阳山县人体重要寄生虫感染现状调查结果分析

目的了解和分析阳山县人体重要寄生虫感染现状,评估防治效果,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用改良加藤氏厚涂片法对随机抽定的调查点人群进行检查。结果高峰、七拱、岭背3个调查点华支睾吸虫感染率分别为1．2％、17．9％和0．4％,平均为6．48％。土源性线虫感染率分别为51．5％、17．5％和49．12％,平均为39．38％。结论阳山县居民华支睾吸虫感染率较第一次人体寄生虫分布调查有明显升高的趋势,且有地区性、食鱼生习惯、男性感染率高的特点。     

河南省人群肠道寄生虫感染分析

目的 了解河南省人群肠道寄生虫感染的流行态势,制定现阶段寄生虫病防治策略。 方法 按照《全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查》实施细则规定方法和要求,选择安阳市郊区和郸城县6个调查点。 结果 1990年调查安阳市郊人群肠道寄生虫感染率36.23％,发现12种肠道寄生虫,多虫感染者142例,蛔虫感染者平均EPG 1794.69;2002年调查人群感染率为4.11％,未发现多虫感染者,EPG为548.88;1990年郸城县人群感染率77.87％,2002年降为27.26%,人群查出的肠道寄生虫也由12种减为10种,多虫感染者由816例降为53例,人群蛔虫EPG由2 515.49降为1 124.90。 结论 河南省人群寄生虫感染率或度呈总体下降趋势,这与经济的发展、人群文化教育水平的提升、卫生意识的培养、环境条件的改善及防治措施的实施密不可分,但不同地区下降幅度不同,低年龄组仍是受寄生虫感染的高危人群。     

SysmexXT一2000i异常散点图筛检疟原虫感染的探讨

目的通过观察SysmexXT一2000i血液分析仪上白细胞分类散点图异常变化的规律,探讨使用全自动血液分析仪筛检疟原虫的方法。方法用SysmexXT一2000i血液分析仪检测发热患者的血常规,结合血液分析其它参数情况,对白细胞分类散点图异常的标本制血涂片,镜检查找疟原虫。结果在1172例发热患者中查出8例疟原虫感染。所有8例疟疾患者的白细胞分类散点图均在单核细胞区右上方出现异常散点图,同时其中3例白细胞分类散点图还呈现嗜酸性粒细胞与中性粒细胞间的间距变小;3例白细胞分类散点图呈现嗜酸性粒细胞与中性粒细胞间无间距。结论当SysmexXT-2000i血液分析仪检测发热患者血常规白细胞分类散点图出现上述异常时,结合患者血细胞分析参数（血红蛋白降低或血小板减少）的变化,提示有疟原虫感染的可能。通过特征性散点图可筛检疟原虫感染,防止疟原虫漏检,但需镜检确认。     

Association between Intestinal Parasite Infections and Proxies for Body Composition: A Scoping Review

It has long been recognized that intestinal parasite infections and undernutrition are closely linked. However, little is known about the role of intestinal parasite infections (IPIs), or parasite clearance, in these processes. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize published evidence on the association between IPIs and body composition. PRISMA guidelines, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched up until June 2021. Studies reporting on IPIs in relation to (proxies for) body composition were eligible. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Twenty-four studies were included, two Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) and 22 observational. Most observational studies showed IPIs to be associated with lower Body Mass Index (BMI) or being underweight as proxies for body composition. One RCT showed no effect of antiparasitic treatment on body composition, while the other one showed a significant post-treatment increase in body fat, as measured by BMI z-scores and skinfolds. This review lends support to distinct associations between IPIs and body composition. More longitudinal studies are needed using direct measures of body composition to investigate whether weight gained after antiparasitic treatment concerns an increase in body fat or healthy weight gain.     

Norwegian Crusted Scabies: An Unusual Case Presentation

Scabies is a contagious condition that is transmitted through direct contact with an infected person and has been frequently associated with institutional and healthcare-facility outbreaks. The subtype Norwegian crusted scabies can masquerade as other dermatologic diseases owing to the heavy plaque formation. Successful treatment has been documented in published reports, including oral ivermectin and topical permethrin. Few case studies documenting the treatment of Norwegian crusted scabies have reported the use of surgical debridement as an aid to topical and/or oral treatment when severe plaque formation has been noted. A nursing home patient was admitted to the hospital for severe plaque formation of both feet. A superficial biopsy was negative for both fungus and scabies because of the severity of the plaque formation on both feet. The patient underwent a surgical, diagnostic biopsy of both feet, leading to the diagnosis of Norwegian crusted scabies. A second surgical debridement was then performed to remove the extensive plaque formation and aid the oral ivermectin and topical permethrin treatment. The patient subsequently made a full recovery and was discharged back to the nursing home. At 2 and 6 months after treatment, the patient remained free of scabies infestation, and the surgical wound had healed uneventfully. The present case presentation has demonstrated that surgical debridement can be complementary to the standard topical and oral medications in the treatment of those with Norwegian crusted scabies infestation.     

纤维胶凝蛋白(ficolin)与感染性疾病

纤维胶凝蛋白(ficolin)是一种在补体凝集途径中重要的起始物,其本质是含有胶原样结构域和纤维蛋白样结构域的蛋白质,它是天然免疫中的一种模式识别分子,可结合微生物表面的某些糖类,激活补体途径,调理吞噬作用,从而在抵抗疾病发生中起重要作用。本文对ficolin类型、功能及识别机制等方面进行总结,并探讨ficolin与感染性疾病的关系,以期为ficolin的研究提供理论支撑。     

Arthropod Ectoparasites Have Potential to Bind SARS-CoV-2 via ACE

Coronavirus-like organisms have been previously identified in Arthropod ectoparasites (such as ticks and unfed cat flea). Yet, the question regarding the possible role of these arthropods as SARS-CoV-2 passive/biological transmission vectors is still poorly explored. In this study, we performed in silico structural and binding energy calculations to assess the risks associated with possible ectoparasite transmission. We found sufficient similarity between ectoparasite ACE and human ACE2 protein sequences to build good quality 3D-models of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike:ACE complex to assess the impacts of ectoparasite mutations on complex stability. For several species (e.g., water flea, deer tick, body louse), our analyses showed no significant destabilisation of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike:ACE complex, suggesting these species would bind the viral Spike protein. Our structural analyses also provide structural rationale for interactions between the viral Spike and the ectoparasite ACE proteins. Although we do not have experimental evidence of infection in these ectoparasites, the predicted stability of the complex suggests this is possible, raising concerns of a possible role in passive transmission of the virus to their human hosts.