团体绘画心理辅导在完善大学生自我概念中的作用研究

目的:探讨团体绘画心理辅导对帮助大学生完善自我概念的作用.方法:招募53名大学生作为团体成员,进行为期2个月,共7个单元的团体绘画心理辅导.辅导前后采用田纳西自我概念量表对团体成员进行对比测试.结果:团体成员在家庭自我(FA)、自我满意(SA),道德自我(ME)、心理自我(PER)、社会自我(SO)、自我认同(ID)等六个因子有显著提高.结论:团体绘画心理辅导帮助大学生完善自我概念是有效的.     

Implementation of hypoxia imaging into treatment planning and delivery

Purpose

To review the current status of implementation of functional hypoxia imaging in radiotherapy (RT) planning and treatment delivery.

Methods

Before biological imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance (MR) can be used for individual RT adaptation, three main requirements have to be fulfilled. First, tissue parameters have to be derived from the imaging data that correlate with individual therapy outcome. Then, the spatial and temporal stability of hypoxia PET images needs to be established. Finally, the dose painting (DP) concepts have to be practically feasible to be used as a basis for clinical trials.

Results

A number of recent clinical studies could show the correlation of hypoxia PET imaging with different tracers and RT outcome. Most of the studies revealed a correlation between mean or maximum values and parameters assessed from the PET avid volume and treatment success, only few investigations used quantitative imaging. Multiparametric imaging seems to be very valuable. Recently, the spatial and temporal stability of hypoxia PET attracted attention. Temporal changes in the distribution of functional tumour properties were reported. Furthermore, technical feasibility of DP by contours (DPC) as well as DP by numbers (DPBN) was shown by several investigators. The challenge is now to design clinical studies in order to prove the impact of DP treatments on individual therapy success.

Conclusion

A patient-specific adaptation of RT based on functional hypoxia imaging with PET is possible and promising. Conceptual feasibility could be shown for DPBN whereas to date, only DPC seems to be plausible and feasible in a clinical context.     

深圳市福田区小型印刷企业负责人职业卫生知识态度行为调查

目的了解深圳市福田区小型印刷企业负责人职业卫生知识、态度和企业职业卫生行为现状,探索促进企业开展职业病防治工作的有效措施。方法采用随机抽样的方法,对福田辖区86名小型印刷企业负责人进行横断面问卷调查。结果被调查对象知识得分,在文化程度、近3年内是否参加过职业卫生知识培训、近3年内被卫生监督次数组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);态度和行为得分,在近3年内是否参加过职业卫生培训、近3年内被卫生监督次数组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。影响企业负责人知识的因素依次为近3年内被监督次数、文化程度、近3年内是否参加过职业卫生培训,影响企业负责人态度和行为的因素依次为近3年内被监督次数、近3年内是否参加过职业卫生培训。结论深圳市福田区小型印刷企业负责人知识水平不高,对职业病防治工作不够重视,加强对小型印刷企业的职业卫生监督、职业卫生培训是行之有效的干预措施,同时对低文化水平的负责人要加强干预。     

Hexavalent chromium and isocyanate exposures during military aircraft painting under crossflow ventilation

