上海城乡慢性阻塞性肺病现状和危险因素分析

通过对上海城乡11612人的横断面调查,发现慢支患病率为1.57%,哮喘为0.80%.与慢支有显著联系的危险因素为年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、吸烟、经常饮酒、被动吸烟和慢支家族史,而与哮喘有显著联系的危险因素为接触枯草尘时有呼吸道刺激反应、城乡差别、过敏反应史和哮喘家族史.应针对这些因素采取有效社区防治措施     

芜湖市2010～2012年疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

目的分析芜湖市疑似预防接种异常反应（AEFI）的发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统运转情况、预防接种质量和疫苗安全性,探讨AEFI防范措施。方法通过疑似预防接种异常反应信息管理系统收集全市2010-2012年AEFI个案数据,采用描述性方法对AEFI监测的相关指标进行流行病学分析。结果 2010~2012年全市共报告AEFI 308例,其中一般反应257例（83.44%）,异常反应49例（15.91%）,偶合症2例（0.65%）。各县均有AEFI报告县与预防接种门诊AEFI报告覆盖率分别为100.00%、93.55%;48h内报告率为97.40%,48h内调查率为100.00%。81.82%的AEFI发生于疫苗接种后1d内。89.94%的AEFI发生于0~2岁及6岁儿童。临床诊断以发热、红肿、硬结及过敏性反应为主。AEFI报告发生率为12.10/10万,其中一般反应为10.10/10万,异常反应为1.93/10万。85.06%的AEFI发生于国家免疫规划（NIP）疫苗,69.81%的AEFI发生于第一剂次疫苗接种;不良反应发生较多的疫苗分别为无细胞百白破疫苗（39.29%）、白破疫苗（15.26%）、A＋C群流脑结合疫苗（7.79%）、23价肺炎疫苗（5.19%）、麻风疫苗（4.87%）。NIP疫苗与第二类疫苗的一般反应与异常反应发生率差异无统计学意义（χ2一般反应=2.29,P〉0.05;χ2异常反应=0.46,P〉0.05）。结论目前芜湖市AEFI监测系统运行状况良好,AEFI监测较为敏感。     

拔罐联合小茴香热敷对胃脘疼痛程度及复发的影响

目的 探究经络拔罐联合小茴香热敷对胃脘痛患者疼痛程度及复发的影响。方法 选取江西省新余市中医院2017年6月—2019年8月收治的胃脘痛患者88例,按随机数字表法分为研究组（44例）及对照组（44例）。对照组行常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上行经络拔罐联合小茴香热敷。对比2组干预前后中医证候积分、疼痛程度评分及复发率。结果 研究组干预后中医证候积分及VAS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;研究组胃脘痛复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 经络拔罐联合小茴香热敷可有效缓解胃脘痛患者胃脘部疼痛感,并可降低疾病复发率,具有推广价值。     

泌尿生殖道感染者支原体检测及药敏分析

目的检测我院门诊泌尿生殖道支原体感染情况及支原体培养加药敏试验分析。方法采用微量肉汤稀释法,对3 263例泌尿生殖道感染者解脲支原体(UU)和人型支原体(MH)进行8种抗生素的药敏试验。结果检出支原体1 142例,阳性率为35%,女性患者(42%)明显高于男性患者(30%),且UU感染(25%)明显高于MH感染(1%)和UU MH混合感染(8%)。UU药敏分析对红霉素、罗红霉素、交沙霉素、阿齐霉素、强力霉素、美满霉素、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星的敏感率分别为60%、68%、74%、86%、55%、40%、25%、2%;UU MH混合感染对8种抗生素均出现不同程度的耐药菌株。结论泌尿生殖道感染者中,支原体感染处于国内较高水平,且对不同种类抗生素有较高的耐药性,特别是UU MH混合感染,临床上做支原体培养加药敏试验,对指导临床合理用药很有必要。     

Heart rate variability,exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate cystic fibrosis

Background:Autonomic nervous system balance is altered in cystic fibrosis (CF), although its influence on physical fitness has been poorly explored.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the association of heart rate variability (HRV) with exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate CF.Methods:A cross-sectional study including individuals with CF aged 6–18 years, not under CFTR modulator therapy, was performed. Sociodemographic (age, sex) and clinical information (airway colonization, pancreatic insufficiency, and genotyping) were collected. In addition, exercise capacity (modified shuttle test — MST), lung function (spirometry), body composition (bioimpedance), levels of daily physical activity (5-day accelerometer), and HRV (both at rest and during the MST) were evaluated.Results:30 individuals (20 females) aged 11.2±3.7 years, mean FEV162.8±27.6%, were included. A sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) increase (p<0.001) during the MST was shown, indicating a predominance of sympathetic modulation. The standard deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN) and the high frequency (HF) index during exercise correlated significantly with FEV₁ (r=0.45, p=0.01 and r=0.46, p=0.01; respectively). MST distance also correlated positively and significantly with SDNN (r=0.43, p=0.01), square root of the mean of the sums of squares of frequencies between RR intervals greater than 50 ms — RMSSD (r=0.53, p<0.01), low frequency — LF (r=0.48, p<0.01), HF (r=0.64, p<0.01), dispersion of points perpendicular to the short-term identity line — SD1 (r=0.40, p=0.02) and negatively with LF/HF (r=−0.57, p<0.01). Regarding daily physical activity, SDNN at rest (r=0.37, p=0.04) and exercise (r=0.41, p=0.02) showed positive correlations with time in moderate-to-vigorous activities. When normalizing the SDNN and classifying individuals as normal or altered, those presenting altered SDNN showed poorest FEV₁ (p=0.001) and lower exercise capacity (p=0.027).Conclusion:HRV correlates with lung function, exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with CF. The study highlights the influence of CF on autonomic function and suggests HRV measurement as an easy tool to be used in clinical settings as an alternative marker to monitor CF individuals.     

