人乳头瘤状病毒在头颈部鳞状细胞癌中的研究进展

高危型人乳头瘤状病毒是宫颈癌的主要致病因素,近年来研究发现人乳头瘤状病毒感染与头颈部鳞状细胞癌的发生也存在密切关系。本文对人乳头瘤状病毒相关性头颈部鳞状细胞癌的流行病学、致癌机制、诊断方法、治疗及预后等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Meaningful Methods for Increasing Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates: An Integrative Literature Review

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and is a well-known cause of oropharyngeal, cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, and anal cancers. Despite the proven efficacy of the HPV vaccine, vaccination rates remain persistently low. Much literature has focused on attitudes toward the HPV vaccine; however, researchers have also investigated strategies clinicians can use to improve vaccination attitudes and acceptance. Such strategies include provider education, vaccine reminder/recall, and chart audit and feedback. The purpose of this integrative review is to uncover the best evidence-based practice interventions, with the aim of improving HPV knowledge, patient–provider conversations, and immunization uptake. This integrative review concludes that multicomponent interventions have a synergistic effect, resulting in increased provider vaccine support, improved patient/parental attitudes toward HPV vaccination, and increased immunization uptake. Such strategies hold much promise for today's pediatric providers as they work to combat current vaccination disparities.     

Coat as a Dagger: The Use of Capsid Proteins to Perforate Membranes during Non-Enveloped DNA Viruses Trafficking

To get access to the replication site, small non-enveloped DNA viruses have to cross the cell membrane using a limited number of capsid proteins, which also protect the viral genome in the extracellular environment. Most of DNA viruses have to reach the nucleus to replicate. The capsid proteins involved in transmembrane penetration are exposed or released during endosomal trafficking of the virus. Subsequently, the conserved domains of capsid proteins interact with cellular membranes and ensure their efficient permeabilization. This review summarizes our current knowledge concerning the role of capsid proteins of small non-enveloped DNA viruses in intracellular membrane perturbation in the early stages of infection.     

Efficacy of Oral Zinc Sulfate Supplementation on Clearance of Cervical Human Papillomavirus (HPV); A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Aim: Human Papillomavirus is one of the most crucial infectious disease in gynecology disease. To assess the efficacy of supplemental zinc treatment in clearance of HPV infection. Methods: Eighty zinc-sufficient women between 21-55 years, with positive HPV DNA testing, and abnormal cervical cytology in Pap test (ASCUS or LISL) were randomly divided to case (n=40) and control group (n=40). Case group received oral tablets of zinc sulfate twice a day for 3 months while control group received no placebo. During follow-up patients underwent repeat HPV DNA test and PAP test and were evaluated for clearance/persistence of HPV infection and regression/progression in the lesion grading. Results: As far as demographics, serum zinc levels and the relevant risk factors for persistence of HPV were concerned, there was no significant difference between two groups, except for the frequency distribution of HR-HPV which was significantly higher in case  group. Zinc treatment for 3 months reduced the risk of persistence of HPV infection and progression from baseline cytology (OR = 0.130) (CI 95% 0.04-0.381; p <0.001) and 0.301 (95% CI 0.777-0.116; p = 0.012), respectively. Age, initial cytology, HPV type, and contraceptive method were not related to persistence of HPV. Serum zinc levels increased in the casr group as a result of oral zinc consumption for 3-month period, though without any statistical significance (p = 0.407). Conclusion: The results of the following study suggested that oral intake of zinc sulfate supplement for 3 months increases the rates of HPV clearance and resolution of pre-existing cervical lesion.     

Correlates of HPV Knowledge in the Era of HPV Vaccination: A Study of Unvaccinated Young Adult Women

Until recently, awareness of the sexually transmitted infection human papillomavirus—the virus that causes cervical cancer—was relatively low. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with human papillomavirus knowledge now that human papillomavirus vaccines have become widely available. Young adult women (n = 739; aged 18–26 years) attending Florida State University who had not yet initiated human papillomavirus vaccination completed a survey between March–August 2009. The survey assessed human papillomavirus awareness, human papillomavirus knowledge, demographics, socio-political variables, sexual history, and health history variables. Over 97% of participants were aware of human papillomavirus prior to study enrollment; however, knowledge of human papillomavirus was only moderate. A multivariate regression analysis examining factors related to human papillomavirus knowledge revealed five independent correlates: Latina ethnicity, premarital sex values, number of lifetime sexual partners, history of cervical dysplasia, and HIV testing. These variables accounted for 14% of the variance in human papillomavirus knowledge. Less knowledge was observed for Latinas and women opposed to premarital sex. Greater knowledge was observed for women who had been tested for HIV and women with more sexual partners or a history of cervical dysplasia. These findings can inform future human papillomavirus vaccination campaigns and may be particularly useful in developing interventions for individuals with the largest deficits in human papillomavirus knowledge.     

人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈癌的关系及其疫苗的研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的持续感染已被证实是诱发宫颈癌的主要原因,其中高危型HPV(HRHPV)-16,-18感染可引起70％以上感染者发生宫颈癌和癌前病变.因此,预防HPV感染是防治宫颈癌的主要途径.而HPV疫苗的成功研制,在预防宫颈癌方面取得巨大突破.目前,全球广泛应用的2种HPV疫苗,分别为4价的Gardasil(R)(抗HPV-6,-11,-16,-18型,默克公司,美国)和2价的cervarixTM(抗HPV-16,-18型;葛兰素史克公司,英国).本研究拟就HPV感染的致癌机制、流行病学现状及预防性HPV疫苗的作用机制及安全性,综述如下.     

派特灵治疗宫颈高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染的临床观察

目的探讨派特灵在高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的宫颈病变患者中的临床价值。方法2009年6月至2011年6月在南通市妇幼保健院宫颈门诊行宫颈高频电刀电圈切除术治疗，病理学诊断为宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅱ-Ⅲ级，术后6个月细胞学、阴道镜检查正常而高危型HPV检测阳性未自然转阴患者40例，随机分为治疗组及对照组；治疗组给予派特灵局部上药，对照组不再进行任何干预治疗。停药3、6个月后再次进行细胞学及高危型HPV—DNA检测。结果治疗组停药3、6个月后抗HPV感染的总有效率为90．0％、90．0％，对照组总有效率分别为30．0％、35．0％，治疗组的疗效明显高于对照组（∥分别为3．779、3．751，均P〈0．01），3个月及6个月后治疗组HPV—DNA负荷量均较治疗前明显下降（‰分别为3．606、4．365，均P〈0．01），对照组无明显疗效（U0分别为0．947、1．407，均P0〉0．05），治疗HPV负荷的改善率明显高于对照组（U。=3．653，U2=3．147，均P〈0．01）。结论派特灵可用以治疗高危型HPV感染。