甘肃省河西地区银屑病流行病学调查研究*

目的通过对甘肃省河西地区3个市居民进行流行病学调查,分析本地区银屑病患病情况。方法采用整群抽样法在河西地区3个市中选取17 302名居民,采用问卷调查、临床检查等方法评估居民银屑病患病情况,观察银屑病的流行病学特征,分析其主要危险因素。结果 17 302名调查对象中,确诊银屑病97例,总患病率为0.56%。不同城市、年龄、性别、婚姻状况、文化程度和职业的居民银屑病患病率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而家族史、吸烟史、感染史、精神状态、饮酒及食用羊肉与银屑病发病具有密切相关性。结论河西地区银屑病发病率与全国平均水平基本一致,该病在人口学分布方面比较平均,多种因素均会促进疾病的发生。     

旋转地质导向技术在钻探哈得油田薄砂层油藏中的应用

塔里木哈得油田多采用双台阶水平井钻井,主要难题为常规钻井技术井眼轨迹控制难,储层钻遇率低,钻井周期长。1m厚薄砂层油藏未能实现有效开发,东河砂岩水窜严重,油水分布混乱,影响后期开发效果。针对以上难题,在哈得油田钻井中引进旋转地质导向技术,与常规技术相比应用效果良好,平均储层钻遇率由55.43%提高至87.84%,平均单井日产量提高1倍,单井水平段节约钻井工期15d,成功地解决了薄油层钻井储层钻遇率低、钻井施工进度慢等难题。     

The association between renal function and neurological diseases in type 2 diabetes: a multicenter nationwide cross-sectional study

Background: The evidence for an association between renal function and neurological diseases among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, particularly in the Asian population, is limited. This study aimed to assess the association between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and various neurological diseases among T2DM patients in Thailand using a nationwide patient sample.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study based on the DM/HT study of the Medical Research Network of the Consortium of Thai Medical Schools. This study evaluated adult T2DM patients receiving care at public Thailand hospitals in the year 2014. GFR was categorized into ≥60, 30–59, and < 30 mL/min/1.73 m². Neurological diseases studied included ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), hemorrhagic stroke, dementia, all cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral neuropathy. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the association between GFR and neurological diseases.

Results: A total of 30,423 T2DM patients with available GFR data were included in the analysis. The mean GFR was 68.18 ± 26.45 mL/min/1.73 m². The prevalence of ischemic stroke/TIA, hemorrhagic stroke, dementia, any cerebrovascular diseases and peripheral neuropathy were 2.9%, 0.3%, 0.1%, 3.2%, and 3.1%, respectively. Patients with GFR of 30–59 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m² were significantly associated with increased rates of ischemic stroke/TIA, any cerebrovascular diseases, and peripheral neuropathy when compared with patients with GFR of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m². This association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders.

Conclusion: Decreased GFR was associated with increased ischemic stroke/TIA, all cerebrovascular diseases, and peripheral neuropathy. GFR should be monitored in diabetic patients for neurological disease awareness and prevention.     

Serum-Mediated Inhibition of Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Fabry Disease

Fabry disease (FD) is a progressive multisystemic disorder, treatable with recombinant enzyme replacement therapy (agalsidase). However, recent studies suggest an endogenous inhibition of agalsidase in patients with FD, as reported for other lysosomal storage diseases. To assess the clinical consequences of serum-mediated agalsidase inhibition in affected patients, we determined the agalsidase inhibition status of 168 patients (68 male) with FD and compared outcomes of inhibition-positive patients with those of inhibition-negative patients. The assessment included clinical events during time on agalsidase, determination of renal and cardiac function, and evaluation of FD-related symptoms. The frequency of serum-mediated agalsidase inhibition was 40% in agalsidase-treated males. Inhibition did not depend on the compound initially used (agalsidase-α or -β). Agalsidase inhibition was associated with higher lyso-globotriaosylceramide levels and worse disease severity scores in patients. Compared with agalsidase inhibition-negative men, agalsidase inhibition-positive men showed greater left ventricular mass (P=0.02) and substantially lower renal function (difference in eGFR of about –30 ml/min per 1.73 m²; P=0.04), which was confirmed by a longitudinal 5-year retrospective analysis. Additionally, affected patients presented more often with FD-typical symptoms, such as diarrhea, fatigue, and neuropathic pain, among others. Therefore, patients with poor clinical outcome on agalsidase should be tested for agalsidase inhibition. Future studies are warranted to determine if affected patients with FD benefit from acute reduction of anti-agalsidase antibodies or long-term immune modulation therapies to suppress agalsidase inhibition and to identify mechanisms that minimize antibody generation against agalsidase.     

Turned versus anodised dental implants: a meta‐analysis

The aim of this meta‐analysis was to test the null hypothesis of no difference in the implant failure rates, marginal bone loss (MBL)and post‐operative infection for patients being rehabilitated by turned versus anodised‐surface implants, against the alternative hypothesis of a difference. An electronic search without time or language restrictions was undertaken in November 2015. Eligibility criteria included clinical human studies, either randomised or not. Thirty‐eight publications were included. The results suggest a risk ratio of 2·82 (95% CI 1·95–4·06, P < 0·00001) for failure of turned implants, when compared to anodised‐surface implants. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results when only the studies inserting implants in maxillae or mandibles were pooled. There were no statistically significant effects of turned implants on the MBL (mean difference‐MD 0·02, 95%CI ?0·16–0·20; P = 0·82) in comparison to anodised implants. The results of a meta‐regression considering the follow‐up period as a covariate suggested an increase of the MD with the increase in the follow‐up time (MD increase 0·012 mm year^?1), however, without a statistical significance (P = 0·813). Due to lack of satisfactory information, meta‐analysis for the outcome ‘post‐operative infection’ was not performed. The results have to be interpreted with caution due to the presence of several confounding factors in the included studies.     

Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in biliary tract cancers: A review of current evidences and future perspectives

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a group of invasive neoplasms, with increasing incidence and dismal prognosis. In advanced disease, the standard of care is represented by first-line chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine. In subsequent lines, no clear recommendations are currently available, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches.The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a core regulator of cell metabolism, growth and survival, and is involved in BTCs carcinogenesis and progression. Mutations, gene copy number alterations and aberrant protein phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, mTOR and PTEN have been thoroughly described in BTCs and correlate with poor survival outcomes.Several pre-clinical evidences state the efficacy of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors in BTCs, both in vitro and in vivo. In the clinical setting, initial studies with rapamycin analogs have shown interesting activity with an acceptable toxicity profile. Novel strategies evaluating AKT and PI3K inhibitors have risen serious safety concerns, pointing out the need for improved patient selection and increased target specificity for the clinical development of these agents, both alone and in combination with chemotherapy.This review extensively describes the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in BTCs and examines the rationale of its targeting in these tumors, with particular focus on clinical activity, toxicities and perspectives on further development of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors.