Effect of β-naphthoflavone on AhR-regulated genes (CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2S1, Nrf2, and GST) and antioxidant enzymes in various brain regions of pig

The constitutive and inducible expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and of the AhR-regulated genes coding for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2S1, and Nrf2 was investigated by real-time or traditional PCR in cerebral areas (cortex, cerebellum, midbrain, and hippocampus), blood–brain interfaces (meninges and brain microvessels) and liver obtained from control pigs and from pigs treated with β-naphthoflavone (βNF), a potent AhR agonist. The enzymatic activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), and methoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (MEROD), marker for CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, the GST and various antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, GSSG-reductase, and GSH-peroxidase) were also determined in the same CNS regions. The AhR, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, Nrf2 mRNAs were detected, although at different extent, in all the CNS regions, while CYP2S1 mRNA was detected only in midbrain. In the blood–brain interfaces, the constitutive basal expression of AhR and CYP1A1 was comparable to the hepatic one and even higher for CYP1B1 and Nrf2. The treatment with βNF determined the induction of CYP1A1 and 1B1 (but not of AhR, CYP1A2, and Nrf2) mRNA levels in various CNS areas; notably, CYP1A1 mRNA was increased to about 300-fold in the microvessels. The analysis of enzymatic activities revealed that EROD, but not MEROD, was induced in microsomes but not in mitochondria of all the CNS areas. However, the mitochondrial EROD activities were comparable (in midbrain, meninges) or higher (in cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus) than the microsomal ones, suggesting an important metabolic function of CYP1A1 in this subcellular localization. The activities of GST and antioxidant enzymes were detected in all CNS tissues, with levels lower than the hepatic ones, but found quite evenly distributed and marginally affected by βNF treatment. The high expression of metabolic enzymes found in blood–brain interfaces could represent a very important defence toward toxins of CNS.     

Propolis alleviates aluminium-induced lipid peroxidation and biochemical parameters in male rats

Aluminium is present in many manufactured foods and medicines and is also added to drinking water during purification purposes. Therefore, the present experiment was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of propolis in alleviating the toxicity of aluminium chloride (AlCl₃) on biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation of male Wistar Albino rats. Animals were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: control; 34 mg AlCl₃/kg bw; 50 mg propolis/kg bw; AlCl₃ (34 mg/kg bw) plus propolis (50 mg/kg bw), respectively. Rats were orally administered their respective doses daily for 70 days. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was increased, and the activities of glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased in liver, kidney and brain of rats treated with AlCl₃. While, TBARS was decreased and the antioxidant enzymes were increased in rats treated with propolis alone. Plasma transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-c were increased, while total protein, albumin and high HDL-c were decreased due to AlCl₃ administration. The presence of propolis with AlCl₃ alleviated its toxic effects in rats treated with AlCl₃. It can be concluded that propolis has beneficial influences and could be able to antagonize AlCl₃ toxicity.     

污灌玉米中有机污染物对小鼠的遗传毒性及氧化损伤作用

[目的]研究污灌玉米中有机污染物对小鼠的遗传损伤及其氧化损伤机制。[方法]选取某污灌农田产出的玉米为研究对象,地下水灌溉的玉米为对照,采用超声振荡法提取玉米中的有机污染物,对小鼠灌胃法染毒（共分为5组,每组8只：试剂对照组、对照区低剂量组、对照区高剂量组、污灌区低剂量组、污灌区高剂量组）。每日染毒1次,染毒剂量：低剂量组相当于10g玉米干重／（kg·d）,高剂量组相当于60g玉米干重／（kg·d）。连续染毒2周后,进行单细胞凝胶电泳试验、微核试验并测定总超氧化物歧化酶（T—SOD）活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力和丙二醛（MDA）含量。[结果]与试剂对照组比较,对照区各组的T-SOD活力均降低（P〈0．05）;污灌区拖尾率、拖尾长度及微核率均增高,且高于对照区（P〈0．05）;污灌区T—SOD和GSH-PX活力均降低（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）,且低于对照区（P〈0．05）。[结论]该污灌区玉米有机提取物中含有致小鼠遗传毒性及氧化损伤的有机污染物,其毒性强于对照区。     

Anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibody levels are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background  Anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) antibodies are associated with the oxidative capacity of plasma, but whether they protect or promote diabetes is unknown. We undertook a prospective study to determine the predictive capacity of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Materials and methods  We selected 391 non-diabetic women aged 18–65 years. The subjects were classified as being normal (oral glucose test tolerance normal, OGTT-N), or having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or T2DM according to their baseline glucose levels and after an OGTT. The same subjects were studied six years later. The levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies were classified as above or below the 50th percentile.
Results  Of the women who were OGTT-N at the start of the study and who had anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels below the 50th percentile, only 65·1% were still OGTT-N after 6 years versus 79·5% of those who had anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels above the 50th percentile ( P  = 0·015). Women who had IGT or IFG at the start of the study whose anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels were below the 50th percentile had a relative risk of 9·79 (95% confidence interval, 1·40–68·45) of developing diabetes ( P  < 0·001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables predicting the development of a carbohydrate metabolism disorder in the women after 6 years were body mass index ( P  < 0·001) and the levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies ( P  = 0·042).
Conclusions  Levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies are independent predictors for the development of T2DM in women.     

微核试验评价含磷酸氢钙涂层纯镁材料的致突变性

目的通过微核实验检测纯镁微弧氧化（MAO）、二水磷酸氢钙（DCPD）涂层对小鼠的致突变性以评价其生物相容性。方法 30只小鼠,随机分为5组,阴性对照和实验组按50m l/kg分别腹腔注射生理盐水、三种材料浸提液,阳性对照组腹腔注射环磷酰胺（CP）（40mg/kg）,二次注射后6h处死小鼠,取其股骨制备骨髓涂片,观察P/N值,计算微核率。结果各实验组微核率均小于5‰,实验组与阴性对照组无显著差异,与阳性对照组有显著差异。结论涂层后的纯镁对小鼠无潜在的致突变性。     

植物血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体介导氧化型低密度脂蛋白对内皮祖细胞存活和功能的影响

目的 研究植物血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体（LOX—1）是否介导氧化型低密度脂蛋白（oxLDL）对内皮祖细胞（EPC）的存活及功能产生影响。方法 分选脐血CD34^＋细胞,培养于内皮细胞生长培养基（EGM-2）中。培养14d后,部分EPC与10、25、50μg/ml的oxLDL孵育48h;部分EPC先与LOX-1单克隆抗体（LOX—1mAb）预处理24h,再与50μg／ml oxLDL孵育48h;对照组不作处理。检测EPC存活率及EPC迁移、黏附和管状结构形成能力,并检测LOX-1的蛋白及mRNA表达。结果oxLDL浓度为25和50μg／ml时,凋亡率分别为（15．8±1．0）％和（18．8±2．0）％,显著高于对照组的（9．0±1．2）％（P〈0．05）;迁移率分别为（5．7±1．0）％和（5．1±0．8）％,显著低于对照组的（9．5±0．8）％,（P〈0．05）;黏附细胞数分别为（33±2）和（30±3）个,显著少于对照组的（37±5）个（P〈0．05）;形成的管状结构分别为（2．9±0．5）和（1．8±0．5）mm,显著短于对照组的（5．0±0．6）mm（P〈0．05）。OxLDL可增加LOX—1mRNA及蛋白的表达,oxLDL浓度为50μg／ml时,LOX—1mRNA表达由100％增加为（174±39）％,蛋白表达由100％增加为（172±8）％。OxLDL的上述作用能被LOX1mAb所阻断。结论OxLDL可降低EPC存活,抑制EPC功能,其作用是由LOX—1介导的。     

Interleukin-25 reduces Th17 cells and inflammatory responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Background

The absence of interleukin-25 (IL-25) favors the induction of Th1 and Th17 immune responses in mice. Th1 immune responses have been associated with the pathology of atherosclerosis, a lipid and inflammation driven disease of the arterial wall.

血清可溶性凝集素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体1早期诊断急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的价值

目的探讨血清可溶性凝集素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体1（sLOX．1）早期诊断急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEAMI）的价值。方法入选STEAMI组患者65例,对照组30例为稳定性冠心病或非冠心病的心脏病患者,所有患者入院时立即抽血测定血清sLOX．1。结果STEAMI组血清sLOX．1明显高于对照组[以中位数（P25,P75）表示：210．0（130．0,356．0）ng／L与65．5（55．2,85．2）ng／L,Z=6．17、P〈0．001],Logistic回归显示血清sLOX-1与STEAMI独立相关（回归系数值为0．036,P〈0．001）。血清sOX．1诊断STEAMI的ROC曲线下面积为0,895,95％CI：0．831—0．959,P〈0．001。以87．5ng／L为截断值,敏感性84．6％,特异性80％。结论sLOX一1在STEAMI时明显升高,具有早期诊断STEAMI的价值。