A hydatid cyst in an unusual location—The infratemporal fossa

Hydatid disease is a considerable health problem worldwide, but hydatid cysts in the infratemporal region are extremely rare, even where the parasite is endemic. Here we report on a 17‐year‐old female who presented with a benign swelling in the infratemporal fossa. During surgery a cystic mass was discovered and histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. Although rare, a hydatid cyst should be considered in a differential diagnosis of benign swellings in the maxillofacial region. Physicians should exercise a high index of suspicion even in nonendemic locations.     

卢湾区人体重要寄生虫感染调查

目的了解卢湾区居民寄生虫感染情况,为今后中心城区开展寄生虫病防治提供科学依据。方法采用改良加滕厚涂片法查肠道蠕虫卵,抗原皮内实验查肺吸虫,用ELISA方法查弓形虫和丝虫短程抗体,间接免疫荧光法(IFA)查隐孢子虫感染。结果肠道寄生虫感染率0.44%,肺吸虫皮试阳性率0.84%,孕妇弓形虫抗体阳性率2.85%,隐孢子虫感染率4.80%,丝虫抗体阳性率0.32%。结论中心城区存在各种寄生虫感染,针对各种寄生虫感染途径积极开展寄生虫病健康教育,对防治寄生虫病具有重要意义。     

Arthropod Ectoparasites Have Potential to Bind SARS-CoV-2 via ACE

Coronavirus-like organisms have been previously identified in Arthropod ectoparasites (such as ticks and unfed cat flea). Yet, the question regarding the possible role of these arthropods as SARS-CoV-2 passive/biological transmission vectors is still poorly explored. In this study, we performed in silico structural and binding energy calculations to assess the risks associated with possible ectoparasite transmission. We found sufficient similarity between ectoparasite ACE and human ACE2 protein sequences to build good quality 3D-models of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike:ACE complex to assess the impacts of ectoparasite mutations on complex stability. For several species (e.g., water flea, deer tick, body louse), our analyses showed no significant destabilisation of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike:ACE complex, suggesting these species would bind the viral Spike protein. Our structural analyses also provide structural rationale for interactions between the viral Spike and the ectoparasite ACE proteins. Although we do not have experimental evidence of infection in these ectoparasites, the predicted stability of the complex suggests this is possible, raising concerns of a possible role in passive transmission of the virus to their human hosts.     

粪类圆线虫合并真菌感染1例报告

粪类圆线虫感染后症状和体征不典型,患有基础疾病和免疫力低下的人群感染后易发展成重症。本文分析近期某院收治的1例粪类圆线虫合并真菌感染患者的症状、体征、辅助检查及治疗过程,以期提高临床医生及检验人员对该病的认识,减少漏诊和误诊。     

Eosinophilic inflammation in lymph nodes of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Eosinophils are traditionally associated with the immune response against helminth parasites. However, several studies have demonstrated that these cells have a role regarding protective immunity in leishmaniasis. Here, we examined the relationship between the presence of eosinophils and parasite load in biopsy samples from dogs, obtained through fine needle puncture and aspiration of lymph nodes. Histological slides containing biopsy material from lymph nodes of dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis and healthy dogs were used to obtain baseline eosinophil counts. Subsequently, scrapings were taken from slides for DNA extraction and determination of parasite load, using real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Additionally, production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by eosinophils in the peripheral blood of dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis and healthy dogs was measured. The eosinophil percentage were higher in lymph nodes of infected group, and the parasite load showed a significant negative correlation with the eosinophil count. The production of NO and ROS by eosinophils in the peripheral blood was higher in the dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis. All the results together suggest that eosinophils may participate in antileishmanial immunity in canine visceral leishmaniasis.     

晋北肠道寄生虫病普查

目的 了解肠道寄生虫病在本地区的感染率。方法 选出有代表性的村落，作人群粪便普查和透明胶纸肛检。结果 共调查粪便3055份，查出11种肠道寄生虫，阳性人数为275，阳性率为9％。其中，几种重要的肠道寄生虫感染率分别为：蛔虫(2．2％)；钩虫(0％)；蛲虫(25．9％)。结论 肠道寄生虫病随着人民生活水平提高和医疗卫生条件改善而呈下降趋势，但要在晋北三地区控制和消灭肠道寄生虫病，仍需继续努力。     

海南省中部地区人体重要寄生虫病的现状调查

目的了解和分析海南省中部山区人体寄生虫病的流行现状和趋势，评价十多年来的防治效果，为制定防治策略提供依据。方法按《关于全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查实施细则》进行；使用Spss10．0软件，对调查资料进行统计学处理。蛄果2002年在海南省中部通什市和琼中县共粪栓l653人，总感染率为76．83％，共查见寄生虫15种。其中华枝睾吸虫卵和美丽筒线虫卵为本地区首次发现，土源性线虫的流行特征为黎族感染最高。苗族次之；学生感染最高，农民次之；文盲感染最高，之后随着学历的提高而感染下降；女性感染明显高于男性。钩虫感染随着年龄的增长而升高；鞭虫、蛔虫感染学龄期少年儿童较多。结论本次调查结果反映了海南省中部山区当前人体重要寄生虫感染呈下降趋势，钩虫感染率较高，应作为优先防治的病种，并采取综合性的防治措施，以取得事半功倍的效果。     

加大丝虫病的监测力度做好卫生防疫工作

丝虫病流行于80多个国家,感染者近1.5亿人。我国的丝虫病虽已基本被消灭,但传染源仍未能完全被控制,而且传播媒介广泛存在。因此,应加大丝虫病的监测力度。     

Parasites as aetiological agents in chronic diseases. Epidemiological associations and potential mechanisms of pathogenesis

The aetiological role of parasitic infection has been well established, through epidemiological studies, for many chronic diseases prevalent in the tropics. Examples include Schistosoma mansoni infection leading to portal hypertension, Schistosoma haematobium infection leading to obstructive uropathy and squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, Clonorchis sinensis leading to cholangiocarcinoma, and Taenia solium infection leading to epilepsy. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of these associations, however, continues to evolve, with new insights from many fertile avenues in chronic disease research. There are also tenuous associations such as schizophrenia with toxoplasmosis, and the findings from observational studies that link malignancy and epilepsy with a range of helminthic infections. Imprecise case definitions, and the lack of good animal models, are limitations to the evidence for a causal role of parasitic infection in these diseases.     

顺德区人体肠道寄生虫感染现状及防治效果分析

目的了解和分析顺德区人群肠道寄生虫感染现状,评价多年来的防治效果。方法采取改良加藤氏厚涂片法检查肠道寄生虫卵,并对检查结果进行分析讨论。结果共调查1561人,查出肠道寄生虫4种,感染总人数880人,感染率为56.37%,其中感染肝吸虫、蛔虫、鞭虫、钩虫人数分别为792、36、37、80人,感染率分别是50.74%、2.31%、2.37%和5.12%。男女感染率分别为58.89%和53.78%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.14,P<0.05)。未成年组(0～、10～岁组)与成人组(20～岁)感染率分别为39.57%和60.81%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=47.31,P<0.01);不同镇的感染率有显著性差异(χ2=6.04,P<0.05)。结论肠道寄生虫感染与生产方式、生活习惯、卫生条件等因素相关。加大宣传力度,提高人们卫生意识、改变生活、饮食习惯是控制肠道寄生虫感染的有效措施。