Cephalometric risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea

Introduction: Previous studies on risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are highly controversial and mostly identifying a few cephalometric risk factors.

Methods: OSA diagnosis was made according to the patients’ apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Included were 74 OSA patients (AHI > 10) and 52 control subjects (AHI ≤ 10 + free of other OSA symptoms). In both groups, 18 cephalometric parameters were traced (SNA, SNB, ANB, the soft palate’s length (PNS-P), inferior airway space, the distance from the mandibular plane to the hyoid (MP-H), lengths of mandible (Go-Gn) and maxilla (PNS-ANS), vertical height of airway (VAL), vertical height of the posterior maxilla (S-PNS), superior posterior airway space (SPAS), middle airway space, distances from hyoid to third cervical vertebra and retrognathion (HH1), C3 (C3H), and RGN (HRGN), the maximum thickness of soft palate (MPT), tongue length (TGL), and the maximum height of tongue). These parameters were compared using t-test.

Results: Significant variables were SPAS (p = 0.027), MPT, TGL, HH1, C3H, HRGN, PNS-P, S-PNS, MP-H, VAL, and Go-Gn (all p values ≤ 0.006).

Conclusion: OSA patients exhibited thicker and longer soft palates, hyoid bones more distant from the vertebrae, retrognathion, and mandibular plane, higher posterior maxillae, longer mandibles, and smaller superior-posterior airways.     

A scoping review of outcomes related to orthodontic treatment measured in cleft lip and palate

The aim of this study was to identify and summarize the outcomes measured in orthodontic studies of children with cleft lip and/or palate. The objectives were to categorize the outcomes into pre-determined domains and to explore whether any domains were under-represented. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched until December 2016 to identify all studies of orthodontic treatment interventions in children and adolescents with cleft lip and palate. Abstracts and subsequently eligible full-text articles were screened independently and in duplicate by two reviewers. All reported outcome measures were identified and categorized into six predetermined outcome domains. The search identified 833 abstracts. The majority of studies did not assess orthodontic interventions and were therefore not eligible for inclusion. Consequently, following screening 71 eligible articles were retrieved in full, of which 40 met the inclusion criteria. Morphological features of malocclusion were measured in 27 studies (68%) and adverse effects of orthodontic treatment in 10 (25%). Functional status (n=4; 10%), physical consequences of malocclusion (n=3; 7.5%), quality of life (n=3; 7.5%) and health resource utilization (n=2; 5%) were rarely considered. Relatively few studies concerning patients with cleft lip and palate focused on orthodontic interventions. Most of the identified outcomes were concerned with measuring morphological treatment-related changes and do not reflect patient perspectives.     

牙周膜本构模型的研究进展

牙周膜的形变与牙齿的移动联系密切,阐明两者之间的关系对于正畸治疗有很大帮助.建立牙周膜本构模型对研究牙周膜应力-应变关系有重要意义.线弹性、非线性等本构模型已被提出,但仍存在争议,主要原因是牙周膜体内、体外的实验数据不够精确.本文就牙周膜本构模型的种类,牙周膜相关体内、体外实验的进展作一综述,并进行了展望.     

口腔正畸学临床教学方法改革探讨

目的：提高口腔医学专业本科生运用口腔正畸学理论知识解决临床问题的能力。方法选取潍坊医学院口腔医学专业43名本科生分为2组,分别采用以问题为基础学习和以讲授为基础学习的教学方法进行口腔正畸学临床教学,通过测验和问卷调查评价教学效果。结果2组学生课后的测试成绩均有提高,但差异无统计学意义;学生对以问题为基础学习在理论知识结合临床应用方面的评价较高,认为有利于巩固基础知识,增强交流沟通能力。结论以问题为基础的学习更有利于提高学生运用理论知识指导临床实践的能力。     

Alveolar corticotomies for accelerated orthodontics: A systematic review

Introduction

It has been suggested that alveolar corticotomies may accelerate tooth movement, broaden the scope of malocclusion types that can be treated orthodontically, decrease the need for extractions, and support long-term stability. Several techniques have been proposed, although the indications, ideal design and technical characteristics, potential complications, and objective clinician and patient satisfaction remain unclear. This systematic review aimed to provide scientific support to validate alveolar corticotomies as a reliable approach to accelerated orthodontics.