人群感染肠道寄生虫影响因素分析

肠道寄生虫在人群中的感染一直难以得到有效控制,一是感染率较高,加重了其流行程度;二是感染的多重性和反复性,在一定程度上造成感染的进一步加深,本文试图从社会经济、自然环境和个体行为等方面,对寄生虫的流行因素进行分析,以期揭示其流行的规律、特点,为控制肠道寄生虫病提供参考资料。     

Expression of immune genes in skin of channel catfish immunized with live theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

The objective of this study was to evaluate differential expression of innate and adaptive immune genes, including immunoglobulin, immune cell receptor, cytokine, inflammatory protein , toll‐like receptors (TLR) and recombination‐activating gene (RAG) in skin from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus after immunization with live theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) by intraperitoneal injection. The immunized catfish showed significantly higher survival rate (95%) than those of mock‐immunized control fish (0% survival) after the theront challenge. The gene expression of innate immune system, such as cytokines (IL‐1β type a, IL‐1β type b, IFN‐γ, TGF1‐β and TNF‐α) and inflammatory proteins (NF‐kB and iNOS 2), showed significant upregulation at day 1 (D1) post‐immunization. Expression of TLR genes exhibited a rapid increase from hour 4 (h4) to D10 post‐immunization. Genes of the adaptive response, such as the cell receptor MHC I, CD8⁺, CD4⁺ and TCR‐α, showed upregulation at D1, D6 and D10. The TCR‐β expression increased rapidly at h4 and remained upregulated until D10. Immunoglobulin IgM upregulation was detected from h4 until D2 while IgD expression was increased from D1 until D10. Rapid upregulation of innate and adaptive immune genes in skin of catfish following live theront vaccination was demonstrated in this study ultimately resulting in significant protection against Ich infection.     

IL-33在寄生虫感染中的作用研究进展

白细胞介素33(IL-33)是IL-1家族新成员,其广泛分布于各种组织,通过结合胞外受体基质裂解素2(ST2),可调控多种靶细胞,广泛参与过敏性疾病、内分泌性疾病、感染性疾病及肿瘤等的发生和发展。在寄生虫感染方面,由于不同虫体致病机制不同,IL-33表达时相不同,因此其所起的作用也有所不同。     

Association between Intestinal Parasite Infections and Proxies for Body Composition: A Scoping Review

It has long been recognized that intestinal parasite infections and undernutrition are closely linked. However, little is known about the role of intestinal parasite infections (IPIs), or parasite clearance, in these processes. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize published evidence on the association between IPIs and body composition. PRISMA guidelines, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched up until June 2021. Studies reporting on IPIs in relation to (proxies for) body composition were eligible. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Twenty-four studies were included, two Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) and 22 observational. Most observational studies showed IPIs to be associated with lower Body Mass Index (BMI) or being underweight as proxies for body composition. One RCT showed no effect of antiparasitic treatment on body composition, while the other one showed a significant post-treatment increase in body fat, as measured by BMI z-scores and skinfolds. This review lends support to distinct associations between IPIs and body composition. More longitudinal studies are needed using direct measures of body composition to investigate whether weight gained after antiparasitic treatment concerns an increase in body fat or healthy weight gain.     

SysmexXT一2000i异常散点图筛检疟原虫感染的探讨

目的通过观察SysmexXT一2000i血液分析仪上白细胞分类散点图异常变化的规律,探讨使用全自动血液分析仪筛检疟原虫的方法。方法用SysmexXT一2000i血液分析仪检测发热患者的血常规,结合血液分析其它参数情况,对白细胞分类散点图异常的标本制血涂片,镜检查找疟原虫。结果在1172例发热患者中查出8例疟原虫感染。所有8例疟疾患者的白细胞分类散点图均在单核细胞区右上方出现异常散点图,同时其中3例白细胞分类散点图还呈现嗜酸性粒细胞与中性粒细胞间的间距变小;3例白细胞分类散点图呈现嗜酸性粒细胞与中性粒细胞间无间距。结论当SysmexXT-2000i血液分析仪检测发热患者血常规白细胞分类散点图出现上述异常时,结合患者血细胞分析参数（血红蛋白降低或血小板减少）的变化,提示有疟原虫感染的可能。通过特征性散点图可筛检疟原虫感染,防止疟原虫漏检,但需镜检确认。     

Parasitic infestation and nutritional status among schoolchildren in Vientiane, Lao PDR

AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation among school-aged children residing in Vientiane capital city; and to assess the impact of its infestation on nutrition status of those children. METHODS: The school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2005 to February 2006. The systemic random samplings were employed to select schools and schoolchildren. Five hundred and thirty-six schoolchildren (350 high-school children and 186 parents of elementary-school children) were completely interviewed by semistructured questionnaire and performed anthropometric measurement. The direct faecal smear was employed to analyse 299 (55.8%) stool samples. The SPSS version 12.01 and Epi Info version 6.0 were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of parasitic infestation was 38.1%, with 18.1% of Opisthorchis viverrini and 14.7% of Ascaris lumbricoides. The prevalences of stunting and underweight were 20.2% and 20.0%, respectively. The prevalences of stunting (OR = 3.28; P < 0.01) and underweight (OR = 2.69; P < 0.05) were higher among high-school children who were infested by intestinal parasites. CONCLUSION: Approximately one-third of schoolchildren in Vientiane capital city were infested by intestinal parasites. The persistent parasitic infestation seemed to be associated with growth rate pattern among those children. School-based parasite control programme and health promotion are needed to eliminate this major public health problem in Lao People Democratic Republic.     

阳山县人体重要寄生虫感染现状调查结果分析

目的了解和分析阳山县人体重要寄生虫感染现状,评估防治效果,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用改良加藤氏厚涂片法对随机抽定的调查点人群进行检查。结果高峰、七拱、岭背3个调查点华支睾吸虫感染率分别为1．2％、17．9％和0．4％,平均为6．48％。土源性线虫感染率分别为51．5％、17．5％和49．12％,平均为39．38％。结论阳山县居民华支睾吸虫感染率较第一次人体寄生虫分布调查有明显升高的趋势,且有地区性、食鱼生习惯、男性感染率高的特点。