p21^WAF1在小儿肾母细胞瘤组织中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨p21^WAF1在肾母细胞瘤中的表达水平，评价p21^WAF1的检测对肾母细胞瘤的诊断和预后判断的应用价值。方法：用免疫组织化学技术检测32例小儿肾母细胞瘤(肿瘤组)和7例小儿非瘤肾组织(对照组)石蜡标本中p21^WAF1的表达，分析p21^WAF1的表达与肾母细胞瘤组织学分型、临床肿瘤分期和淋巴结转移间的关系。结果：1)p21^WAF1在非瘤肾组织中存在基础水平的表达；2)p21^WAF1在肾母细胞瘤中的表达与其组织学分型、临床肿瘤分期和淋巴结转移相关。结论：p21^WAF1的表达在一定程度上有助于肾母细胞瘤的诊断和预后判断。     

静脉丙种球蛋白冲击治疗溶血尿毒综合征

目的探讨大剂量静脉用丙种球蛋白(IVIG)治疗儿童溶血尿毒综合征(HUS)的效果,以降低HUS的病死率。方法将本院收治的HUS 30例分为2组。普通组14例,予以综合治疗、甲泼尼龙静脉冲击及透析;冲击组16例,在普通治疗基础上早期联合应用IVIG,400 mg/(kg.d),3-5 d为1个疗程。结果冲击组病死率6.3%(1/16);普通组病死率42.8%(6/14)。两组病死率经统计学处理有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论IVIG能降低HUS的病死率。     

21世纪护士(师)的提高与发展

进入21世纪之际,医疗卫生事业已发生了巨大的变化,对护理人员的素质要求也更高了,需要有新的创新和建树,自身政治思想、文化水平和技术水平需要相应提高,才能适应新形势下护理事业的迅速发展。     

脑缺血后细胞凋亡与凋亡相关基因

细胞凋亡是一种生理性的细胞死亡，但近年来的研究发现高温、激素、化学物质、营养因子缺乏等均可引起细胞凋亡。脑细胞凋亡不仅仅伴随脑的发育亦见于病理过程，如脑缺血、缺氧，脑损伤。脑缺血后细胞凋亡是近年来的研究热点，大量研究表明细胞凋亡是由相关的遗传基因控制的。细胞凋亡信号传递途径是由特殊的死亡信号激活半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶系统来诱导细胞凋亡。当然，对凋亡在疾病发病机制中的作用及应用凋亡理论和实践来防治疾病方面也取得了较明显的进展。章介绍了细胞凋亡的概述。脑缺血后细胞凋亡和相关基因的研究进展。     

2例麻风病误诊分析

在临床中，我市发现2例界线类偏瘤型麻风病人，被分别误诊5年和4年，现报道如下。     

找回自然健康的睡眠

1.湖北建筑师李先生问:现在褪黑素产品很多,睡眠康宁含片跟其他产品有什么不同?答:市面上褪黑素类产品都是吞服片剂、胶囊、水剂等,服用后首先进入肠胃、肝脏代谢,大部分被分解而失效(肝脏首过效应)。而睡眠康     

抗HIV药物的新发展

随着高效联合抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）的进展，副作用、耐药性等问题日益突出，影响了持续治疗。目前正在研究许多新的药物，它们具有较小的毒副作用、更好的抗病毒及耐药毒株活性、服用方便等优点。本文阐述了正在开发中的核苷类逆转录酶抑制（NRTIs）、非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTIs）、蛋白酶抑制剂（Pis）及HIV病毒进入细胞抑制剂，阐述了它们的作用特点、使用剂量、剂型、抗病毒作用的活性及毒副作用，与其它抗病毒药物相互作用的研究。它们大多将会进入大规模临床研究，并可能获得批准而生产上市。     

与输血不良反应有关的血浆抗-CD36对血小板输注反应的差异

背景和目的 抗-CD36具有重要的临床意义。输血或妊娠产生的血小板免疫球蛋白引起血小板激活，在非溶血性输血反应（NHTRs）中所起的作用已被证明，本文研究血小板对含抗CD36的血浆的体外反应。材料和方法将导致NHTRs和继后引起血小板减少症的含抗-CD36血浆与含CD36血小板一同孵育。血浆诱导的血小板活化是通过检测血小板凝集和RANTES（调节活化、正常、T细胞表达和分泌）释放来说明。结果20份CD36阳性标本只有4份血小板的活化是单独由血浆诱导的。7份受试者的血小板活化是肾上腺素和血浆的联合协同作用诱导的。剩下的9份受试者血小板对血浆无反应。     

Effect of thyrocytes from transgenic mice expressing thyroid specific MHC class Ⅱ on autologous T lymphocyte in vitro

Thyrocytes expressing MHC class Ⅱ molecules were separated from transgenic mice and were co-cultured with autologous spleen T lymphocytes. T cells did not proliferate and were not activated, but CD4+ T cells were promoted into apoptosis.     

放射线联合p53基因及内皮抑素治疗小鼠前列腺癌皮下移植瘤

Objective To test the hypothesis that p53 gene therapy combined with endostatin can enhance tumor response to radiation therapy of RM-1 mouse xenograft prostate cancer and to investigate its mechanism. Methods A mouse prostate cancer model was established. Then mice with xenograft tumor were randomly divided into group A (control), B (radiation), C (radiation and rAdp53), D (radiation and rh-endostatin) and E (radiation and rAdp53 and rh-endostatin). On day 1, rAdp53 was injected intra-tumorously with 1 × 1010 vp per animal to group C and E. From day 1 to 14, rh-endostatin was given 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily to group D and E. On day 4 single fraction of 15 Gy was given to tumors in groups B, C, D and E. Normal saline was injected intra-tumorously or intraperitoneaUy accordingly as control. No treatment was done to group A. Tumor volume was measured daily. Samples were collected on Days 5, 10 and 15. Ki67, CD31, p53 and VEGF were detected by means of immunohistochemistry. Results (1) Radiation alone, radiation combined with intra-tumorous injection of Adp53 and/or intraperitoneal injection of rh-endostatin resulted in tumor growth arrest of RM-1 cells in vivo (P = 0.000). Radiation combined with both rAdp53 and rh-endostatin was the most effective treatment (P < 0.05). (2) All the four treatment groups had a decreased expression of mutant type P53 (P = 0.000). The expression of Ki67 in groups B and C were equal (P 0.05) and increasing (P = 0.000), respectively. Group D had a up-down-up curve (P < 0.05), but group E had a up-down one. On day 5 the expresion of VEGF in group E was the lowest (P < 0.05). An increased expression of MVD compared with the control was shown, and MVD in groups C, D and E were always higher than that in the control (P < 0.05). Conclusions The limitation of radiotherapy could be overcome by combination with beth p53 gene therapy and endostatin on the growth of mouse prostate cancer cell. Radiation, rAdp53 and endostatin have their own role but they can be interacted with each other.