莫西沙星四联疗法根除幽门螺旋杆菌的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨莫西沙星四联疗法根除幽门螺旋杆菌的临床疗效。方法 收集2020年6—12月在医院消化内科确诊幽门螺旋杆菌感染患者,随机分为两组,每组65例。试验组采用口服含莫西沙星四联根除方案（包括莫西沙星、呋喃唑酮、枸橼酸铋钾胶囊、埃索美拉唑镁肠溶胶囊,连续服用14 d）;对照组采用常规四联根除方案（包括克拉霉素、呋喃唑酮、枸橼酸铋钾胶囊、埃索美拉唑镁肠溶胶囊,连续服用14 d）。治疗4周后,观察两组患者幽门螺旋杆菌根除率、不良反应发生率、症状缓解率、胃黏膜炎症情况。结果 试验组幽门螺旋杆菌根除率92.3%(60/65),对照组幽门螺旋杆菌根除率72.3%(47/65),症状缓解率分别是96.9%(63/65),78.5%(51/65),不良反应发生率分别是6.2%(4/65),20.0%(13/65),试验组炎症改善情况明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 莫西沙星四联疗法根除幽门螺旋杆菌疗效好,不良反应少,可作为根除幽门螺旋杆菌的优选方案。     

技术行政综合干预对不合理医嘱干预成功率的影响调查

目的调查在技术措施基础上,联用行政措施干预静脉药物调配中心(PIVAS)不合理医嘱的效果。方法将2012年8月至11月医院老年病区药房静脉药物调配中心61 962条医嘱分为对照组和试验组,分别采用技术措施和技术行政综合措施对不合理医嘱进行干预,并统计分析。结果采用技术行政综合措施干预后,试验组不合理医嘱比例为1.27%,比对照组下降1.28%;不合理医嘱干预成功率为16.43%,比对照组提高6.65%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论综合干预措施,对于提高不合理医嘱干预的成功率具有一定的促进作用。     

Some Aspects of the Burning Process of Antimony and Potassium Manganate(VII) Compositions

Antimony and potassium manganate(VII) compositions are widely used in time delay elements of detonators. Despite the existing literature on such systems, there is no complete information on the burning process of Sb/KMnO₄ compositions in closed systems. There are also no data on the heat of their combustion in conditions of increased pressure without the access of oxygen from the air and on the composition of solid combustion products. These issues are the subject of the presented work.     

乳腺癌患者HER2和BRCA1表达与放疗敏感性的关系研究

背景与目的:乳腺癌是全球最常见的女性恶性肿瘤,且发病率仍在不断上升.乳腺癌的术后放疗可有效地改善局部控制率和长期生存率,放疗已成为乳腺癌治疗的主要技术.如何进一步减少患者正常组织的不良反应、提高放疗效果成为研究热点.探讨人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor ...     

Insights into Genetic Characteristics and Virological Features of Endemic Avian Influenza A (H9N2) Viruses in Egypt from 2017–2021

From 2010 to 2013, genotype I avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses of the G1-lineage were isolated from several poultry species in Egypt. In 2014, novel reassortant H9N2 viruses were detected in pigeons designated as genotype II. To monitor the subsequent genetic evolution of Egyptian A(H9N2) viruses, we characterized the full genomes of 173 viruses isolated through active surveillance from 2017 to 2022. In addition, we compared the virological characteristics and pathogenicity of representative viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA indicated that all studied sequences from 2017–2021 were grouped into G1-like H9N2 viruses previously detected in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Egyptian A(H9N2) viruses had undergone further reassortment, inheriting four genes (PB2, PB1, PA, NS) from genotype II, with their remaining segments deriving from genotype I viruses (these viruses designated as genotype III). Studying the virological features of the two most dominant genotypes (I and III) of Egyptian H9N2 viruses in vitro and in vivo indicated that both replicated well in mammalian cells, but did not show any clinical signs in chickens, ducks, and mice. Monitoring avian influenza viruses through surveillance programs and understanding the genetic and antigenic characteristics of circulating H9N2 viruses are essential for risk assessment and influenza pandemic preparedness.