Detecting viruses by using salivary diagnostics

BackgroundDiagnostics that involve the use of oral fluids have become increasingly available commercially in recent years and are of particular interest because of their relative ease of use, low cost and noninvasive collection of oral fluid for testing.Types of Studies ReviewedThe authors discuss the use of salivary diagnostics for virus detection with an emphasis on rapid detection of infection by using point-of-care devices. In particular, they review salivary diagnostics for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus and human papillomavirus. Oral mucosal transudate contains secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) A, as well as IgM and IgG, which makes it a good source for immunodiagnostic-based devices.Clinical ImplicationsBecause patients often visit a dentist more regularly than they do a physician, there is increased discussion in the dental community regarding the need for practitioners to be aware of salivary diagnostics and to be willing and able to administer these tests to their patients.     

假病毒在中和抗体检测中的应用研究进展

目前成功的病毒性疫苗大多通过诱导广谱有效的中和抗体来保护机体免受感染,因此检测血清中和抗体水平对疫苗的免疫效果评价具有重要意义.中和抗体检测的传统方法包括微量细胞病变效应抑制法、蚀斑减少试验等,均需进行活病毒操作.近年来,随着逆转录病毒载体和重组病毒表达技术的发展,假病毒得到越来越多的研究,并被广泛应用在新型疫苗研发、中和抗原表位鉴定、细胞嗜性研究、抗病毒药物筛选、中和抗体检测、基因治疗等方面.此文主要对假病毒在中和抗体检测中的应用进行综述,并总结相关领域的研究进展.     

Anal Canal Carcinoma in a Child With Disorders of Sex Development

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in children is rare. To date, the etiology and outcome of this condition have been not fully understood. Here, we report an 11‐year‐old child with anal canal cancer who had concomitant disorders of sex development. Radiotherapy followed by salvage surgery achieved disease‐free survival of 3 years. Since overexpression of cell cycle regulatory protein p16 was immunohistochemically evident in tumor tissue, human papillomavirus infection was considered as a causative factor in the carcinogenesis.