妇科腹腔镜手术患者的整体护理

目的：探讨妇科腹腔镜手术前后的护理方法。方法：回顾性分析我院应用腹腔镜行妇科手术52例患者的临床护理过程。结果：本组52例妇科腹腔镜手术患者全部康复出院，对护士的精心护理感到非常满意。结论：妇科患者腹腔镜手术通过适当的整体护理措施能够使其早日康复。     

心理护理在术前访视中的应用

目的消除手术患者的不良心理刺激,防止身心疾病的发生,提高患者对手术的耐受性。方法在术前访视中通过心理调查表了解到患者存在的心理问题,运用个性化的心理护理的方法,帮助患者解答心理问题,减轻心理负担,轻松愉快地接受手术治疗。结果在术前访视中运用个性化的心理护理,很大程度上拉近了护患之间的距离,提高了患者对医务人员的信赖,使患者对手术的耐受性大大提高。结论在术前访视中做好患者的心理护理,消除患者对手术的顾虑是提高手术成功率的有效措施。     

The role of the nurse in health promotion

This paper describes and discusses issues concerned with therole of the nurse in health promotion work. It represents thefirst phase of a research project designed to explore this role,and presents the evolving philosophical framework for the study.The study is taking place currently in the United Kingdom andhas been made possible by the (first) award of a Post DoctoralNursing Research Fellowship to the project director. Against the backdrop of the World Health Organization's ‘Healthfor All by the year 2000’ (WHO HFA 2000) movement therehave been repeated calls for nurses to be the leaders in healthpromotion. Policy makers and educators have responded to thesecalls by claiming a central role for nursing and putting healthpromotion high on policy and training agendas. Very little attention,however, has been devoted to exploring the legitimacy and developmentof this role in nursing. Generally, nurses seem enthusiasticabout health promotion, and sure that they have a role to play.What is less certain is what this role is. The study seeks toclarify this by exploring policy, behaviour, and attitudes.Policy provides the framework for practice, and operates ata number of levels. In this early paper we review the literatureto explore policy and practice from international to grassrootslevels. We also make some initial observation derived from ourpilot work.     

走出低谷──再谈渐进式责任制护理

渐进式责任制护理是据国情产生的一个新生事物。其特征是全员参与，在完成功能制工作之后，每位护士负责一位重危病人的护理。其护理内容完全按照责任制护理进行。其不足之处是人员素质的差异，使责任制护理质量有别。不过，可随着条件的成熟，不断得到改进。     

Paradigms for mental health nursing: fragmentation or integration?

Debate about the best paradigm for mental health nursing is compounded by threats from mainstreaming and genericism. In nursing education, integrated practice may have been devalued in a matrix of reductionist disciplines. The 'gendered' nature of professional knowledge may create a schismatic and self-defeating attitude in nurses. Conversely, nurses may be exhorted to adopt a 'male' paradigm in order to gain academic credibility, in which the caring dimension may be lost. Other polarities such as ideological distinctions between treatment in hospital and care in the community lead to conceptual confusion. These schisms in care are detrimental to both professionals and users. The writers argue that these tensions may be addressed in an 'androgenous' model which presents a challenge to both value systems, rejects the dominance of schismatic models, and offers the potential for a new professional integrity.     

Abnormal behavior of elderly people residing in institutions of medical and social welfare systems

Abstract We investigated factors correlated with abnormal behavior in the elderly residing in a special nursing home (group A) and a psychiatric hospital (group B) using the dementia behavior disturbance scale, the mini mental state examination, the Japanese version of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center morale scale, and the ADL assessment scale. The cognitive function of group B was decreased compared with that of group A, but most activities of daily living (ADL) in the latter group were disrupted compared with those in the former. Only a few categories of ADL correlated with abnormal behavior in group A, whereas cognitive function, quality of life, and most categories of ADL correlated with abnormal behavior in group B. These results suggest that factors correlated with abnormal behavior in the elderly differ within institutions of medical and social welfare systems.     

An adjusted version of Kohlberg's moral theory: discussion of its validity for research in nursing ethics

Critics of Kohlberg's moral theory today focus on the content of his theory and more specifically on its justice-orientated moral concept. This has led to the well-known 'justice-care debate'. The purpose of this article is to critically examine the validity of Kohlberg's moral theory for research in nursing ethics from a caring perspective (referring to the content) as well as from a cognitive-structural perspective (referring to the basic assumptions of the model). The analysis points to the usefulness and value of the cognitive-structural model to empirically study nurses' ethical behaviour; the content of Kohlberg's model, however, needs to be adapted by adding a caring perspective as well as some personal and situational variables. An adjusted version of Kohlberg's model is proposed and discussed.     

Met and unmet nursing care needs in men with prostate cancer. An explorative study. Part II

Men with prostate cancer ( n = 11) were interviewed during an in-patient period at a urological clinic, about their experiences of met and unmet needs from health professionals. Their perception of quality of life and sense of coherence were also assessed. The findings were analysed from a phenemenological-hermeneutic perspective and interpreted within the concept of transition. It was interpreted that objective functional health needs were mostly met by health professionals and subjective existential needs were mostly not met. The analysis revealed patients as passive or active receivers of care. Passive receivers were explicitly and implicitly stating unmet needs, or explicitly stating satisfaction with nursing care at the same time as implicitly contradicting, referring to their needs as bagatelles, unimportant, whereas active receivers talked about their needs explicitly with the staff and did not state implicit unmet needs. This suggests that nurses need to be aware of and have sensitive ears to undertones in statements and actively seek for patients' needs. The most important nursing care areas seemed to be to provide solutions to physical problems together with staff support including information, and acting to increase confidence in staff and staff availability. This encourages patients, wives and families, in co-operation, towards a healthy exit of transition.     

Caring and cancer nursing: framing the reality using selected social science theory

Caring and cancer nursing: framing the reality using selected social science theory Despite the recent interest in caring for both academic and clinical nursing, the theoretical basis of this concept may appear somewhat elusive as the research and debate vary widely in their focus. As a result, the available literature may fail to consider the specific contextual issues which characterize caring as it is understood across different health care settings. Consideration of theory from disciplines close to nursing, it is suggested, may be useful in understanding the nature of such 'real world' caring. In this discussion the concept of caring within cancer nursing is explored by drawing on a number of social science and nursing sources. It is known that cancer provokes unique caring demands for nurses practising in this area. By examining the context of cancer, it is argued that effective caring deserves to be recognized as an important clinical variable which can influence a diverse range of issues such as patient satisfaction or therapeutic outcome. It is suggested that other nursing specialisms should also explore the psychosocial dimensions of caring in relation to their own role.