丹蛭汤治疗糖尿病末梢神经炎对照研究

[目的]观察丹蛭汤治疗糖尿病末梢神经炎的效果。[方法]将120例糖尿病末梢神经炎患者分成两组,治疗组予丹蛭汤进行治疗,对照组予甲钴胺片和胰激肽原酶进行治疗。[结果]对照组60例,显效27例,有效15例,无效18例,总有效率70.00%;治疗组60例,显效32例,有效24例,无效4例,总有效率93.33%。[结论]丹蛭汤治疗糖尿病末梢神经炎疗效确切,行之有效,值得临床进一步研究和推广应用。     

胰腺癌淋巴转移分子机制研究进展

胰腺癌是实体肿瘤中恶性程度最高的肿瘤之一,具有发病隐匿、手术切除率低、局部侵袭性强、早期容易发生转移、术后易复发、总体预后极差等特点。淋巴转移是胰腺癌最主要的转移方式,也是胰腺癌患者的早期不良预后事件,同时也是胰腺癌术后独立不良预后因子。胰腺癌淋巴转移的发生并不是偶然或随机事件,而更像是由肿瘤细胞与其周围微环境共同精心策划的。越来越多的研究表明,肿瘤转移起始细胞（或肿瘤干细胞）与肿瘤微环境在胰腺癌淋巴转移中起着“唱双簧”的作用。然而,参与整个转移过程的细胞与分子机制复杂,尚未完全阐明。本文结合近年相关文献对胰腺癌淋巴转移的细胞分子机制进行讨论。     

腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术在老年胰腺导管腺癌患者中的肿瘤学疗效研究

目的 研究腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术在老年胰腺导管腺癌患者中的肿瘤学疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2015年1月-2017年12月在复旦大学附属华东医院普外科完成胰十二指肠切除术治疗的胰腺导管腺癌、年龄≥60岁患者的临床资料.根据其手术方式分为腹腔镜(LPD)组与开放(OPD)组,并对2组的手术及肿瘤学资料进行比较.结果 共入组...     

Impact of G-CSF Prophylaxis on Chemotherapy Dose-Intensity,Link Between Dose-Intensity and Survival in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

BackgroundIn metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, few data are available on the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis and its impact on dose-intensity (DI), or the link between DI and progression-free survival (PFS). This study assessed the impact of G-CSF prophylaxis on the DI received by patients and the relationship between full DI and PFS according to chemotherapy regimens.Patients and MethodsPatients from three first-line randomized phase II clinical trials were included in this retrospective cohort. G-CSF prophylaxis groups were identified and balanced according to baseline characteristics using a propensity score. Patients were classified into 2 treatment groups (FOLFIRINOX vs FOLFIRI/nab-paclitaxel (NAB)). DI was a binary variable (full/reduced). Adverse events were defined using NCI-CTCAE v4.0.ResultsOf the 498 patients, 154 (31%) were in “prophylaxis” group; 179 (36%) were treated by FOLFIRINOX and 319 (64%) by FOLFIRI/NAB. In FOLFIRINOX group, G-CSF prophylaxis was significantly associated with a higher rate of full DI (OR, 5.07; 95% CI, 1.52-16.90; P < .01) while in FOLFIRI/NAB group, it was significantly associated with a lower rate of full DI (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06-0.83; P = .03). Full DI was associated with a non-significant increase in PFS (FOLFIRINOX group: HR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59-1.16; P = .27; FOLFIRI/NAB group: HR 0.84; 95% CI, 0.63-1.11; P = .22).ConclusionGranulocyte-colony stimulating factor prophylaxis was associated with a higher rate of full DI with FOLFIRINOX. Full DI was associated with a non-significant increase in PFS. These results need to be confirmed prospectively.     

