原位肛门整形重建术的研究

目的：探讨改进的内外括约肌在原位肛门整形重建术中的应用及其手术效果。方法：改进包括：①肛门内括约肌改进为双层双环肌套；②肛门外括约肌改进为股薄肌采用“围巾式”环绕结肠末端一周，其远端剖为两条，一条缝合固定于耻骨韧带；另一条缝合固定于骶尾韧带，即为肛门外括约肌重建和外括约肌浅部和深部的重建。结果：38例术后肛门外形及功能和远期生活质量、生存率均更为满意。术后随访总优良率达94．73％；远期生存率达76．32％。结论：低位直肠癌Miles术后，同时行改进的内外括约肌原位肛门整形重建的效果是可行的，更接近正常的肛门解剖结构和生理功能。     

血清降钙素原、C-反应蛋白及脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶检测在小儿中枢神经系统感染的价值

目的：探讨与分析血清降钙素原、C-反应蛋白及脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶检测在小儿中枢神经系统感染的价值。方法随机选取2010年4月-2014年4月于该院接受治疗的60例中枢神经系统感染患儿作为研究对象,所有患儿均在入院后实施血清降钙素原、C-反应蛋白及脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶检测,评估其诊断价值。结果细菌感染组患儿血清内PCT、CRP及脑脊液LDH浓度水平明显高于病毒感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三者联合检测灵敏度与准确度明显高于单项检测与两项联合检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论三者联合检测可有效提升小儿中枢系统感染的检出率,同时在鉴别病毒性与细菌性感染方面有一定的价值,有利于早期的鉴别诊断及积极治疗。     

高速涡轮牙钻及微创拔牙刀在阻生智齿拔除术中的应用效果

目的 探究高速涡轮牙钻及微创拔牙刀在阻生智齿拔除术中的应用效果。方法 选取2016年12月至2017年12月行阻生智齿拔除术的患者70例,根据拔牙方法将患者分为对照组（35例）与微创组（35例）,对照组采取常规拔牙方法,微创组采取高速涡轮牙钻及微创拔牙刀拔牙。比较两组的手术指标（拔牙完整性、张口受限度、肿胀度、手术时间）、疼痛程度、并发症发生情况和术后生活质量（心理职能、生理功能、躯体疼痛、活力）。结果 微创组患者的拔牙完整性、张口受限度、肿胀度、手术时间4项手术指标均优于对照组（P均<0.05）。微创组和对照组患者治疗前的疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,治疗后微创组VAS评分较对照组下降（P<0.05）。微创组并发症总发生率为11.43%（4/35）,低于对照组[34.29%（12/35）,P<0.05]。微创组术后3个月的心理职能等生活质量各项评分均高于对照组（P均<0.05）。结论 阻生智齿拔除术中应用高速涡轮牙钻及微创拔牙刀可有效提高治疗效果、减少并发症发生。     

云南永胜县总管田村钉螺分布调查——河边田钉螺原始分布状态初步报告

云南省永胜县总管田村是1981年才发现的血吸虫病较小流行区。该村的钉嫘主要分布在河边田,在历史上河边田从未灭过螺,其钉螺的分布情况纯属原始分布状态。我们对河边田的钉螺分布状态进行了详细地调查,证实了河边田的钉螺原始分布状态呈孤立、分散的岛状分布。其状况与大理福星村的钉螺分布状态一致。     

Correlation between ELISA,hemagglutination inhibition,and neutralization tests after vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis

