值为0.00350，鸡蛋中抗生素IFS均值为0.000553，最大值为0.00278，均远远低于1。结论 河南省市售鸡肉和鸡蛋中存在一定的抗生素残留，但暴露风险很低，对人体健康危害处于安全可接受水平。