N064A (Alliance): Phase II Study of Panitumumab,Chemotherapy, and External Beam Radiation in Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

BackgroundThis North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) N064A (Alliance) phase II trial evaluated upfront chemoradiotherapy incorporating the EGFR inhibitor panitumumab, followed by gemcitabine and panitumumab for unresectable, non-metastatic pancreatic cancer.MethodsThe treatment consisted of fluoropyrimidine and panitumumab given concurrently with radiotherapy followed by gemcitabine and panitumumab for 3 cycles followed by maintenance panitumumab. The primary endpoint was the 12-month overall survival (OS) rate and secondary endpoints included confirmed response rate (RR), OS, progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events. Enrollment of 50 patients was planned and the study fully accrued.ResultsFifty-two patients were enrolled, but only 51 were treated and included in the analysis. The median age of patients was 65 years and 54.9% were women. Twenty-two patients received at least 1 cycle of systemic therapy following radiotherapy, but 29 patients received chemoradiotherapy only without receiving subsequent chemotherapy after completion of chemoradiotherapy. The overall RR was 5.9% (95% CI: 1.2%-16.2%). The 12-month OS rate was 50% (95% CI: 38%-67%) which fell short of the per-protocol goal for success (51.1%). The median PFS was 7.4 months (95% CI: 4.5-8.6) and the median OS was 12.1 months (95% CI 7.9-15.9). Grade 3 or higher adverse events were reported by 88%.ConclusionThe combination of panitumumab, chemotherapy, and external beam radiation therapy was associated with very high rates of grades 3-4 toxicities and survival results did not meet the trial’s goal for success. This regimen is not recommended for further study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00601627","term_id":"NCT00601627"}}NCT00601627).     

以健择为主介入治疗联合化疗治疗晚期胰腺癌20例

目的探讨以健择为主介入治疗联合全身化疗治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效。方法在X光监视下将导管插入十二指肠上下动脉,将健择1000mg／m^2以0．9％氯化钠溶液（NS）溶解后每次注入1/2量,氟脲苷（FUDR）0．5g、顺铂（DDP）60mg同样以0．9％氯化钠溶液（NS）溶解后每次靶动脉注入1／2量,d2～d5予全身联合化疗,28d为1周期,完成3个周期评价疗效。结果全组无CR病例,PR11例（55％）,NC6例（30％）,总有效率为55％。结论健择为主介入治疗联合全身化疗治疗晚期胰腺癌有较好的疗效,同时能减轻症状,提高病人的生存质量,但确切疗效有待扩大样本进一步探讨。     

胰腺癌组织中p16基因缺失及其对p16蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨胰腺癌组织中p16基因缺失状态及其对p16蛋白表达的影响。方法 采用聚合酶链反应技术分别检测经显微切割方法获取的p16蛋白免疫组化染色阳性和阴性的胰腺癌组织中p16基因纯合性缺失状态并将结果与p16蛋白表达之间的关系进行分析。结果 32例胰腺癌中分别有20例（62．5％）和21例（65．6％）表现为p16蛋白表达丢失和p16基因纯合性缺失,其中有5例发生于p16基因的第1外显子,12例缺失发生于第2外显子,1例发生于第3外显子,另有3例同时发生于第1和第2外显子。此外还发现无p16蛋白表达的胰腺癌组织发生p16基因纯合性缺失的比例（18／20,90．0％）高于有p16蛋白表达的胰腺癌（3／12,25．0％）;在无p16蛋白表达并伴有p16基因缺失的7例胰腺癌病人中仅有1例生存期超过5mo,而二者均无异常的3例胰腺癌的生存期均超过8mo。结论 胰腺癌组织中的p16基因纯合性缺失可以影响p16蛋白的表达,促使胰腺癌病人的预后更差。     

Association of social determinants of health with late diagnosis and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer

BackgroundPancreatic cancer disparities have been described. However, it is unknown if they contribute to a late diagnosis and survival of patients with metastatic disease. Identifying their role is important as it will open the door for interventions. We hypothesize that social determinants of health (SDH) such as income, education, race, and insurance status impact (I) stage of diagnosis of PC (Stage IV vs. other stages), and (II) overall survival (OS) in Stage IV patients.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database, we evaluated a primary outcome of diagnosis of Stage IV PC and a secondary outcome of OS. Primary predictors included race, income, education, and insurance. Covariates included age, sex and Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score. Univariate, multivariable logistic regression models evaluated risk of a late diagnosis. Univariate, multivariable Cox proportional hazards model examined OS. 95% confidence intervals were used.Results230,877 patients were included, median age of 68 years (SD 12.1). In univariate analysis, a better education, higher income, and insurance decreased the odds of Stage IV PC, while Black race increased it. In multivariable analysis, education [>93% high-school completion (HSC) vs. <82.4%, OR 0.96 (0.93–0.99)] and insurance [private vs. no, OR 0.72 (0.67–0.74)] significantly decreased the risk of a late diagnosis, whereas Black race increased the odds [vs. White, OR 1.09 (1.07–1.12)]. In univariate Cox analysis, having a higher income, insurance and better education improved OS, while Black race worsened it. In multivariable Cox, higher income [>$63,333 (vs. <$40,277), HR 0.87 (0.85–0.89)] and insurance [private vs. no, HR 0.77 (0.74–0.79)] improved OS.ConclusionsSDH impacted the continuum of care for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, including stage at diagnosis and overall survival.     

UBE2C promotes the progression of pancreatic cancer and glycolytic activity via EGFR stabilization-mediated PI3K-Akt pathway activation

BackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most prevalent and deadliest endocrine tumors, yet the mechanisms governing its pathogenesis remain to be fully clarified. While ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) has been identified as an important oncogene in several cancers, its importance in PC has yet to be established.MethodsUBE2C expression in PC tumor samples and cell lines was examined via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), while appropriate commercial kits were used to assess lactate production, ATP generation, and the uptake of glucose.ResultsUBE2C was found to be upregulated in PC patient tumors and correlated with poorer survival outcomes. In PC cell lines, the silencing of this gene suppressed the malignant activity of cells, thus supporting its identification as an oncogene in this cancer type. Mechanistically, UBE2C was found to promote enhanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) protein expression via activating the PI3K-Akt pathway. Moreover, it was found to bind to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), stabilizing it and driving additional PI3K-Akt pathway activation. UBE2C knockdown in PC cells impaired their uptake of glucose and their ability to produce lactate and ATP.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the results of this study support a role for UBE2C as a driver of metastatic PC progression owing to its ability to bind to EGFR and to induce signaling via the PI3K-Akt pathway.     

Liposomal irinotecan (Onivyde): Exemplifying the benefits of nanotherapeutic drugs

Irinotecan is a topoisomerase inhibitor, widely used in treatment of malignancies including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as part of the FOLFIRINOX regimen prescribed as a first‐line treatment in several countries. However, irinotecan has not been successfully introduced as a second‐line treatment for pancreatic cancer and few randomized clinical studies have evaluated its added value. Efficacy of liposomal irinotecan (nal‐IRI) combined with 5‐fluorouracil and leucovorin (5‐FU/LV) was reported in the phase III NAPOLI‐1 trial in metastatic PDAC following failure of gemcitabine‐based therapy. Several features of nal‐IRI pharmacokinetics (PK) could result in better outcomes versus nonliposomal irinotecan. Irinotecan is a prodrug that is converted to active SN‐38 by carboxylesterase enzymes and inactivated by cytochrome P450 3A4/3A5. SN‐38 is inactivated by UGT1A1 enzymes. Individual variations in their expression and activity could influence enhanced localized irinotecan activity and toxicity. Liposomal irinotecan exploits the enhanced permeability and retention effect in cancer, accumulating in tumor tissues. Liposomal irinotecan also has a longer half‐life and higher area under the concentration‐time curve (0–∞) than nonliposomal irinotecan, as the liposomal formulation protects cargo from premature metabolism in the plasma. This results in irinotecan activation in tumor tissue, leading to enhanced cytotoxicity. Importantly, despite the longer exposure, overall toxicity for nal‐IRI is no worse than nonliposomal irinotecan. Liposomal irinotecan exemplifies how liposomal encapsulation of a chemotherapeutic agent can alter its PK properties, improving clinical outcomes for patients. Liposomal irinotecan is currently under investigation in other malignancies including biliary tract cancer (amongst other gastrointestinal cancers), brain tumors, and small‐cell lung cancer.