Evaluation of combined antibiotic-omeprazole therapies in Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils

Mongolian gerbils are a laboratory host for gastric colonization with Helicobacter pylori, showing gastritis followed by typical gastric ulcer after infection with H. pylori. In such gerbils, we evaluated combined therapies of amoxicillin (AMPC) and clarithromycin (CAM) as antibiotics, and omeprazole (OPZ) as a H⁺/K⁺ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) inhibitor. The gerbils were orally inoculated with 2 × 10⁸ bacilli of ^{H. pylori} ATCC 43504. Four weeks after inoculation, the infected gerbils were orally treated singly with OPZ, AMPC, and CAM, and their insufficient efficacy on bacterial clearance was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction technique, and by a culture method. In contrast, combined therapy of OPZ plus either AMPC or CAM showed significant bacterial clearance, demonstrating the efficacy of this combined therapy in the gerbil model. Mongolian gerbils are suggested to be useful for the pharmacological evaluation of anti-H. pylori compounds. Received Mar. 11, 1997; accepted June 27, 1997     

奥美拉唑治疗尿毒症并发上消化道出血的疗效和安全性系统评价

目的 系统评价奥美拉唑治疗尿毒症并发上消化道出血的疗效和安全性。方法 检索Pubmed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、EBSCO、CNKI、Wanfang Data、VIP、CBM(建库至2015年4月12日),收集相关的随机对照试验研究(RCTs),按照Cochrane 5.1手册,采用RevMan 5.3和STATA 11.0进行meta分析和评价。结果 与对照组相比,奥美拉唑治疗尿毒症并发上消化道出血的止血总有效率有显著性差异(P<0.000 01)。亚组分析显示：分别与H2受体拮抗剂组和空白对照组相比,奥美拉唑组止血总有效率有显著性差异(P<0.000 01或P<0.000 1);判定72 h为有效终点和96 h为有效终点(P<0.000 01)均有统计学差异。奥美拉唑组与对照组发生药物不良反应无统计学差异。结论 奥美拉唑治疗尿毒症并发上消化道出血安全有效。但鉴于纳入本次研究有一定的局限性,还仍需设计良好的大规模临床随机对照研究来验证。     

Management of the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

Jensen RT (Bethesda, MD, USA). Management of the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (Minisymposium: MEN & VHL). J Intern Med 1998; 243 : 477–88. Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES) is the most common symptomatic pancreatic endocrine tumour in patients with MEN-1. Besides the treatment of the usual endocrinopathies seen in patients with MEN-1, the treatment of the ZES requires attention be paid to controlling the gastric acid hypersecretion, to dealing with the gastrinomas per se which are malignant in 18–60% of cases, and to the diagnosis and treatment of gastric carcinoid tumours, that are increasingly seen in these patients. In this article the current management of each of the areas is reviewed and what is known or uncertain discussed, based on our studies at the NIH and data from others. Data from 231 patients including 45 with MEN-1 and 186 without MEN-1 is contrasted in this report. Gastric acid hypersecretion has been controlled in all patients medically with MEN-1 and ZES at the NIH for up to 22 years. The current drugs of choice are H⁺-K⁺ ATPase inhibitors and twice a day dosing is recommended. Periods of parenteral drug therapy (surgery, etc.) and pregnancy require important modifications. The appropriate surgical therapy of the gastrinoma is controversial. Eighty per cent of patients have a duodenal gastrinoma and 20–30% have a pancreatic tumour. Recent studies suggest gastrinoma enucleation combined with duodenotomy rarely results in cure. Aggressive surgery (Whipple resection) can result in cure of gastrinoma but effect on survival is unclear. There are important differences in gastrinoma location, extent, and percentage with aggressive disease in patients with or without MEN-1, which are discussed. Confusion has occurred because of lack of information on the natural history of the gastrinoma compared to the other pancreatic endocrine tumours that occur in MEN-1 and survival data from patients with and without MEN-1 is contrasted. The occurrence of gastric carcinoids in patients with and without MEN-1 with ZES is contrasted and the areas of certainty and disagreement reviewed.     

Effect of nizatidine 300 mg at night and omeprazole 20 mg in the morning on 24-hour intragastric pH and bacterial overgrowth in patients with acute duodenal ulcer

The study investigated the effect of either nocturnal acid suppression by the H₂ antagonist nizatidine 300 mg at night or prolonged acid suppression by the proton-pump inhibitor omeprazole 20 mg in the morning, during four weeks, on intragastric pH profile, occurrence of bacterial growth in gastric fluid and biopsies, and healing rate in 23 patients with an acute duodenal ulcer. The endoscopic healing rate did not differ significantly between the two treatment modalities. The 24-hr acid secretion was significantly more reduced by omeprazole than nizatidine (P<0.002). After treatment by nizatidine and omeprazole, respectively, median 24-hr intragastric pH increased from 1.5 to 1.8 (P<0.01) and from 1.5 to 6.1 (P<0.01), respectively. Nighttime acid inhibition did not differ significantly. The difference in gastric bacterial colonization after either omeprazole or nizatidine did not reach significance. However, median 24-hr pH and the fraction of the day with pH<3 and pH<4 were significantly correlated to bacterial colonization of the gastric fluid (P<0.05).This study was supported by Eli Lilly Nederland B.V.     

