罗哌卡因与布比卡因用于硬膜外阻滞的临床对比观察

目的：将新型酰胺类局麻药罗哌卡因药效学与布比卡因进行比较。方法：选择行择期下肢手术病人40例,随机分成四组进行硬膜外麻醉,分别在硬膜外注入0．75％罗哌卡因（n=10例）,0．5％罗哌卡因（n=10例）和0．75％布比卡因（n=10例）,0．5％布比卡因（n=10例）15－18ml。分别观察感觉阻滞起效,最大运动阻滞,感觉、运动恢复时间及最高阻滞平面,最大Bromage评分及术中不良反应的情况。结果：罗哌卡因起效快,产生的麻醉平面广,镇痛、运动阻滞效果好。术中有低血压、心率减慢等副作用发生。结论：罗哌卡因应用于临床麻醉有可靠的麻醉性能及安全性,利用其感觉运动神经分离作用,利于病人术后早期活动,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

关节灵片镇痛、抗炎作用的实验研究

为探讨关节灵片的镇痛、抗炎作用,用热板法和扭体法观察该药镇痛作用,结果关节灵片为不同剂量灌胃给药对小鼠热致痛和醋酸致痛均有明显抗痛作用,呈现一定的量效关系;关节灵片对二甲苯所致炎性水肿亦有显著的抑制作用。提示关节灵具有较好的镇痛抗炎作用。     

子宫峡部阻滞麻醉应用于人工流产术的临床观察

目的　探讨人工流产术中最佳的镇痛方法 ,方法　用带 7号针头的注射器 ,于宫颈 3点、9点距宫颈外口约 1cm处水平穿刺进针约 3cm ,回抽无血后 ,分别推注 2 %盐酸利多卡因各 3ml,2min后手术。结果　子宫峡部阻滞麻醉后 ,疼痛明显减轻或消失 ,与对照组相比有极显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,人工流产综合征发生率明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　子宫峡部阻滞麻醉开展无痛人流安全、简便、有效。     

胸段硬膜外麻醉对单肺通气肺内分流的影响

目的：研究胸段硬膜外麻醉对单肺通气（ＯＬＶ）时肺内分流（Ｑｓ／Ｑｔ）的影响。方法：选择２８例择期开胸手术病人,分为安氟醚静吸复合全麻加胸段硬膜外麻（ＴＥＡ;Ｔ４～５或Ｔ５～６,１．４％利多卡因）ＯＬＶ组（实验组）和安氟醚静吸复合全麻ＯＬＶ组（对照组）,各１４例。分别于麻醉前、双肺通气１５ｍｉｎ、ＯＬＶ５,１５,３０,６０ｍｉｎ分别抽动脉血和混合静脉血行血气分析,计算Ｑｓ／Ｑｔ。结果：实验组和对照组     

小儿术后硬膜外持续输注吗啡的镇痛效果观察

目的 :探索小儿硬膜外持续输注吗啡术后镇痛的有效剂量及并发症。方法 :选择ASAI～Ⅱ级择期腹部、尿道及下肢手术行硬膜外复合全麻患儿32例 ,随机分为3组。术毕前60min于硬膜外腔注入30μg/kg吗啡 ,术后镇痛维持量分别为 :组1为1μg·kg-1·h-1 ,组2为1.5μg·kg-1·h-1,组3为2μg·kg-1·h-1。观察镇痛效果及不良反应。结果 :镇痛评分组2、3明显低于组1 ,组3恶心、呕吐、搔痒、呼吸抑制发生率明显高于组1、2。结论 :负荷量30μg/kg,维持量1.5μg·kg-1·h -1为小儿硬膜外持续输注吗啡的安全有效剂量     

腹腔镜下妇科手术硬膜外阻滞和全麻的比较

目的:比较硬膜外阻滞和气管内全麻腹腔镜下妇科手术CO2 气腹对患者呼吸循环的影响。方法 :60例妇科腹腔镜 (GL)病人随机分成硬外和全麻两组 ,监测两组各时点的血压、心率、SPO2(血氧饱和度 )、VT(潮气量 )、f(呼吸频率) ,PETCO2(呼气末CO2 分压 )、血气分析等。结果 :全麻组各项指标平稳 ,PETCO2、PaCO2 值均在正常范围 ;硬外组气腹后15min变化最大 ,表现在SBP(收缩压 )、DBP(缩张压 )、HR、f、PaCO2、PETCO2 升高 ,P<0.01 ,气腹后30min各值基本恢复到气腹前水平。结论 :GL下妇科手术 ,气管内全麻优于硬膜外麻 ,但可选择性地采用硬膜外阻滞 ,而对有心肺疾病 ,年老体弱或肥胖病人以及手术难度大 ,估计气腹时间长者宜选择全麻     

