Radioprotective Effect of Whey Hydrolysate Peptides against γ-Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in BALB/c Mice

Radiation therapy is widely used in the treatment of tumor diseases, but it can also cause serious damage to the body, so it is necessary to find effective nutritional supplements. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of whey hydrolysate peptides (WHPs) against ⁶⁰Coγ radiation damage in mice and explore the mechanism. BALB/c mice were given WHPs by oral gavage administration for 14 days. Then, some mice underwent a 30-day survival test after 8 Gy radiation, and other mice received 3.5 Gy radiation to analyze the changes in body weight, hematology and bone marrow DNA after three and 14 days. In addition, through further analysis of the level of oxidative stress and intestinal barrier function, the possible mechanism of the radioprotective effect of WHPs was explored. The study found WHPs can prolong survival time, restore body weight, and increase the number of peripheral blood white blood cells and bone marrow DNA content in irradiated mice. In addition, WHPs can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity, inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and protect the intestinal barrier. These results indicate that WHPs have a certain radioprotective effect in mice, and the main mechanism is related to reducing oxidative damage.     

Trans-Epithelial Transport,Metabolism, and Biological Activity Assessment of the Multi-Target Lupin Peptide LILPKHSDAD (P5) and Its Metabolite LPKHSDAD (P5-Met)

P5 (LILPKHSDAD) is a hypocholesterolemic peptide from lupin protein with a multi-target activity, since it inhibits both 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCoAR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9). This work shows that, during epithelial transport experiments, the metabolic transformation mediated by intestinal peptidases produces two main detected peptides, ILPKHSDAD (P5-frag) and LPKHSDAD (P5-met), and that both P5 and P5-met are linearly absorbed by differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Extensive comparative structural, biochemical, and cellular characterizations of P5-met and the parent peptide P5 demonstrate that both peptides have unique characteristics and share the same mechanisms of action. In fact, they exert an intrinsically multi-target behavior being able to regulate cholesterol metabolism by modulating different pathways. The results of this study also highlight the dynamic nature of bioactive peptides that may be modulated by the biological systems they get in contact with.     

Vitamin D and Allergy Susceptibility during Gestation and Early Life

Worldwide, the prevalence of allergies in young children, but also vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and in newborns is rising. Vitamin D modulates the development and activity of the immune system and a low vitamin D status during pregnancy and in early life might be associated with an increased risk to develop an allergy during early childhood. This review studies the effects of vitamin D during gestation and early life, on allergy susceptibility in infants. The bioactive form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D, inhibits maturation and results in immature dendritic cells that cause a decreased differentiation of naive T cells into effector T cells. Nevertheless, the development of regulatory T cells and the production of interleukin-10 was increased. Consequently, a more tolerogenic immune response developed against antigens. Secondly, binding of 1,25(OH)2D to epithelial cells induces the expression of tight junction proteins resulting in enhanced epithelial barrier function. Thirdly, 1,25(OH)2D increased the expression of anti-microbial peptides by epithelial cells that also promoted the defense mechanism against pathogens, by preventing an invasive penetration of pathogens. Immune intervention by vitamin D supplementation can mitigate the disease burden from asthma and allergy. In conclusion, our review indicates that a sufficient vitamin D status during gestation and early life can lower the susceptibility to develop an allergy in infants although there remains a need for more causal evidence.     

一种合成多肽——PLNG自由穿膜现象初探

目的 研究人工设计合成的多肽PLNG在不同作用环境条件下的跨膜运动现象。方法 体外培养不同组织来源的鼠细胞及CHO细胞、BEL细胞,用免疫荧光观察不同浓度、不同温度、不同反应时间条件下,PLNG的穿膜能力及PLNG对不同类型的细胞（CHO细胞、BEL细胞、成年大鼠肝细胞、幼大鼠肝细胞、成年大鼠心肌细胞、幼大鼠心肌细胞、成年大鼠神经细胞、幼大鼠神经细胞）的穿膜特性。结果 PLNG在不同作用环境条件下对细胞膜都有穿透作用,且进入细胞的量近乎相同。结论 实验观察到PLNG具有广谱的穿膜能力,这种穿膜能力在一定范围内对温度、时间及PLNG浓度不敏感;而且这种穿膜能力不受组织特异性的限制。     

用合成受体肽段长期免疫大鼠对其心脏结构和功能的影响

用合成的β1-受体功能表位肽段以及M2受体功能表位肽段肽连续18个月免疫大鼠,结果发现①外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的改变T细胞亚群测定结果发现,在两免疫组免疫24h后CD4+/CD8+即开始升高,到第7d时达到一个较高的水平,3个月时开始下降但仍高于同期对照组,第9个月时降至对照组水平,18个月时明显降低;对照组的CD4+/CD8     

人发角蛋白人工腱体内降解的形态学及泛肽、溶酶体酶的活性变化

目的阐明人发角蛋白(HHK)人工腱植入体内后的降解过程。方法选取30只新西兰大白兔,随机分为术后第1、3、6、9、12周实验组和正常对照组。实验组行跟腱切除后植入HHK人工腱,按期进行常规形态学观察和泛肽组化及酸性磷酸酶(AcP)酶细胞化学观察。结果光镜形态学观察显示,人工腱植入后第1周出现人发毛小皮脱落、消失,人发呈均质状,表面附着巨噬细胞和多核巨细胞,到第3~6周可见降解成颗粒的人工腱被巨噬细胞和多核巨细胞吞噬。泛肽酶组化显示第1~3周,人发周围的巨噬细胞、多核巨细胞和成腱细胞内反应呈强阳性,周围组织呈中等阳性,到第9周,大部分人发被降解,泛肽酶反应在基质呈弱阳性,在腱细胞中呈中等阳性。电镜形态学观察显示毛发之间出现成腱细胞,并开始分泌蛋白多糖和前胶原蛋白,第9~12周,人工腱基本被降解,同时完成了新生自体腱的形成。酶细胞化学观察显示被吞噬的颗粒呈AcP酶反应阳性。结论在HHK人工腱的降解过程中,泛肽系统首先在细胞外将大体积的人发降解,降解后期细胞内泛肽系统通路和溶酶体通路分别对吞入的人工腱颗粒进行降解,且具有协同作用。     

实验性急性胰腺炎大鼠胰蛋白酶原激活肽的产生及意义初探

探讨了胰蛋白酶原激活肽 (TAP)在预测大鼠实验性急性胰腺炎严重程度中的意义。将 90只大鼠按抽签法随机分为 5组 :EP和NP( 3%和 5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胆胰管注射 )组 ,TP(乌司他丁治疗 )组 ,CP(生理盐水对照 )组 ,OP(假手术 )组。用酶联免疫法测定各组制模后 3、6、2 4h的血浆TAP浓度。结果 :制模后 3h和 6h血浆TAP浓度NP组〔( 4.798± 0 .1 69)、( 3.999± 0 .2 99)nmol/L〕比EP组〔( 2 .4 1 6± 0 .1 4 8)、( 3.356± 0 .2 1 1 )nmol/L〕明显增高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;在制模 6h后TP组血浆TAP浓度 ( 1 .61 1± 0 .1 1 3)nmol/L ,比EP组明显降低 (P <0 .0 1 )。提示 :血浆TAP浓度可以作为预测急性胰腺炎严重程度的指标     

高效液相色谱法分析转移因子多肽分布

利用高效液相色谱法对两种不同的转移因子类考物产品中多肽组份分子量的分布进行分析。应用岛津ＬＣ－６Ａ高效液相色谱第统,使用Ｃ１８反相色谱柱,对流动相、洗脱方式、洗脱时间、色谱条件进行反复试验,使用ＫＨ２ＰＯ４、１ml/min流速、２５min洗脱时间,得到委好的分离效果。方法简便,结果重现性好,适合作为生物工程产品的质控方法。     

先心病肺高压患者血浆心钠素在肺部的代谢及意义

探讨心钠素 (ANP)在先天性心脏病肺动脉高压形成中所起的作用。方法 :采用心钠素 (ANP)、环 -磷酸鸟苷(c GMP)特异性放射免疫分析法 ,测定 2 0例先心病肺高压患者 (实验组 )和 9例无心肺疾病者 (对照组 )肺动、静脉血浆 ANP、c GMP的含量 ,对肺部 ANP的变化及其与 c GMP变化的一致性进行分析。结果 :1实验组肺动、静脉血浆 ANP之差高于对照组 ,P<0 .0 5 ;2实验组肺动、静脉血浆 ANP之差及 c GMP之差呈负相关 ,P<0 .0 5 ;3实验组中轻度肺高压组肺动、静脉血浆 ANP之差及 c GMP之差呈负相关 ,P<0 .0 0 1。结论 :1左向右分流的先心病患者血浆 ANP在肺部的代谢量增加 ,可能用于发挥其扩张血管、支气管等作用 ,但在不同程度肺高压时 ,其代谢量有差异 ,提示 ANP在肺部的代谢可能与肺高压的形成有一定的关系。     

Potent induction of human colon cancer cell uptake of chemotherapeutic drugs by N-myristoylated protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) pseudosubstrate peptides through a P-glycoprotein-independent mechanism

Phorbol ester protein kinase C (PKC) activators and PKC isozyme over-expression have been shown to significantly reduce intracellular accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs, in association with the induction of multidrug resistance (MDR) in drug-sensitive cancer cells and enhancement of drug resistance in MDR cancer cells. These observations constitute solid evidence that PKC plays a significant role in the MDR phenotype of cancer cells. PKC-catalyzed phosphorylation of the drug-efflux pump P-glycoprotein was recently ruled out as a contributing factor in MDR. At present, the sole drug transport-related event that has been identified as a component of the role of PKC in MDR is PKC-induced expression of the P-glycoprotein-encoding gene mdr1. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that PKC can modulate the uptake of chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer cells independently of P-glycoprotein. We analyzed the effects of selective PKC activators/inhibitors on the uptake of radiolabelled cytotoxic drugs by cultured human colon cancer cells that lacked P-glycoprotein activity and did not express the drug efflux pump at the level of message (mdr1) or protein. We found that the selective PKC activator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) significantly reduced uptake of [¹⁴C] Adriamycin and [³H] vincristine in human colon cancer cells devoid of P-glycoprotein activity, and that PKC-inhibitory N-myristoylated PKC- pseudosubstrate synthetic peptides potently and selectively induced uptake of the cytotoxic drugs in the phorbol ester-treated and non-treated colon cancer cells. TPA treatment of the cells did not induce expression of either P-glycoprotein or its message mdr1. In contrast with [¹⁴C]Adriamycin and [³H] vincristine uptake, [³H] 5-fluorouracil uptake by the cells was unaffected by TPA and reduced by the PKC-inhibitory peptides. These results indicate that PKC activation can significantly reduce the uptake of multiple cytotoxic drugs by cancer cells independently of P-glycoprotein, and that N-myristoylated PKC- pseudosubstrate peptides potently and selectively induce uptake of multiple cytotoxic drugs in cultured human colon cancer cells by a novel mechanism that does not involve P-glycoprotein and may involve PKC isozyme inhibition. Thus, N-myristoylated PKC- pseudosubstrate peptides may offer a basis for the development of agents that reverse intrinsic drug resistance in human colon cancer.