A toolbox for light control of Drosophila behaviors through Channelrhodopsin 2-mediated photoactivation of targeted neurons

In order to study the function of specific neural circuits, we generated UAS-Channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2) transgenic Drosophila and established a ChR2-based system that enables specific activation of targeted neurons in larval and adult fruit flies with blue light illumination, under the control of a newly designed light source that provides fully programmable stimulation patterns. We showed that stimulating selectively the nociceptor of larvae expressing ChR2 elicited light-induced 'pain' response, confined freely behaving larvae in defined area and directed larva migration along a preset route. In freely behaving adult flies, rapid photoactivation of targeted gustatory sensory neurons, dopaminergic modulatory neurons and motor neurons triggered the proboscis extension response, escaping reflex and changes in the locomotion pattern, respectively, with precise temporal control. This non-invasive method for remote control of animal behaviors also provides a potential tool for conducting 'gain of function' studies toward understanding how animal behaviors are controlled by neural activity.     

无痛胃镜检查1000例临床研究

目的探讨无痛胃镜检查术的优越性和安全性。方法应用丙泊酚行无痛胃镜检查1000例,常规胃镜检查1000例作为对照。记录所有患者不适反应以及心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、血压(BP)的变化。结果无痛组患者咳嗽、咽痛等不适反应的发生率明显低于常规胃镜检查组,二者有显著性差异(P<0.01);96%的无痛组患者愿意再次接受胃镜检查,较常规组(22.0%)有显著性差异(P<0.01)。两组检查前或麻醉前HR、SBP、DBP、SpO2均正常,无痛组检查中、检查后上述指标同检查前比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),常规组检查中HR、SBP、DBP升高,与检查前差异有显著意义(P<0.05),检查中两组HR、SBP、DBP比较,差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论无痛胃镜检查是一种安全、有效的检查方法。     

异丙酚-瑞芬太尼在胃镜检查的应用观察

目的研究异丙酚-瑞芬太尼在胃镜检查中应用的镇静效果及安全性。方法胃镜检查患者镇静组106例给予异丙酚-瑞芬太尼镇静,对照组162例常规胃镜检查。比较两组患者胃镜检查中的反应和感受、检查时间,记录镇静组清醒时间。结果与对照组相比,镇静组患者胃镜检查时间短(P<0.05),患者98.1%舒适无痛苦(P<0.05);镇静组清醒时间为(7.9±2.9)min。结论胃镜检查中适量应用异丙酚-瑞芬太尼镇静、镇痛是安全、有效的。     

无痛人工流产的围手术期护理

目的探讨无痛人工流产的围手术期护理体会。方法对90例无痛人工流产患者围手术期给予综合护理措施。术前重点做好心理支持和护理准备,术中严密观察病情和精细配合手术,术后进行正确的健康指导。结果本组均顺利完成手术,无人工流产综合征发生。结论良好的围手术期护理是无痛人工流产术成功实施的重要保证。     

无痛留置导尿在手术病人中的应用

目的探讨无痛留置导尿在手术病人中的应用。方法对200例病人在手术室施行麻醉后做无痛留置导尿的观察。结果病人无不适,无痛苦。结论无痛留置导尿是安全舒适的护理操作,手术病人的留置导尿宜选择在手术室麻醉后进行。     

依托咪酯在老年人无痛胃镜中的应用

目的观察老年人无痛胃镜检查中应用依托咪酯静脉麻醉的效果及安全性。方法80例实施无痛胃镜检查的老年患者,随机分成2组,静脉注射A组选用异丙酚＋芬太尼,B组选用依托咪酯＋芬太尼。记录2组患者检查前、中、后的心率、血压、脉搏、血氧饱和度、苏醒时间、不良反应及麻醉满意度。结果A组在检查过程中血压、心率变化最大时与检查前相比较,降低20%～30%左右,B组则变化较小,血压仅降低5%左右,心率降低6%左右。结论在为老年人实施无痛胃镜检查时,应用依托咪酯＋芬太尼静脉麻醉可以达到与异丙酚同样满意的麻醉效果,而且在血流动力学方面存在一定的优势。     

磁控胶嚢胃镜与传统胃镜对儿童胃及十二指肠检查的对比分析

目的探讨磁控胶嚢胃镜(magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy, MCCG)在儿童胃、十二指肠检查中的临床应用价值、安全性及与传统胃镜间的差异。方法回顾性分析2020年3月—2022年3月期间在上海市儿童医院门诊或住院的腹痛伴幽门螺杆菌感染的160例8～16岁患儿临床资料。患儿根据胃镜检查方法不同分为MCCG检查组及传统胃镜检查组各80例。观察分析两组患儿上消化道病变的检出情况、检查时间、耐受度及安全性。结果两组患儿分别顺利完成MCCG检查79例及传统胃镜检查78例, 病变检出率两组比较, 食管[1.3%(1/79)比1.3%(1/78), χ2=0.000, P>0.999]、胃[87.3%(69/79)比91.0%(71/78), χ2=0.552, P=0.327]、十二指肠[15.2%(12/79)比19.2%(15/78), χ2=0.450, P=0.533], 组间差异无统计学意义。MCCG组与传统胃镜组检查时间比较差异有统计学意义[72.0(41.0, 109.5)min比6.0(4.3, 7.0)min, U=24,...     

胃镜检查抽吸胃液做细菌培养的探讨

对105例胃十二指肠疾病患者行胃镜检查时抽吸胃液做细菌培养;发现细菌阳性率为55.24%,其中萎缩性胃炎组细菌阳性率为80%,浅表性胃炎组为52%,十二指肠溃疡组为35.7%,三组间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。共培养出5类细菌,较多见的是卡他球菌、大肠杆菌和干燥球菌。     

Endoscopic examination of the operated stomach: A review and a systematic approach

The endoscopist examining a patient with a history of gastric surgery is expected to know details of the history, the present physical condition, and relevant laboratory results. Familiarity with the appropriateness or limiations of different types of fiberscopes in relation to the individual case, and knowledge of how to overcome common difficulties, is important. The preparation must address the particular characteristics of the case, and the endoscopist must be aware of contraindications, complications, and recommendations to be observed in special circumstance. Based on situations confronted in daily practice, the authors suggest a systematic approach to the examination of patients with a history of gastric surgery, and point to the importance of observing the following steps: measurement of the length of the greater curvature in the gastric stump, verification of artifacts and anatomic modifications and their repercussions, removal of symptomatic suture line or staples, dilatation of strictures, fragmentation of bezoars, exeresis of polypoid lesions, collection of tissue samples, and regular follow up of the patients.