Optimising HPV vaccination communication to adolescents: A discrete choice experiment

BackgroundHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage in France is below 30%, despite proven effectiveness against HPV infections and (pre-)cancerous cervical lesions. To optimise vaccine promotion among adolescents, we used a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to identify optimal statements regarding a vaccination programme, including vaccine characteristics.MethodsGirls and boys enrolled in the last two years of five middle schools in three French regions (aged 13–15 years) participated in an in-class cross-sectional self-administered internet-based study. In ten hypothetical scenarios, participants decided for or against signing up for a school-based vaccination campaign against an unnamed disease. Scenarios included different levels of four attributes: the type of vaccine-preventable disease, communication on vaccine safety, potential for indirect protection, and information on vaccine uptake among peers. One scenario was repeated with an added mention of sexual transmission.ResultsThe 1,458 participating adolescents (estimated response rate: 89.4%) theoretically accepted vaccination in 80.1% of scenarios. All attributes significantly impacted theoretical vaccine acceptance. Compared to a febrile respiratory disease, protection against cancer was motivating (odds ratio (OR) 1.29 [95%-CI 1.09–1.52]), but not against genital warts (OR 0.91 [0.78–1.06]). Compared to risk negation (“vaccine does not provoke serious side effects”), a reference to a positive benefit-risk balance despite a confirmed side effect was strongly dissuasive (OR 0.30 [0.24–0.36]), while reference to ongoing international pharmacovigilance without any scientifically confirmed effect was not significantly dissuasive (OR 0.86 [0.71–1.04]). The potential for indirect protection motivated acceptance among girls but not boys (potential for eliminating the disease compared to no indirect protection, OR 1.57 [1.25–1.96]). Compared to mentioning “insufficient coverage”, reporting that “>80% of young people in other countries got vaccinated” motivated vaccine acceptance (OR 1.94 [1.61–2.35]). The notion of sexual transmission did not influence acceptance.ConclusionHPV vaccine communication to adolescents can be tailored to optimise the impact of promotion efforts.     

注射性臀肌纤维化的实验研究

以家兔为实验动物,连续肌注青霉素5天后局部水肿;10天后肌纤维混浊肿胀,纤维母细胞增生;15天后部分肌纤维进行性萎缩,结缔组织大量增生并形成挛缩束带,逐渐取代肌纤维,运动终板形态和结构改变,逐渐消失.预防方法包括分散肌注部位和局部早期热敷.     

日本血吸虫单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30诱导保护性免疫

作者应用正交设计观察了单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30主动免疫诱导的保护性免疫力。对照组接种SP2/0 腹水。实验结果表明,根据不同的免疫方案,NP30主动免疫可产生22.36％～50.46％的减虫率,并确定了最优化免疫方案。本文提示NP30主动免疫对尾蚴攻击可产生一定的保护力,具有血吸虫疫苗候选分子的潜能。     

湿温病湿重于热证的动物实验研究

用多因素综合造模方法,模拟湿温病湿重于热证的发生发展过程,观察实验动物血液生化、免疫功能的变化及病理切片。并用自拟中药燥湿运脾汤治疗模型动物,观察其治疗前后的变化。初步揭示湿重于热证的病理实质以及燥湿运脾汤的作用机理。     

体外受精-胚胎移植模型的建立

目的　为临床治疗不孕症建立体外受精 -胚胎移植 (IVF -ET)动物模型。方法和结果　 1995年 11月开始对小鼠受精卵进行体外培养 ,至 1998年 6月成功地建立了动物模式。结论　根据小鼠受精卵的发育来检测培养液的质量 ,了解仪器设备、周围环境是否适合胚胎的生长 ,将此作为IVF -ET的质量控制。     

电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴对拟血管性痴呆学习记忆障碍小鼠水迷宫实验的影响

目的　观察电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴对拟血管性痴呆小鼠学习记忆障碍的影响。方法　复制脑缺血再灌注拟血管性痴呆小鼠模型 ,并电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴 ,分别于术后 7天、15天、30天 ,与药物喜德镇对照 ,采用水迷宫法 ,记录游全程时间、错误次数。结果　造模导致了小鼠学习与记忆能力下降 ,表现为游全程时间延长 ,错误次数增加 ,且随着观察时间的延长 ,这种改变逐渐加重。电针和喜德镇均可使模型小鼠的游全程时间缩短 ,错误次数减少 ,但电针组于 7天和 30天时 ,成绩显著优于药物组。结论　电针肾俞、膈俞、百会穴对模型小鼠学习与记忆能力下降有改善和提高作用     

正交试验法优选银翘解毒软胶囊的水煮提取工艺

采用Ｌ９（３＾４）正交设计,以浸膏得率,正丁醇浸出率,绿原酸含量为考察指标,优选银翘解毒软胶囊的水煮提取工艺。结果表明：最佳提取工艺为首次加１０倍量水,浸泡３０ｍｉｎ,煎煮２ｈ,第２次加８倍量水,煎煮１．５ｈ。     

清肝袋泡剂治疗高催乳素血症临床与实验研究

目的：进一步观察清肝袋泡剂对高催乳素血症（ＨＰＲＬ）患者的临床疗效,探讨其作用机制。方法：随机将患者分为治疗组１２０例（清肝袋泡剂）,对照组４０例（溴隐亭）。观察血中催乳素（ＰＲＬ）和相关激素水平及症状变化情况,进行疗效对比。同时通过动物实验对内分泌水平及卵巢、子宫、乳腺的组织形态变化进行同步观察。结果：清肝袋泡剂可显著降低患者血清ＰＲＬ水平,对相关激素有良性调节作用,临床疗效良好,与对照组比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;动物实验证明能促进卵泡发育,使子宫内膜出现各动情周期的变化,抑制乳腺腺体增生。结论：清肝袋泡剂可有效治疗ＨＰＲＬ。     

实验性肝硬化大鼠的肝细胞凋亡及其影响因素的研究

实验分为两个阶段 :A .采用复合因素 (CCl4,胆固醇 ,乙醇 )制备大鼠肝硬化模型。B .用自组中药方剂进行治疗 ,观察肝硬化恢复情况和肝细胞凋亡的变化。结果显示 :①用复合因素制备大鼠肝硬化模型的周期为 5 0d。肝硬化大鼠ALT明显升高 ,为 ( 13 5 3 3± 5 9 77)mol/ (s·L) ;A/G比值倒置为 0 60± 0 12。HE染色镜下可见肝组织正常结构消失 ,形成大小不等的假小叶 ,增生和变性坏死的肝细胞并存 ,并可见散在的核固缩、浓染、体积变小的凋亡细胞。流式细胞术分析可见有AP峰出现 ,其细胞凋亡率为 12 3 0 %。C -myc基因表达量明显高于对照组 ,而bcl- 2基因表达量则低于对照组。②肝硬化的大鼠模型用中药治疗 2 0d后 ,体重增加 ,ALT、A/G比值接近正常。病理检查 ,肝硬化时的假小叶逐渐消失 ,变性坏死的细胞减少。DNA电泳显示仍有“Ladder”带纹 ,流式细胞术分析 ,凋亡率、C -myc基因表达量均低于同期的肝硬化非治疗对照 ,而bcl- 2基因则高于对照