The significance of IgG antibody levels determined by a binding assay (ELISA) was investigated as a surrogate marker for the presence of neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies in sera from individuals vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). To assess the extent of interference by flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies, sera from persons with a proven or suspected history of other flavivirus infections and/or vaccinations were also examined. An excellent and highly significant correlation was found between ELISA IgG units and the antibody titers obtained by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) as well as by the neutralization test (NT), provided that there was no other exposure to flavivirus antigens except TBE vaccination. Yellow fever vaccination and/or dengue virus infections induced significant levels of antibodies reactive in the TBE ELISA and HI test, which did not exhibit, however, neutralizing activity against TBE virus. The phenomenon and problem of “original antigenic sin” was demonstrated in a TBE vaccinee with a history of previous flavivirus infections. TBE vaccination first induced a booster reaction resulting in a rise in the level of cross-reactive antibodies only, whereas TBE virus-neutralizing antibodies became detectable only after the third vaccination. It is concluded that the level of IgG antibodies determined by ELISA is a good marker for predicting the presence of neutralizing antibodies after TBE vaccination, but only in the absence of flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies. Otherwise, a neutralization assay is necessary for assessing immunity. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A meta-analysis of imagery rehearsal for post-trauma nightmares: Effects on nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and posttraumatic stress

This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of imagery rehearsal as a treatment for nightmares, general sleep disturbance, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Bibliographic databases and cited references were searched to identify clinical trials of imagery rehearsal in individuals with post-trauma nightmares. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria and reported sleep and post-traumatic stress outcomes in sufficient detail to calculate effect sizes. Results indicate that imagery rehearsal had large effects on nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and PTSD symptoms from the initial to post-treatment assessments. These effects were sustained through 6 to 12months follow-up. Furthermore, interventions that included both imagery rehearsal and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia resulted in greater treatment-related improvement in sleep quality than imagery rehearsal alone. Combined treatment did not improve outcomes for PTSD or nightmares. Notably, effect sizes were small in the single study that included an active-treatment control condition. Future research should identify necessary and sufficient components of interventions for trauma-related sleep disturbance and post-traumatic stress (e.g., exposure, cognitive reappraisal, sleep and circadian regulation).     

谈科普类视听教材的设计与制作

结合《农村饮水卫生》电视教材的制作,介绍了科普类视听教材在开发、制作过程中要依据受众广泛的特点,遵循专业知识通俗化、素材摄制与收集多样化、实景拍摄原生态化、编辑要素生活化的原则,并注重与外景地主管部门的沟通协调,同时处理好宣传和隐私的关系.     

山区应用改良班氏试剂检测粪便还原糖的意义

目的为探讨改良班氏试剂测定粪便还原糖的意义。方法对112例感染性腹泻患儿同时应用改良班氏试剂法及Clintest Tabl。还原糖检测法检查粪便还原糖。结果两者相比差异无显著性。结论改良班氏试剂可以替代试纸法检测粪便还原糖。对粪便还原糖阳性者，采用去乳糖喂养，取得良好疗效。     

中国传统文化心理学的理论基础

中国传统文化心理学的理论基础是由三个相互循环和贯通的观念 ,即天人论、人贵论和性善论所构筑的人生哲学。天人论主要描述人与自然世界之间的关系 ,对人的宇宙地位予以定位 ;人贵论重在阐明人与动物的关系 ,强调人在生物系统中的价值 ;性善论则主要在于表明人获得幸福生活的内在依据 ,强调在人类自身中间 ,不同的道德品性造就不同的生存意义与行为方式 ,只有培育优良道德禀性的人才能获得真正的幸福。此三观所体现的整体心理观是理解中国传统心理学思想及其所表现出自身特色的基础和前提。     

脑卒中患者运动功能恢复和经络电流关系探讨简

目的：以中医经络理论为基础,测定脑卒中患者治疗前后肝、肺、心经经络电流情况,观察应用于脑血管病患者运动系统功能的康复评估指标和经络测试仪检测出的经络电流值的变化有无关联。方法：以符合入选标准的20例患者为研究对象,入选患者分别于常规康复治疗前、治疗4周、治疗两个月进行运动功能评定（FMA）和经络原穴检测。结果：治疗前后FMA得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）,FMA评分变化值（治疗组治疗后与治疗前之差）与心经、肝经经络电流值的变化呈正相关,与肺经无统计学意义上的相关性;治疗时间长短对于经络电流值的改变也有影响。结论：（1）提示TDS或许可以应用于家庭评估脑卒中患者运动功能恢复状况,从方便实用角度来说,不需专门人员来做评估,只要稍加培训,患者或其家属都可操作,简便易行;（2）对于如何预防脑卒中也有一定的积极指导意义。