黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病临床疗效观察

目的观察黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病临床疗效。方法将50例糖尿病肾病患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组各25人,对照组给予缬沙坦等常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用黄葵胶囊治疗,两组连续用药8周,治疗前后分别检测尿白蛋白排泄率、血肌酐、甘油三酯、总胆固醇,并进行组间比较。结果两组治疗前后尿蛋白排泄率有明显改善,差异具有显著性（P〈0.01）,甘油三酯、总胆固醇也有不同程度的改善（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,血肌酐无变化,且治疗组优于对照组。结论黄葵胶囊联合缬沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病疗效优越,无明显不良反应,值得临床推广。     

Effect of natural polymers on the survival of Lactobacillus casei encapsulated in alginate microspheres

Linseed and okra mucilages, the fungal exopolysaccharide botryosphaeran, and commercial fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) were used to microencapsulate Lactobacillus casei LC-01 and L. casei BGP 93 in sodium alginate microspheres by the extrusion technique in calcium chloride. The addition of carbohydrate biopolymers from linseed, okra and the fungal exocellular (1 → 3)(1 → 6)-β-D-glucan, named botryosphaeran provided higher encapsulation efficiency (EE) (>93% and >86%) for L. casei LC 01 and L. casei BGP 93, respectively. The use of linseed, okra and botryosphaeran improved the stability of probiotics encapsulated in the microspheres during the storage period over 15 d at 5?°C when compared to microspheres formulated with sodium alginate alone as the main encapsulating agent (p?≤?0.05). In in vitro gastrointestinal simulation tests, the use of FOS combined with linseed mucilage was shown to be more effective in protecting L. casei cells LC-01 and L. casei BGP 93.     

Kinetic thermal degradation of vitamin C during microwave drying of okra and spinach

The concept of frame size has not undergone a thorough evaluation in non-Caucasian populations. Using data from the Central Asia High Altitude Population (CAHAP) study, we tested whether: (1) the relationship between frame size and body composition is different in high-, medium- and low-altitude populations; (2) elbow breadth is a better index of frame size than biacromial and biiliac breadth; and (3) measures of frame size are associated with blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides. A number of 334 male subjects aged 33±10 years (mean±standard deviation) were selected from the CAHAP population (n=384) on the basis of the availability of breadth measurements. The subjects were 85 high-altitude Kirghizs, 105 medium-altitude Kazakhs, 79 low-altitude Kirghizs and 65 low-altitude Uighurs. A detailed anthropometric evaluation and blood pressure, cholesterol and trygliceride measurements were performed on all individuals. Among breadths, elbow had the lowest correlation with arm fat area, thigh fat area, calf fat area and the sum of trunk skinfolds (r≤?0.196, P<0.01). Even if elbow breadth did not have the highest correlation with muscularity indexes, its constantly lower association with adiposity indexes shows that it is a better measure of frame size than biacromial breadth and biiliac breadth. The relationship between frame size and body composition did not differ in high-, medium- and low-altitude subjects (P=not significant, analysis of co-variance). Only a weak association was present between breadths, blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides (r≤?0.230, P<0.01) and it was not influenced by altitude (P=not significant, analysis of co-variance). Elbow breadth was significantly correlated only with diastolic blood pressure (r=0.121, P<0.05). In conclusion: (1) the relationship between frame size and body composition is similar in high- and low-altitude populations; (2) elbow breadth is an index of frame size independent of altitude; and (3) elbow breadth is correlated with diastolic blood pressure, but this correlation is of doubtful biological relevance.     

黄秋葵提取物抗疲劳的实验研究

目的观察黄秋葵水提物对实验动物的抗疲劳作用,探讨黄秋葵水提物抗疲劳作用的机制。方法以观察小鼠负重力竭游泳时间探讨黄秋葵提取物抗疲劳作用;测定小鼠游泳前后血清尿素的变化、小鼠肝糖原含量、小鼠血乳酸等探讨抗疲劳机制。结果黄秋葵提取物能明显延长小鼠负重游泳时(P<0.05),减少小鼠血清尿素产生(P<0.01),减少小鼠血乳酸含量(P<0.05),对小鼠肝糖原含量无明显影响。结论黄秋葵提取物具有良好的抗疲劳作用。该作用可能与提高小鼠代谢能力和增强应激能力有关。     

Acceptability of Fat-Free Chocolate Bar Cookies by Dietary Managers

Abstract

Low dietary fat intake may reduce one's risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study, dietary managers determined the acceptability and their willingness to serve fat-free chocolate bar cookies prepared with either okra gum or applesauce as the fat substitute. Sensory ratings for fat-free cookies with okra gum were acceptable and similar or better than the full-fat version. Fat-free chocolate bar cookies with applesauce were rated neutral to moderately acceptable on all characteristics except flavor. However, ratings were lower than full-fat cookies in all areas except smell, and dietary managers were least willing to serve the fat-free cookies with applesauce. In conclusion, fat-free chocolate bar cookies with okra gum may be a novel alternative for foodservice operations offering fat-free baked products.     

黄秋葵种子油对急性胃溃疡小鼠的保护作用

为探索黄秋葵种子油对急性胃溃疡是否具有保护作用,分别采用无水乙醇和阿司匹林建立小鼠急性胃溃疡模型,通过测定小鼠胃溃疡面积及指数,胃液量、pH、游离及总酸度,血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素(IL-6、IL-10)、胆红素(TBil),胃组织一氧化氮(NO)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肝组织丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)等指标,评价黄秋葵种子油对急性胃溃疡的保护作用。结果表明,黄秋葵种子油可显著减少小鼠乙醇性胃溃疡的出血面积、溃疡评分、游离酸度、总酸度,减少血清Tbil和TNF-α,以及胃组织NO、MPO;增加胃液pH和胃组织SOD。同时,其能增加小鼠阿司匹林性胃溃疡组胃液pH,血清IL-10和胃组织SOD;显著减少游离酸度及总酸度,降低血清TNF-α和IL-6以及胃组织NO和MPO。黄秋葵种子油通过多种途径对急性胃溃疡小鼠发挥保护作用,具有潜在的开发价值。     

盐酸贝那普利片联合黄葵胶囊治疗糖尿病肾病的对照研究

目的 观察盐酸贝那普利片联合黄葵胶囊治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效及安全性。方法 将112例糖尿病肾病患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各56例,对照组给予盐酸贝那普利治疗及降糖、降脂和优质低蛋白饮食控制。在此基础上,治疗组加用黄葵胶囊治疗,观察治疗前后的疗效和不良反应。结果 治疗前后各项检测指标间差异有显著性(P<0.05),治疗组疗效明显优于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 盐酸贝那普利片联合黄葵胶囊治疗糖尿病肾病疗效显著。     

Antioxidant and Anti-Fatigue Constituents of Okra

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), a healthy vegetable, is widely spread in tropical and subtropical areas. Previous studies have proven that okra pods possess anti-fatigue activity, and the aim of this research is to clarify the anti-fatigue constituents. To achieve this, we divided okra pods (OPD) into seeds (OSD) and skins (OSK), and compared the contents of total polysaccharides, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, isoquercitrin, and quercetin-3-O-gentiobiose and the antioxidant activity in vitro and anti-fatigue activity in vivo between OSD and OSK. The contents of total polyphenols and total polysaccharides were 29.5% and 14.8% in OSD and 1.25% and 43.1% in OSK, respectively. Total flavonoids, isoquercitrin and quercetin-3-O-gentiobiose (5.35%, 2.067% and 2.741%, respectively) were only detected in OSD. Antioxidant assays, including 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power test, and weight-loaded swimming test showed OSD possessed significant antioxidant and anti-fatigue effects. Moreover, biochemical determination revealed that that anti-fatigue activity of OSD is caused by reducing the levels of blood lactic acid (BLA) and urea nitrogen (BUN), enhancing hepatic glycogen storage and promoting antioxidant ability by lowering malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels. These results proved okra seeds were the anti-fatigue part of okra pods and polyphenols and flavonoids were active constituents.     

Chitosan Nanogel with Mixed Food Plants and Its Relation to Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis Review of Observational Studies

This systematic review with metanalysis evaluated and analyzed the beneficial effects of certain plants food in type 2 diabetes (T2D) when consumed alone or in combination with chitosan. The main objective of the paper was to examine the relation of chitosan nanogel and mixed food plant (MFP) to control T2D. The databases included Medline, Scopus, PubMed, as well as Cochrane available between the month of January 1990 to January 2021. The eligibility criteria for selecting studies were case-controlled studies that included unripe plantain, bitter yam, okra, and chitosan either used-alone or in combination with non-specified food plants (NSFP). Two-fold autonomous critics retrieved the information required and evaluated the risk of bias of involved studies. Random-effect meta-analyses on blood glucose controls, were performed. Results of 18 studies included: seven that examined unripe plantains, one bitter yam, two okras, and eight chitosan, found regarding the decrease in blood glucose level. Meta-analysis of the results found a large proportion of I² values for all studies (98%), meaning heterogeneity. As a consequence, the combined effect sizes were not useful. Instead, prediction interval (PI) was used (mean difference 4.4 mg/dL, 95% PI −6.65 to 15.50 and mean difference 3.4 mg/dL, 95% PI −23.65 to 30.50) rather than the estimate of its confidence interval (CI). These studies were at 50% high risk of bias and 50% low risk of bias and there was judged to be an unclear risk of bias due to the insufficient information from the included study protocol (moderately low). The intervention lasted between three and 84 days, indicating potency and effectiveness of the intervention at both short and long durations. Due to the moderately low quality of the studies, the findings were cautiously interpreted. In conclusion, the current evidence available from the study does support the relation of chitosan with mixed unripe plantain, bitter yam and okra for the management of T2D. Further high-quality case-controlled animal studies are required to substantiate if indeed chitosan nanogel should be cross-linked with the specified food plant (SFP) for the management T2D.     

黄秋葵胶囊的制备及质量控制

目的 研究黄秋葵胶囊的制备工艺,建立其质量控制方法。方法 采用UV测定多糖含量;以加水量、提取次数、提取时间、提取温度为影响因素,采用L₉(3⁴)正交试验,以多糖含量为指标,优选黄秋葵提取工艺;将提取液过滤、浓缩、加辅料、一步制粒、填充胶囊。结果 最佳提取工艺为：加水量10 倍,提取时间2 h,提取温度100 ℃,提取次数3次;多糖标准曲线为：Y=5.746 0X+0.084 1,r=0.999 7,线性范围为：0.007~0.036 mg·mL^-1,平均回收率为99.54％(RSD为1.29％);处方辅料为：黄秋葵浸膏-淀粉-硬脂酸镁(300 g∶300 g∶3 g);该制剂各项检查均符合2005年版中国药典的相关规定,胶囊多糖平均含量为8.1%。结论 黄秋葵胶囊制备工艺简单可行、合理,质量稳定可控。