NADPH氧化酶家族在心血管疾病中作用的研究进展

烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶是心血管系统中活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的主要来源,它包 括7种亚型并分别表达在不同的心血管细胞及其细胞器中,参与调节细胞增殖、迁移、分化、凋亡、衰老和炎症反应 等多种活动,其衍生的ROS参与高血压、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病血管病变、心肌梗死后心室重构等多种心血管疾病 的病理过程。     

Respiratory responses of elite oarsmen,former oarsmen,and highly trained non-rowers during rowing,cycling and running

The position of the body and use of the respiratory muscles in the act of rowing may limit ventilation and thereby reduce maximal aerobic power relative to that achieved in cycling or running, in spite of the greater muscle mass involved in rowing. This hypothesis was investigated for three groups of male subjects: nine elite senior oarsmen, eight former senior oarsmen and eight highly trained athletes unskilled in rowing. The subjects performed graded exercise to maximal effort on a rowing ergometer, cycle ergometer and treadmill while respiratory minute volume and oxygen consumption were monitored continuously. The VE at a given during intense submaximal exercise (greater than 75% of maximal ) was not significantly lower in rowing compared with that in cycling and treadmill running for any group, which would suggest that submaximal rowing does not restrict ventilation. At maximal effort, and for rowing were less than those for the other types of exercise in all the groups, although the differences were not statistically significant in the elite oarsmen. These data are consistent with a ventilatory limitation to maximal performance in rowing that may have been partly overcome by training in the elite oarsmen. Alternatively, a lower maximal VE in rowing might have been an effect rather than a cause of a lower maximal if maximal was limited by the lower rate of muscle activation in rowing.     

Release of chemoattractants and neutrophil activation in acute myocardial infarction immediately after successful recanalization of the infarct-related vessel by angioplasty

The study investigated inflamatory responses in evolving myocardialinfarction. Fifteen patients with acute myocardial infarction,who had undergone balloon recanalization of the infarct-relatedcoronary artery within 4 h after onset of symptoms, were examined.Blood samples were obtained through the guiding catheter andfrom the pulmonary artery before and immediately after successfulrecanalization. After recanalization, plas from the pulmonaryartery was 47% (quartiles: l9%, 78; P =0·001) more chemotacticto neutrophils from normal donors than before recanalization.Furthermore, significant changes in neutrophil function werefound in the pulmonary artery. Compared to the values beforerecanalization, the nitroblue tetrazolium score rose by 31%(quartiles: 4%, 37% P=0·003), FMLP-stimulated superoxideanion production by 10% (quartiles: 0%, 39% P=0·020),and chemotaxis by 46% (quartiles: 0%, 81%, P=0·011),while neutrophil filterability decreased by 28% (quartiles:15%, 47%; P=0·010). No significant changes in neutrophilparameters were found in the arterial blood The study indicatesthat chemoattractants are released in the early reperfusionperiod of evolving myocardial infarction. These chemoattractantsmay act as inflammatory mediators causing neutrophil activation.     

FY—120型小型制氧机的研究

FY－120型小型制氧机的氧产量为2L／min、氧浓度≥90％,整个程序控制系统用自行研制的一个双向模拟移动功能阀实现,结构独特,流程先进。整机体积小,重量轻;工作性能可靠,全自动运行;开机即产氧,噪音低。是医院病房和家庭医疗保健的理想装置。     

潜艇常见气体对离体细胞化学发光的影响

目的 :用化学发光法检测O2 、CO2 、CO和正庚烷 (CxHy)四种气体对离体家兔肺泡巨噬细胞 (AM )的直接效应。 方法 :将AM悬液暴露于上述气体 ,不同时间检测用PMA激发的细胞发光及其存活率。结果 :培养在 99.5 %N2 (0 .5 %O2 )中的AM受激发光仅能维持 10h ;高浓度O2 、CO2 、CO和CxHy具有刺激或增强AM发光之效应 ;含 16 %O2 、1.9%CO2 、46mg/m3 CO和 176mg/m3 CxHy的模拟潜艇混合气体未见对AM激发光功能和存活率产生不利影响。结论 :空气氧含量对细胞十分重要 ,提高氧浓度有利于细胞存活 ,但氧浓度 >16 %和 <2 0 %的低氧还原性气体环境更有利细胞长时间生存。     

Reactive oxygen species in NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate neurotoxicity

In search of endogenous protective substances that inhibit neurotoxic action of glutamate and nitric oxide (NO), we found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), acting on TrkB receptor tyrosine kinase, inhibited neurotoxicity induced by glutamate and NO donors in cultured cortical neurons. In co-cultures of the mesencephalon and striatum, projection of mesencephalic dopamine neurons to the striatum attenuated N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cytotoxicity in dopamine neurons themselves. Growth factors such as neurotrophins, which the target cells in the striatum would synthesize and secrete, may offer the protection of dopamine neurons against glutamate neurotoxicity.     

