青霉素G皮试液稳定性研究

以高效液相色谱法测定青霉素Ｇ皮试液及浓储备液在低温下的稳定性，结果表明：青霉素Ｇ稀溶液较浓溶液稳定，溶液的ｐＨ值随放置时间的延长而降低，青霉素Ｇ的降解速率随ｐＨ的降低而加速。     

不同青霉素治疗妊娠期梅毒对产妇外周血肿瘤坏死因子-α､白介素-2､白介素-4及新生儿预后的影响

目的探讨不同青霉素治疗妊娠期梅毒对产妇外周血肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)?白介素-2(IL-2)?白介素-4(IL-4)及新生儿预后的影响。方法选取西北妇女儿童医院2019年3月至2021年3月收治的118例妊娠期梅毒孕妇作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各59例。对照组入院后以普鲁卡因青霉素治疗,观察组入院后以苄星青霉素治疗。比较两组产妇及新生儿的妊娠结局,比较两组产妇治疗前后外周血TNF-α?IL-2?IL-4水平,比较两组产妇治疗后血清快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)?梅毒螺旋体血凝试验(TPHA)滴度阴性率。结果观察组正常妊娠产妇占比显著高于对照组,而早产?流产发生率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组死胎发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组正常新生儿占比显著高于对照组,而低体重儿?新生儿窒息?新生儿先天性梅毒发生率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组新生儿死亡发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗前TNF-α?IL-2?IL-4水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组治疗后TNF-α?IL-2?IL-4水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后血清RPR?TPHA滴度阴性率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论苄星青霉素治疗妊娠期梅毒能够改善产妇妊娠结局及新生儿预后,还能降低产妇外周血TNF-α?IL-2?IL-4水平,提高血清RPR?TPHA滴度阴性率。     

Childhood infections and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease

Adults with inflammatory bowel disease from North Carolina were questioned during 1986 and 1987 to assess risk due to a variety of childhood infections and treatments with antibiotics. Responses were compared with those of neighbor controls. Persons with Crohn's disease were more likely to report an increased frequency of childhood infections in general (odds ratio 4.67, 95% CI 2.65–8.23) and pharyngitis specifically (odds ratio 2.14, 95% CI 1.30–3.51). This was validated by an increased frequency of tonsillectomy (odds ratio 1.53, 95% CI 1.07–2.20). Crohn's cases were more likely to report frequent treatment with antibiotics for both otitis (odds ratio 2.07, 95% CI 1.03–4.14) and pharyngitis (odds ratio 2.14, 95% CI 1.20–3.84). Although Crohn's cases were more likely to report frequent exposure to penicillin (odds ratio 1.81, 95% CI 0.98–3.31), there did not appear to be excess risk conferred by penicillin after controlling for frequency of infections. Persons with ulcerative colitis also reported an excess of infections generally (odds ratio 2.37, 95% CI 1.19–4.71), but not an excess of specific infections or treatments with antibiotics. Persons who reported an increased frequency of infections tended to have an earlier onset of Crohn's disease (P<0.0001) and ulcerative colitis (P=0.04). Finally, it was noted that urban living in childhood increased the risk for Crohn's disease. We conclude that childhood infections may be a risk factor for Crohn's disease and may presage the early onset of disease.This research was supported in part by grants from the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America and the National Irstitutes of Health (P30 DK34987, T32 DK07364 and RR00046).     

Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs): Characterization,Epidemiology and Detection

β-lactamases of Enterobacteriaceae are the most important mechanism of resistance against β-lactam drugs. Two types of β-lactamases can confer resistance against 3rd generation cephalosporins. Chromosomally mediated β-lactamases are inducible and are not inhibited by clavulanic acid. Resistance due to these enzymes is non-transferable. The 2nd type of enzyme is plasmid-mediated β-lactamases, which are inhibited by clavulanic acid. These enzymes are more important clinically as these can be transferred between various species of Enterobacteria ceae. These enzymes are called extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been responsible for numerous outbreaks of infection throughout the world and pose challenging infection control issues. Antibacterial choice is often complicated by multi-resistance. ESBLs can confer resistance against all β-lactam drugs except carbapenems and cephamycins. Nursing home patients may be an important reservoir of ESBL-containing multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms. Use of broad-spectrum oral antibiotics and probably poor infection control practices may facilitate spread of this plasmid-mediated resistance. In addition to known populations at risk, ambulatory patients with chronic conditions represent another patient population that may harbor ESBL-producing organisms. Various methods can be used for detection of ESBLs in the laboratory. These tests include double disc diffusion test, Vitek ESBL test, E Tests, MIC Determination, genetic method, and isoelectric focusing (IEF).     

青霉素、链霉素体外对人脐带组织源间充质干细胞胞外分泌物基因表达的影响

本研究探讨青霉素和链霉素对人脐带组织源间充质干细胞增殖、凋亡和胞外分泌物基因表达的影响。首先分离培养人脐带间充质干细胞,然后检测其免疫表型以及向成骨细胞和脂肪细胞分化的能力,并用MTT法检测细胞增殖,定量RT-PCR法检测胞外分泌物(ECS)和凋亡相关基因(bcl-2,bax)的cDNA表达。结果表明:培养得到的贴壁细胞表型符合间充质干细胞特征,低浓度的青霉素和链霉素可以有效促进脐带间充质干细胞的增殖,其最佳作用浓度为100 U/ml;同时青霉素和链霉素能降低其细胞外分泌物(extracellular secretion,ECS)成分的表达,抗生素浓度越高,ECS表达降低越多;而且低浓度的青链霉素还能提高bcl-2/bax的cDNA表达比值。结论:在脐带MSC的体外培养中,低浓度的青霉素、链霉素可增加细胞增殖,降低凋亡比率,但大剂量使用会降低脐带MSC胞外分泌物的基因表达。     

用微机对青霉素皮试作辅助判断的临床应用的探讨

目的探讨微机对青霉素皮试结果作辅助判断的准确性。方法我们根据青霉素皮试常规观察指标设计了青霉素皮试观察记录单,分三个时段观察青霉素皮试的结果。计算机程序判断青霉素皮试的结果是对观察记录经过综合分析得出的。结果应用计算机对376例青霉素皮试的结果进行辅助判定,其结果表明计算机程序对青霉素皮试结果的判断正确性不低于人工判定,经χ2检验P>0.05,说明两者判断结果无显著性。     

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at STI clinic

A total of 100 consecutive patients who attended a sexually transmitted infections clinic were studied. Thirteen had gonococcal urethritis, of which 10 showed growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on culture. All the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) method and beta lactamase production by chromogenic cephalosporin test. Four patients were co-infected with each of the following: HIV, HBV and Chlamydia trachomatis . Gonococcal urethritis (13%) was found more in male patients. Ten percent gonococcal isolates were penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae , and another 10% were tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae .