High resolution FISH to delineate contiguous and small DNA sequences

Somatic and meiotic metaphase, and pachytene chromosomes were subjected to DNA: DNA in situ hybridization to elucidate relative resolution of FISH signals for weak/contiguous hybridization sites. Hybridization with a `350 family' rye repetitive DNA probe pSc 200 characteristically differentiated the rye chromosome 5 from the rest of the complement on account of two small terminal homologous sites in the long arm, resolution of which is substantially improved using pachytene. Higher resolution of the two weak hybridization sites; a very small distal and a small proximal, is unequivocally demonstrated in the FISH painted 5RL examined at pachytene in the 5AS/5RL wheat background. Additionally this probe exhibits a large block of distal telomeric hybridization site in 5RS, followed by a more prominent proximal site homologous to `610 family' rye repetitive probe pSc 250. Precise denaturation – hybridization incubation and post hybridization stringency washing facilitates spatial resolution of contiguous repetitive rye probes pSc 200 and pSc 250, and physical localisation of small RFLP probe xpr 115 of wheat on barley chromosomes.     

Chromosomal aberrations in thyroid follicular-cell neoplasia: in the search of novel oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes

Thyroid cancer derived from the follicular cell is characterised by specific gene alterations that are closely linked to the various pathological types comprising papillary, follicular and anaplastic thyroid cancer. However, the correlation between molecular biology and pathology is not absolute, since about 30% of cases do not harbour the typical gene alterations. This situation, coupled with the demonstration of genetic heterogeneity in thyroid cancer, is a strong motivation for the search of novel gene alterations. Chromosomal aberrations are a good starting point to initiate this search and therefore the current knowledge on chromosomal alterations in thyroid follicular-cell neoplasia is reviewed in this article. An overview on molecular cytogenetic approaches for this strategy is also provided. The identification of novel genetic markers in thyroid cancer will be further improved by integrative approaches combining data from genomic and expression analyses with clinical data. This approach is powerful to identify genetic markers as well as new therapeutic targets in follicular-cell thyroid cancer.     

Rationale for and measurement of liposomal drug delivery with hyperthermia using non-invasive imaging techniques

The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the state-of-the-art imaging modalities used to track drug delivery from liposomal formulations into tumors during or after hyperthermia treatment. Liposomes are a drug delivery system comprised of a phospholipid bilayer surrounding an aqueous core and have been shown to accumulate following hyperthermia therapy. Use of contrast-containing liposomes in conjunction with hyperthermia therapy holds great promise to be able to directly measure drug dose concentrations as well as to non-invasively describe patterns of drug distribution with MR and PET/SPECT imaging modalities. We will review the rationale for using this approach and the potential advantages of having such information available during and after treatment.     

Reduced exposure to organic solvents by use of water-based paint systems in car repair shops

Objective The objective of this study was to determine to what extent the substitution of solvent-based paint by water-based paint has reduced potential exposure to organic solvents for spray painters in car repair shops.Methods Full-shift personal air sampling (n=79) was carried out over 3 consecutive days in eight car repair shops. Blood samples on the Monday morning (n=26) and at the end of the shift on the Wednesday (n=26), were analysed for organic solvents by headspace techniques.Results Toluene was the organic solvent detected at the highest geometric mean concentration in air samples when solvent-based paint systems were used (0.8 ppm), whereas xylene was found at the highest level when water-based systems were used (0.25 ppm). Toluene, isopropanol, acetone and butyl acetate were detected at higher concentrations when solvent-based paint was used than when water-based paint was employed. The additive factor, based on Norwegian limit values, was three-times higher for the painters using solvent-based paint (0.15) than for those using water-based paint (0.05). On Wednesday after shift the geometric mean of toluene in blood was significantly higher for the painters using solvent-based paint (0.044 g/ml) than for the painters using water-based paint (0.007 g/ml). There was a significant correlation between toluene in personal air samples and toluene in blood samples taken at the end of the shift on the same day.Conclusions When solvent-based paint systems were used the additive factor for organic solvent exposure was three-times higher than when water-based systems were employed. The exposure levels of the organic solvents were well below the Norwegian limit values. The significant correlation between the toluene concentration in air and blood samples indicated that the uptake of organic solvents was correspondingly reduced. At the levels of organic solvents presently described the risk of acute and chronic health effects caused by organic solvents is low.     

胃肠道精细检查中流动与涂布对微细病变检出意义

目的 胃肠道精细检查中，有目的的运用流动与涂布显示微细结构。方法 行低张双对比检查，多轴体位观察。结果 提高病变显相率，X线诊断正确率。结论 认识病变动态变化，检出微细病变意义。     

苏轼文人画理论初探

苏轼致力于对绘画本体进行认知 ,从“理”出发 ,提出了“随物赋形”、形神统一及诗画结合的文人画论 ,确立了文人画在中国绘画史上的地位。其画论承前启后 ,丰富了中国画论的宝库     

t(15;17)的变异型插入易位ins(17;15)(q21;q14q22)的细胞遗传学和分子遗传学研究

目的　报道 1例 t(15 ;17)的变异型插入易位 ins(17;15 ) (q2 1;q14 q2 2 )病例及其染色体涂染、逆转录 - PCR的研究结果。方法　骨髓细胞经直接法或 2 4 h培养和外周血单采白血病细胞培养 6天后制备染色体标本 ,以 R显带技术进行核型分析 ;以 15号和 17号整条染色体涂染探针进行染色体涂染 ;以逆转录 -PCR技术检测 PML - RARα和 RARα- PML融合基因的转录本。结果　该患者骨髓细胞和外周血白血病细胞染色体 R显带核型分析结果均提示 15 q-和 17q ;涂染研究证实 17号染色体长臂插入一段 15号染色体来源的染色体片段 ;逆转录 - PCR检出 PML- RARα融合基因短型转录本 ,未检出 RARα- PML 融合基因的转录本 ,符合 ins(17;15 )所致的遗传学改变。结论　染色体涂染和逆转录 - PCR技术是明确急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者涉及 15和 17号染色体插入易位的可靠手段。     

The use of laser microdissection for the preparation of chromosome-specific painting probes in farm animals

Laser microbeam microdissection and laser pressure catapulting procedure were used for the construction of chromosome-specific painting probes, arm-specific probes and probes for chromosomal subfragments. We report on a method for generation of fluorescence in-situ hybridization probes from laser dissected chromosomes of farm animals. So far, using the described method, a set of chromosome-specific painting probes has been obtained for all porcine chromosomes, 17 chromosomes of cattle and selected equine chromosomes. It is concluded that the laser technology appears to be a useful and powerful tool for the construction of chromosome-specific painting probes. Its main advantage is the fast non-contact collection of chromosomes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.