手术患者家庭功能与家庭负担状况的研究

目的探讨手术患者家庭功能与家庭负担状况及相关因素，为提高整体护理服务质量提供数据支持。方法采用家庭关怀度指数量表（APGAR量表）和家庭负担会谈量表（FBS量表）对120名手术后患者的家属进行调查。结果21例（17．5％）患者家庭出现轻度或重度的家庭功能障碍，APGAR总分（8．68±1．72）分，其中亲密度得分最高[（1．91±0．44）分]、合作度得分最低[（1．67±0．56）分]；手术患者FBS总分（1．20±0．65）分，得分最高的是家庭经济负担[（1．76±0．96）分]、最低的是家庭成员躯体健康[（0．66±0．81）分]；不同手术类型、手术时间和付费方式家庭FBS得分比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；家庭功能总分与家庭负担及家庭关系、家庭成员躯体健康、家庭成员心理健康呈显著负相关（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论手术不仅对患者本人的生理、心理产生很大影响，对其家庭功能也会产生多方面的影响，导致家庭负担的增加。     

恶性疟原虫MESA基因的克隆和测序

目的克隆、测定恶性疟原虫海南株(FCC1／HN)成熟疟原虫感染红细胞表面抗原(MESA)基因序列，并进行序列分析。方法根据恶性疟原虫palo-alto株MESA基因已知序列，设计合成四对引物，用PCR技术从FCC1／HN株基因组DNA中扩增出4个部分序列重叠的MESA基因片段，分别克隆入pMD-18T测序载体。用双脱氧链末端终止法测定这4个基因片段的序列，拼接得到全长MESA基因序列。应用DNAstar、AnthProt软件辅助进行序列同源性比较和抗原表位区预测。结果PCR扩增得到特异的恶性疟原虫FCC1／HN株MESA基因片段，酶切及PCR鉴定获得了包含MESA基因片段的重组质粒。测序结果表明，FCC1／HN株MESA全基因编码区长4102bp，A T含量为72．11％，G C含量为27．89％，有1个内含子；编码1323个氨基酸残基，分子量为154470u。序列分析表明，FCC1／HN株与Palo-aho、D10株MESA蛋白在长度和序列组成上呈多态性，序列差异较大区域位于MESA蛋白的氨基酸重复区1、3、4、5和7。经多参数综合分析，有7个潜在的抗原表位区。结论测定、分析了恶性疟原虫FCC1／HN株MESA基因序列。FCC1／HN株MESA基因与其它分离株的MESA基因编码的氨基酸序列存在一定差异。     

999例包虫病住院患者经济负担分析

包虫病为人畜共患寄生虫病,在农、牧区已成为当地居民因病致贫、因病返贫的主要原因之一.为探讨造成包虫病患者经济负担的影响因素和卫生决策者提供参考依据,本研究利用2004-2008年乌鲁木齐市某三级医院包虫病住院患者资料,分析其经济负担.     

上海市长宁区某医院流感样病例的经济负担分析

目的了解流感样病例单次就诊的经济负担情况。方法收集长宁区某医院2010年7—12月发热门诊就诊的流感样病例资料并进行问卷调查,收集患者就医的直接费用及误工、陪护造成的间接费用。结果共调查流感样病例288人,直接经济支出57109.27元,间接经济损失达16930.00元。人均门诊支出(191.48±9.26)元,其中甲型H1N1流感病例(239.70±59.81)元,季节性流感病例(188.50±21.08)元,普通感冒病例(189.99±9.98)元,甲型H1N1流感病例花费高于季节性流感和普通感冒病例,但无统计学显著性差异(χ2=4.293,P=0.117)。结论流感样病例的就诊费用对低收入人群的经济负担重,可通过扩大流感疫苗接种人群减少发病,降低负担。     

我国糖尿病的发病变化及其经济负担研究

目的：揭示我国糖尿病的流行现状、变化趋势及经济负担情况。方法：利用流行病学、工生统计学及卫生经济学方法。结果：糖尿病患病率增加明显，90年代与80年代相比不同地区增加约2～4倍。城市和农村糖尿病死亡率的年均增长率分别为785％和7．25％，住院病例数的年增长率分别高达21％和19％。1990年我国糖尿病所致的残疾调整生命年损失为76．6万人年，由此造成的间接社会经济损失高达42.57亿元。1993年全国治疗糖尿病共支出22．16亿元，其中门诊总费用为19．30亿元，住院总费用为2．86亿元。结论：应加强对糖尿病防治工作的投资，制定攻关计划，降低糖尿病的危害。     

上海市甲型H1N1流感患者经济负担估计

目的:了解上海市甲型H1N1流感(甲流)大流行期间流感患者的经济负担情况.方法:2009-2010年上海市甲流大流行期间,随机选择流感轻症病例进行问卷调查,所有的甲流重症和死亡病例采用住院病历回顾和流行病学调查相结合的方法,收集流感患者就医相关费用和间接导致的误工旷学等,估计流感病例的经济负担.结果:研究共调查甲流轻症病例132人,重症病例119人,死亡病例9人.甲流轻症病例人均门诊花费265.5元,此外,多数患者还产生了交通、转诊和营养费等,人均直接花费达356.5元,间接经济损失约96314元.甲流重症病例住院治疗之前,平均就诊3.4次,转诊1.5次,住院费用约为20 712.2元,直接经济支出高达23 832.9元.间接经济损失至少1 962.9元.死亡病例的直接费用则更高,达49 320.2元,所有死亡病例因早死所致间接经济损失合计达1 427.6万元.结论:甲流大流行期间上海市流感患者,尤其是重症患者的经济负担较重,有必要在高危人群中开展疫苗接种工作.     