Effects of a leucocyte depleting arterial line filter on perioperative proteolytic enzyme and oxygen free radical release in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery

BACKGROUND: Proteolytic enzymes and oxygen free radicals released from activated leucocytes contribute significantly to the organ dysfunction associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. Leucocyte depletion during extracorporeal circulation should reduce the release of these toxic compounds and thereby improve postbypass myocardial and pulmonary function. Recently, a leucocyte-specific arterial line filter to achieve leucocyte depletion during clinical perfusion has become commercially available. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the influence of the leucocyte depleting arterial line filter on proteolytic enzyme release, oxygen free radical release and postbypass pulmonary and myocardial function in patients undergoing bypass surgery. METHODS: Forty patients undergoing elective aortocoronary bypass surgery were included into this prospective, randomized clinical study, 20 in the leucocyte depletion (LG-6 group, leucocyte-specific arterial line filter) and 20 in the control group (AV-6 group, standard arterial line filter). White cell count, differential white cell count, plasma elastase concentration, plasma malondialdehyde concentration and C-reactive protein were determined before, twice during and immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass, at the end of surgery and 6 and 20 h thereafter. RESULTS: White cell count, differential white cell count, malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein were not significantly different between LG-6 and control patients. Plasma elastase concentrations were significantly (P < or = 0.03) higher during and immediately after extracorporeal circulation in LG-6 group patients. Need for inotropic support, arterial pO2 after extracorporeal circulation and perioperative CK MB mass and troponin I release were not different between the two groups of patients. CONCLUSION: The use of a leucocyte depleting arterial line filter is associated with an increased release of the proteolytic enzyme elastase, but does not reliably and consistently achieve effective leucocyte depletion during clinical perfusion. In contrast to previous studies, we could not demonstrate any significant difference in postbypass pulmonary or myocardial function between patients perfused with the leucocyte-specific arterial line filter and control patients. Our data do not support the routine use of a leucocyte depleting arterial line filter during clinical perfusion in patients undergoing elective aortocoronary bypass surgery.     

Haemodynamic study as guideline for the use of beta blockers in acute theophylline poisoning

It has been proposed that -blocker therapy reverses metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in acute theophylline poisoning. We present a case of acute theophylline overdose treated with esmolol under haemodynamic control. Haemodynamic monitoring was useful in determining the appropriate duration of administration of esmolol and in deciding on treatment with fluids.     

Laminar organization of the extraocular muscles of the rabbit.

Studies of bilateral hemispheric somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were carried out on 17 comatose patients following closed-head injury. Control evoked potentials were obtained from 74 normal volunteers. A prognosis of potential recovery or nonrecovery from coma was made in all 17 patients based on the SEP analyses. All subjects underwent bilateral median and peroneal nerve stimulation and responses were averaged from scalp electrodes placed over the somatotopic sensory cortex for the wrist and leg. The prognostic outcome of all 17 patients was accurately predicted following SEP analysis. Results show that 4 of 17 patients with prognoses of “positive recovery” had eight defined SEP peaks present within a time base analysis of 300 ms. Twelve patients with prognoses of “negative recovery” had five or less SEP peaks present within a time base of 500 ms. The majority of the “negative recovery” patients showed only SEP primary waveform components consisting of two peaks. The data suggest a potentially useful method using SEP analysis to prognosticate the possible recovery from clinical coma.     

Effect of delayed administration of activated charcoal on nortriptyline absorption

Summary Activated charcoal is known to reduce the absorption of therapeutic doses of nortriptyline in vivo when administered 30 min after drug ingestion. In a group of volunteers, one sachet (10 g) of a new activated charcoal preparation, Medicoal was found to produce a highly significant reduction in nortriptyline absorption when given as long as four hours after nortriptyline dosing. Activated charchoal may therefore be useful in the treatment of tricyclic antide-pressant poisoning even if a delay of several hours ensues before medical help is sought.