分娩镇痛的临床观察

目的 探讨布比卡因硬膜外自控镇痛和罗湃卡因蛛风膜下腔－硬膜外自控镇痛用于分娩的效果及对产程、母婴的影响。方法 ９０例初产妇分为３组,布比卡因硬膜外自控镇痛组（Ａ组,ｎ＝３０）、罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔－硬膜外自控镇痛组（Ｂ组,ｎ＝３０）和对照组（Ｃ组,ｎ＝３０,未行分娩镇痛）,观察各组镇痛效果、产程时间、分娩方式血清皮质醇及新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分情况。结果 Ａ,Ｂ组镇痛效果满意,以Ｂ组为佳两组 产程未血清     

Etodolac in the management of pain: A clinical review of a multipurpose analgesic

Etodolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic properties. Its primary anti-inflammatory mechanism of action is through a selective effect on cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2). It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, and maximum plasma concentration (C_max) is reached in 1-2 h, with an elimination half-life (t1/2 ) of 6-8 h. Etodolac has been widely applied in the treatment of inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and gout and in osteoarthritis and has been shown to be efficacious and well tolerated. However, etodolac has other applications which rely primarily on its efficacy as an analgesic. In particular, etodolac has been evaluated in the treatment of a variety of different pain states. Etodolac has been observed to be efficacious in the treatment of acute pain following dental extraction, orthopaedic and urological surgery, and episiotomy, as well as in the treatment of pain due to acute sports injuries, primary dysmenorrhoea, tendonitis, bursitis, periarthritis, radiculalgia and low back pain. These studies indicate that etodolac is a multipurpose analgesic with many clinical applications in addition to its use in the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative forms of arthritis.     

Epidural anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section does not influence fetal umbilical artery blood flow indices

This prospective study was completed to determine the influence of epidural anaesthesia on the fetoplacental circulation of normal subjects. Thirty-seven normal pregnant patients at term, undergoing elective Caesarean section, had Doppler measurements of the fetal umbilical artery blood flow velocity before and after epidural anaesthesia using lidocaine 2% without epinephrine. There were no differences in systolic/diastolic, resistance or pulsality indices following epidural anaesthesia. These results suggest that this technique has no adverse effect on fetoplacental circulation in normal non-labouring subjects. Cette étude prospective a pour but de déterminer l’influence de l’anesthésie épidurale sur la circulation foeto-placentaire dans le contexte d’une grossesse normale. Des indices de vélocité du flot de l’artère ombilicale foetale ont été mesurés par Doppler chez trentesept patientes gravides à terme, sans complications, programmées pour une césarienne élective, avant et après une anesthèsie épidurale utilisant la lidocaine 2% sans épinéphrine. Les indices de rapport systole/diastole, de résistance et de pulsatilité sont demeurés inchangés après l’induction de l’anesthésie épidurale. Ces constatations suggèrent que l’anesthésie épidurale n’a pas d’influence sur la circulation foetoplacentaire chez des patientes enceintes normales à terme qui ne sont pas en travail.     

Exacerbation of postdural puncture headache after epidural blood patch

The purpose of this report is to describe a new complication of epidural blood patch for inadvertent dural puncture. A dural tap in an obstetric patient was managed initially with a prophylactic blood patch via the epidural catheter. Despite this, 48 hr later, she developed post-dural puncture headache, neck, and shoulder pain, and was given a second epidural blood patch. This was followed by an immediate and severe exacerbation of her symptoms, which later resolved after the administration of diclofenac. There were no further sequelae. Although severe complications of epidural blood patch are rare, they are alarming. Exacerbation of the original symptoms of post-dural puncture headache caused by, or following, epidural blood patching has not previously been reported.