脑静脉窦血栓形成65例临床与影像学分析

目的 探讨脑静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)的病因、临床表现及影像学特点.方法 回顾性分析65例CVST患者的临床表现、头颅CT、MRI、磁共振静脉血管造影及数字减影血管造影(DSA)特点.结果 本组65例CVST患者中,25例(38%)患者仅表现为单纯颅高压;头面部局部或全身感染者13例(20%);贫血4例(6%);服用避孕药史4例(6%);结缔组织及相关疾病4例(6%)(Behcet's病2例,系统性红斑狼疮2例),蛋白C缺乏2例(3%).9例急性患者的头颅CT平扫发现,2例存在"稠密三角征",3例存在"条带征".亚急性患者头颅MRI显示,静脉窦内主要为T1、T2高信号(33%,4/12).MRI发现急性、亚急性及慢性患者静脉性脑梗死的比例分别为38%(3/8)、33%(4/12)及18%(6/33).在行MRV检查的12例患者中,均发现静脉窦充盈缺损或中断(100%).DSA检查发现66%(40/61)累及2个或2个以上静脉窦,11%(7/61)累及大脑浅(深)静脉.结论 CVST病因复杂,起病形式多样,临床表现主要为颅高压等一些非特异性症状及体征;头颅CT及MRI分别对急性,亚急性CVST静脉窦内的血栓有较高的敏感性与特异性;MRV可快速、无创地诊断CVST.若以上检查仍不能明确诊断,应尽快行DSA检查,尤其是大脑浅(深)静脉血栓形成患者.     

鼻内镜手术治疗老年慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉

目的探讨鼻内镜手术治疗老年人慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的疗效、安全性和可行性。方法回顾分析该科2003年3月～2005年11月收治的45例老年慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者（年龄≥60）鼻内镜手术临床资料，按照1997年海口会议标准进行临床分型分期和疗效评价。结果术后随访6～28个月，症状改善率为100％，其中治愈35例（77．7％），好转10例（22．2％）。无严重并发症发生，出现下睑肿胀、轻微眶周淤血1例（2．2％）。结论鼻内镜手术是治疗老年慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的有效方法，妥善的围手术期处理和注意术中操作可提高手术安全性，减少并发症发生。     

鼻咽癌侵犯海绵窦CT诊断

目的:探讨鼻咽癌侵犯海绵窦的CT特点。材料与方法:搜集病理确诊的鼻咽癌伴有前组颅神经损害为主要临床症状的CT资料25例。使用GE Lightspeed GX/i双层螺旋CT;18例进行CT增强扫描。结果:(1)两侧海绵窦不对称侵犯,左12例,右9例,双侧4例;(2)受累海绵窦呈局限或弥漫性增厚17例;(3)颈内动脉受累8例,颅神经受累21例,视神经受累3例;(4)海绵窦异常强化17例,脑膜异常强化3例;(5)骨质破坏:蝶窦7例,筛窦3例,颅底17例。结论:CT可精确显示鼻咽癌侵犯海绵窦的部位、途径、范围和程度,是优良的诊断方法。     

步长稳心颗粒治疗慢-快综合征95例疗效观察

目的:观察步长稳心颗粒对慢一快综合征的临床疗效。方法:95例慢-快综合征患者随机分为治疗组和对照组两组,治疗组给步长稳心颗粒,9克/次,每天3次,共4周。对照组给胺碘酮,0.2肷,每天3次,7天后改为每天1次,共4周。用药前后做常规心电图和动态心电图。结果:稳心颗粒对快速心律失常显效15例,有效28例,总有效率为86％;对照组显效20例,有效19例,总有效率为87％,两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。稳心颗粒对缓慢心律失常显效20例,有效22例,总有效率为88％;而对照组有效8例,总有率为18％,两组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:步长稳心颗粒是治疗慢-快综合征的理想药物之一。     

The Effect of Exogenous Adenosine in Patients with Neurally-Mediated Syncope and Sick Sinus Syndrome