Exposure control systems performance was investigated in an aircraft painting hangar. The ability of the ventilation system and respiratory protection program to limit worker exposures was examined through air sampling during painting of F/A-18C/D strike fighter aircraft, in four field surveys. Air velocities were measured across the supply filter, exhaust filter, and hangar midplane under crossflow ventilation. Air sampling conducted during painting process phases (wipe-down, primer spraying, and topcoat spraying) encompassed volatile organic compounds, total particulate matter, Cr[VI], metals, nitroethane, and hexamethylene diisocyanate, for two worker groups: sprayers and sprayer helpers (“hosemen”). One of six methyl ethyl ketone and two of six methyl isobutyl ketone samples exceeded the short term exposure limits of 300 and 75 ppm, with means 57 ppm and 63 ppm, respectively. All 12 Cr[VI] 8-hr time-weighted averages exceeded the recommended exposure limit of 1 µg/m³, 11 out of 12 exceeded the permissible exposure limit of 5 µg/m³, and 7 out of 12 exceeded the threshold limit value of 10 µg/m³, with means 38 µg/m³ for sprayers and 8.3 µg/m³ for hosemen. Hexamethylene diisocyanate means were 5.95 µg/m3 for sprayers and 0.645 µg/m³ for hosemen. Total reactive isocyanate group—the total of monomer and oligomer as NCO group mass—showed 6 of 15 personal samples exceeded the United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive workplace exposure limit of 20 µg/m³, with means 50.9 µg/m³ for sprayers and 7.29 µg/m³ for hosemen. Several exposure limits were exceeded, reinforcing continued use of personal protective equipment. The supply rate, 94.4 m³/s (200,000 cfm), produced a velocity of 8.58 m/s (157 fpm) at the supply filter, while the exhaust rate, 68.7 m³/s (146,000 cfm), drew 1.34 m/s (264 fpm) at the exhaust filter. Midway between supply and exhaust locations, the velocity was 0.528 m/s (104 fpm). Supply rate exceeding exhaust rate created re-circulations, turbulence, and fugitive emissions, while wasting energy. Smoke releases showing more effective ventilation here than in other aircraft painting facilities carries technical feasibility relevance.     

黏结剂Single bond 2不同涂布方式下人牙本质黏结界面的环境扫描电镜观察

目的：比较黏结剂Single bond2 不同涂布方式下牙本质黏结界面的形态学变化，为临床选择黏结剂应用方法提供参考依据。方法：暴露新鲜拔除的人第三磨牙牙本质，应用不同方式（包括涂布力度、方向、层数和同化次数）分组进行黏结剂涂布，然后，在环境扫描电镜下直接观察牙本质黏结界面的形态差异。根据黏结剂分布是否均匀、封闭牙本质小管的程度以及黏结剂渗入牙本质小管的情况判断效果。结果：黏结剂涂布力度方面，轻涂比重涂好；涂布方向，同向涂布比反复涂布好；涂布层数，涂2层较涂1层或4层好；固化方式，固化1次较固化2次好。结论：临床使用第五代黏结剂Single bond 2时，推荐同向轻涂2遍后固化的方法，可使黏结剂均匀分布，并较好地封闭牙本质小管。     

Multi-modality functional image guided dose escalation in the presence of uncertainties

Background and purpose

In order to increase local tumour control by radiotherapy without increasing toxicity, it appears promising to harness functional imaging (FI) to guide dose to sub-volumes of the target with a high tumour load and perhaps de-escalate dose to low risk volumes, in order to maximise the efficiency of the deposited radiation dose.

Methods and materials

A number of problems have to be solved to make focal dose escalation (FDE) efficient and safe: (1) how to combine ambiguous information from multiple imaging modalities; (2) how to take into account uncertainties of FI based tissue classification; (3) how to account for geometric uncertainties in treatment delivery; (4) how to add complementary FI modalities to an existing scheme. A generic optimisation concept addresses these points and is explicitly designed for clinical efficacy and for lowering the implementation threshold to FI-guided FDE. It combines classic tumour control probability modelling with a multi-variate logistic regression model of FI accuracy and an uncomplicated robust optimisation method.

Results

Its key elements are (1) that dose is deposited optimally when it achieves equivalent expected effect everywhere in the target volume and (2) that one needs to cap the certainty about the absence of tumour anywhere in the target region. For illustration, an example of a PET/MR-guided FDE in prostate cancer is given.

Conclusions

FDE can be safeguarded against FI uncertainties, at the price of a limit on the sensible dose escalation.     

乳腺癌手术患者绘画训练主导的功能锻炼研究

目的探讨绘画训练主导的功能锻炼对乳腺癌术后患者负性情绪、患侧肢体功能和淋巴水肿的影响。方法将90例乳腺癌手术患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组各45例。对照组实施乳腺癌常规护理,干预组在常规护理基础上进行绘画训练主导的功能锻炼。结果干预14d后,干预组肩关节前屈、后伸、外展、内收角度显著高于对照组,激惹、抑郁和焦虑得分显著低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);两组淋巴水肿程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论绘画训练主导的功能锻炼能有效缓解乳腺癌术后患者的负性情绪,改善肩关节活动度,但对淋巴水肿的效果需延长时间进一步观察。