奥曲肽联合奥美拉唑治疗肝硬化并上消化道出血49例疗效观察

Objective To observe efficacy of octreotide combined with omeprazole in cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Methods Ninty-Six cases of liver cirrhosis with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were divided into group A （49 cases） and group B （47 cases）. Group A was assigned to receive octreotide plus omeprazole,while group B was treated with octreotide alone. Results Rebleeding rate after the first 48 hours of group A（10. 20% ） was significantly less than that of group B（27.65% ） P 〈0.05 ;Group A had a better short hospital stay,5.13 ±2.45 vs 7.56 ±2.83 days （P 〈0.05 ） as compared with group B ,The blood transfusion requirement was similar in group A and in group B （3.56 ± 2.25 vs 3.75 ± 2. 12 units P 〉 0. 05 ） , There was no difference in mortality between two groups（P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The combination of octreotide and omeprazole infusion can prevent early rebleeding effectively and decrease hospital stay in the treatment of liver cirrhosis with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.     

The effect of omeprazole on 24 h intragastric pH and fasting plasma gastrin during low dosage (10 mg) in the morning or the evening

Abstract The effect of a low dose of omeprazole on intragastric acidity and fasting plasma gastrin concentration was measured in eight subjects with duodenal ulcer in remission. Intragastric acidity was measured during a baseline 24 h period. This was then repeated after 14 days of dosage with 10 mg of omeprazole administered daily, either in the morning or the evening, using a randomized, double-blind cross-over design. The median 24 h pH level rose significantly from a baseline of 1.6, to 3.1 and 3.5 during morning and evening dosages, respectively. However, variability in the response to this dose was substantial: three subjects exhibited no discernible change in 24 h median acidity on two occasions, while in others it was reduced by greater than 99%. Fasting plasma gastrin concentrations were not significantly altered by the administration of 10 mg of omeprazole daily for 2 weeks.     

阿莫西林联合奥美拉唑治疗消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血的随机对照研究

目的 探讨阿莫西林联合奥美拉唑治疗消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血的临床治疗效果。方法 选取2017年3月-2018年3月在上海市嘉定区安亭医院收治的消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血患者80例,采用随机数字法分为观察组（40例）和对照组（40例）,对照组患者仅给予奥美拉唑进行治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上联合阿莫西林治疗,治疗疗程均为14 d。比较两组患者的临床基线数据、治疗有效率和不良反应发生率,及住院时间、出血量、潜血转阴时间。结果 观察组患者的治疗有效率为87.50%,对照组患者的治疗有效率为65.00%,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者不良反应发生率为10.00%,对照组患者不良反应发生率为27.50%,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组患者的住院时间及潜血转阴时间均显著缩短,而出血量显著减少,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 阿莫西林联合奥美拉唑能够有效改善消化道溃疡合并上消化道出血的临床症状,临床效果较好,且不良反应的发生率较低。     

奥美拉唑对奥拉西坦在中国健康人体中药代动力学的影响

目的建立高效液相色谱质法测定人血浆中奥拉西坦的浓度,研究奥美拉唑对奥拉西坦在中国健康男性志愿者体内血药浓度及药代动力学参数的影响。方法用单中心、开放、二周期自身交叉的试验设计,筛选8例健康受试者,应用HPLC法测定与奥美拉唑合用前后健康志愿者体内奥拉西坦的血药浓度,以DAS2.1.1药物动力学程序拟合药代动力学参数,以SPSS11.5软件进行统计学分析。结果结果显示合用奥美拉唑前后,奥拉西坦的药代动力学参数AUC_0-t、AUC_0-∞、MRT_0-t、MRT_0-∞、t_max、C_max、t_1/2、CL/F和V/F均没有显著性变化。结论 HPLC法测定人血浆奥拉西坦浓度,方法简便、准确,灵敏度高,重现性好,且合用奥美拉唑对奥拉西坦人体内药代动力学无明显影响。     

妊娠期使用奥美拉唑对新生儿的安全性影响的Meta分析

摘要：目的 胃溃疡和胃食管反流是妊娠期妇女常见的临床症状,会严重影响患者的生活质量,甚至还能引起其他并发症。还有部分患者甚至会遭受更加严重的胃肠道疾病,比如幽门螺旋杆菌干扰、消化性溃疡以及埃氏综合征。因此,质子泵抑制剂（Proton pump inhibitors,PPIs）对于这类妊娠期妇女患者来说非常重要。妊娠期妇女患者若要使用此类药物,就必须先确定其对胎儿的安全性影响。因此,本研究旨在通过系统的文献回顾来分析PPIs中的奥美拉唑在早期妊娠期时使用对新生儿的安全性影响。方法：文献检索范围为英文文献,发表时间从1998年起至今。两位研究者分析文献并比较结果,讨论解决分歧。用Downs-Black评分法评价文献质量。Meta分析采用随机效果法。结果： 6篇文献符合分析标准。共有2161例暴露于奥美拉唑的病例组和125723例对照组被选入进行Meta分析。病例组和对照组新生儿不良率差异无统计学意义,OR=1.07,CI 95 %：0.82-1.40,P = 0.61。此外,我们还对奥美拉唑的安全性进行了二次评价,共有728例病例组和2676例对照组被选入进行Meta分析。结果显示,病例组和对照组新生儿不良率差异无统计学意义,OR=0.98,CI 95 %：0.61-1.59,P = 0.94。结论：在本文所检索到的数据背景下,奥美拉唑在治疗妊娠期严重的胃肠道类疾病对新生儿是比较安全的。