社区居民慢性病现状与疾病经济负担研究

[目的]了解社区居民高血压、糖尿病、高血脂的患病情况及疾病经济负担。[方法]对南京市鼓楼区1753名居民患病及费用情况进行调查。[结果]高血压、糖尿病、高血脂患病率随着年龄的增长而呈现上升趋势，且男性的患病率58．16％高于女性49．64％。单纯高血压、糖尿病、高血脂门诊费用分别为3276．51元／人年、3845．03元／人年、4211．89元／人年，住院费用分别为11962．86元／人年、11319．80元／人年、4352．33元／人年。[结论]为有效减轻居民及社会的疾病经济负担，有必要开展社区卫生服务，构建可持续发展的社会保障体系。     

Incidence and prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a great challenge to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) control. However, the incidence and prevalence of PTB among T2DM patients has not been fully determined. This meta-analysis aimed to provide the estimation on the global incidence and prevalence of PTB among T2DM patients (T2DM-PTB).MethodsOnline databases including Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Cochrane Library were searched for all relevant studies that reported the incidence or prevalence of T2DM-PTB through 31 January 2022. Pooled incidence and prevalence of T2DM-PTB with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated by the random-effect model. All statistical analyses were performed using R software.ResultsA total of 24 studies (14 cohort studies, 10 cross-sectional studies) were included. The pooled incidence and prevalence of T2DM-PTB were 129.89 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI): 97.55–172.95) and 511.19 per 100,000 (95% CI: 375.94–695.09), respectively. Subgroup analyses identified that the incidence of T2DM-PTB was significantly higher in Asia (187.20 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI: 147.76–237.17), in countries with a high TB burden (172.04 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI: 122.98–240.68) and in studies whose data collection ended before 2011 (219.81 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI: 176.15–274.28), but lower in studies using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes (73.75 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI: 40.92–132.91). The prevalence of T2DM-PTB was significantly higher in countries with a high TB burden (692.15 per 100,000, 95% CI: 468.75–1022.04), but lower in Europe (105.01 per 100,000, 95% CI: 72.55–151.98).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis suggests high global incidence and prevalence of PTB among T2DM patients, underlining the necessity of more preventive interventions among T2DM patients especially in countries with a high TB-burden.

Key messages

• A total of 24 studies (14 cohort studies, 10 cross-sectional studies) containing 2,569,451 T2DM patients were included in this meta-analysis.
• The pooled incidence and prevalence of T2DM-PTB are 129.89 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 97.55–172.95) and 511.19 per 100,000 (95% CI: 375.94–695.09) respectively.
• The incidence of T2DM-PTB was significantly higher in Asia, in countries with a high TB burden and in studies whose data collection ended before 2011, but lower in studies using International Classification of Diseases-10 codes.
• The prevalence of T2DM-PTB was significantly higher in countries with a high TB-burden, but lower in Europe.

     

Pan‐cancer analysis reveals sex‐specific signatures in the tumor microenvironment

The processes of cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapy are affected by the sex of cancer patients. Immunotherapy responses largely depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), but how sex may shape some TME features, remains unknown. Here, we analyzed immune infiltration signatures across 19 cancer types from 1771 male and 1137 female patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas to evaluate how sex may affect the tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune scores, stromal scores, tumor purity, immune cells, immune checkpoint genes, and functional pathways in the TME. Pan‐cancer analyses showed higher TMB and tumor purity scores, as well as lower immune and stromal scores in male patients as compared to female patients. Lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous carcinoma, kidney papillary carcinoma, and head and neck squamous carcinoma showed the most significant sex biases in terms of infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoint gene expression, and functional pathways. We further focused on lung adenocarcinoma samples in order to identify and validate sex‐specific immune cell biomarkers with prognostic potential. Overall, sex may affect the tumor microenvironment, and sex‐specific TME biomarkers may help tailor cancer immunotherapy in certain cancer types.     

中国脑出血疾病的直接费用负担现状及其问题

根据国内92家医疗单位上传的2464例出血性脑卒中病历中的经济学调查资料．估算了我国脑出血疾病的直接经济负担，描述了脑出血患者的医疗保障现状，以及脑出血外科治疗的单病种费用和构成：就我国脑出血疾病患者医疗保障及其费用控制等有关问题进行了初步讨论。