The effects of a 20-mg IV, bolus of adenosine 5'triphosphate (ATP) on the heart rhythm was studied in 79 patients affected by neurally-mediated syncope (26 cases) or sick sinus syndrome (22 cases) or both syndromes (31 cases) and in 31 healthy control subjects in order to examine the sensitivity of cardiac purinoceptors in such circumstances. During ATP infusion, the sinus cycle lengthened to > 2 seconds in no control, in 1 (4%) patient with neurally-mediated syncope, in 5 (23%) patients with sick sinus syndrome, and in 13 (42%) patients with both neurally-mediated and sick sinus syndromes (P = 0.01). Atrioventricular block occurred in 14 (45%) of controls, in 10 (38%) patients with neurally-mediated syncope, in 4 (18%) patients with sick sinus syndrome, and in 13 (42%) patients with both neurally-mediated syncope and sick sinus syndrome (n.s.). Thus, exogenous ATP exerts different effects on patients with neurally-mediated syncope and patients with sick sinus syndrome. In fact, intrisic disease of the sinus node is necessary to modulate an abnormal adenosine-mediated sinus arrest, whereas patients affected by neurally-mediated syncope alone show a normal sensitivity to the drug administration. The effect of ATP on atrioventricular conduction is greater than that on sinus node and is of similar magnitude in patients and controls; thus the clinical meaning of ATP induced atrioventricular block remains uncertain.     

不同起搏方式对病窦综合征患者房颤发生率的影响

目的　比较病窦综合征患者经心室按需起搏 (VVI)和心房起搏 [包括单心房起搏(AAI)、房室双腔起搏 (DDD)和双房起搏 ]治疗术后前 5年房颤的发生率。方法　对永久性人工心脏起搏器植入术后 5年以上、资料完整的 117例病窦综合征患者进行连续随访 ,平均随访时间(69.3± 6.7)个月 ,其中VVI起搏 83例 ,心房起搏 3 4例。随访内容包括临床表现、心电图和起搏器参数等 ,部分患者有Holter检查资料 ,分析 5年内两组病例房颤的发生率。结果　病窦综合征患者心脏起搏治疗前 5年内总的房颤发生率为 17.0 9% (2 0 /117) ,其中经VVI起搏的 83例患者房颤发生率为 2 2 .89% (19/83 ) ,经心房起搏的 3 4例患者房颤发生率为 2 .94% (1/3 4) ,后者房颤的发生率显著低于前者 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　在起搏治疗的病窦综合征患者中 ,术后前 5年心房起搏比心室起搏治疗有较低的房颤发生率     

Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous xamoterol in patients with sinus node dysfunction

Summary The electrophysiologic effects of xamoterol were studied in ten patients with electrophysiologic evidence of sinus node dysfunction. A significant shortening of mean sinus cycle length, maximal corrected sinus-node recovery time, and the mean of the three longest corrected sinus-node recovery times was observed after intravenous administration of 0.1 mg/kg of xamoterol. The atrioventricular (AV) conduction time and the effective and functional refractory periods of the AV node were shortened as the effective refractory period of the atrium. These effects suggest that xamoterol could be tried safely for the treatment of patients with moderate symptoms due to sinus-node disease.     

Chitosan promotes aquaporin formation and inhibits mucociliary differentiation of nasal epithelial cells through increased TGF‐β1 production

Although endoscopic sinus surgery is the mainstay surgical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis, over 15% of patients require a repeat operation wherein postoperative adhesion formation is one of the main causes of failure. Several recently proposed chitosan‐based biomaterials promote mucosal healing, reduce postoperative adhesion formation and restore mucociliary function of sinonasal mucosa. However, the effects of chitosan on cellular morphology, re‐epithelization, and mucociliary differentiation of nasal epithelial cells (NECs) during the wound healing process have not been thoroughly investigated. The present study investigates the direct effects of chitosan on cellular growth, cellular migration, mucociliary differentiation and aquaporin (AQP) formation of NECs to elucidate the role of chitosan in sinonasal applications. Wound healing assay reveals that proliferation and migration of NECs are inhibited by incubation of chitosan. The NECs become irregular in shape without formation of tight junction and mucociliary differentiation of NECs is inhibited during a culture period with incubation of chitosan. However, AQP3 and AQP5 formation in NECs is significantly higher in chitosan groups than in control groups. Further, expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, Smad2, and Smad3 are significantly higher in the chitosan groups compared with controls. The results of the comparison indicate that chitosan inhibits proliferation, migration and mucociliary differentiation of NECs through increasing production of TGF‐β1. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.