Clinical features and treatment outcomes of dedifferentiated and grade 3 chondrosarcoma: A multi‐institutional study

Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor. In this multicenter study, we sought to evaluate the disease‐specific survival (DSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS), and prognostic factors in patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) or grade 3 chondrosarcoma (G3CS) in Japan. We retrospectively investigated the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in 62 patients with DDCS and 19 patients with G3CS at 15 institutions participating in the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group. We also clarified significant clinicopathological factors for oncological outcomes. In surgery for primary lesions aimed at cure, a histologically negative margin (R0) was obtained in 93% (14/15) of patients with G3CS and 100% (49/49) of patients with DDCS. The 5‐year DSS was 18.5% in patients with DDCS and 41.7% in patients with G3CS (p = 0.13). Local control was obtained in 80% (12/15) and 79.6% (39/49) of patients with G3CS and DDCS in the primary lesion after surgery with a wide surgical margin, respectively. In multivariate analysis, stage and no treatment/palliative treatment for the primary lesion were independent prognostic factors for DSS of DDCS, and age and no treatment/palliative treatment for DSS of G3CS. The 5‐year DFS rate was 22.8% in 26 patients with DDCS who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, and 21.4% in 14 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. The prognosis of DDCS remains poor, although R0 resection was carried out in most cases. Effective and/or intensive chemotherapeutic regimens or agents should be considered or developed for patients with high‐grade chondrosarcoma, particularly for those with DDCS.     

三七总皂甙对实验性脑缺血脑血流及血脑屏障的影响作用

目的 观察三七总皂甙对脑缺血后再灌流期间血脑屏障及脑血流的影响。方法 利用大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌流和全脑缺血再灌流损伤两种实验模型。结果 与相应对照组比较，不论是全脑缺血还是局灶性脑缺血1h后再灌注3d，应用三七总皂甙的各组动物及水肿明显减轻，血脑屏障通透性改善，大脑局部血流量显著增加。结论 三七总皂甙对脑缺血后脑水肿、血脑屏障、大脑局部血流量具有保护作用。     

广藿香内生真菌撕裂耙齿菌A878次级代谢产物研究

目的 研究药用植物广藿香Pogostemon cablin内生真菌撕裂耙齿菌Irpex laceratus A878的活性次级代谢产物。方法 运用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、HPLC等多种柱色谱技术以及重结晶方法对发酵产物进行分离纯化,并利用¹H-和¹³C-NMR、UV等谱学方法鉴定化合物结构。采用SRB法和Griess法测定化合物的生物活性。结果 从广藿香内生真菌撕裂耙齿菌A878固体发酵产物中分离鉴定了2个新化合物和10个已知化合物。分别为撕裂耙齿菌内酯A(1)、撕裂耙齿菌内酯B(2)、细胞松弛素H(3)、细胞松弛素J(4)、18-甲氧基细胞松弛素J(5)、去乙酰基细胞松弛素H(6)、细胞松弛素J₃(7)、拟茎点霉(口山)酮A(8)、狄瑟酚A(9)、桔青霉三酚A(10)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(11)和1S,2R,4S-三羟基-对-薄荷烷(12)。结论 化合物1、2为新的吡喃内酯类化合物。活性研究表明化合物4、5和9对人神经癌SF-268细胞、人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人肝癌H...     

神经胶质细胞参与吗啡耐受机制及治疗的研究进展

 吗啡是临床上常用的强效镇痛药，然而长期应用会导致其镇痛效能降低，发生吗啡耐受。以往对吗啡耐受机制的研究主要集中在脊髓神经元敏化等中枢神经元机制，近年来越来越多的学者开始关注神经胶质细胞，特别是小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞，在吗啡耐受形成中的作用。本文简要综述了神经胶质细胞参与吗啡耐受的作用机制及其治疗的研究进展，为解决临床上中重度疼痛治疗中的难点问题提供新的解决思路与依据。     

A review of the taxonomy, ethnobotany, chemistry and pharmacology of Sutherlandia frutescens (Fabaceae)

Sutherlandia frutescens (tribe Galegeae, Fabaceae), a popular plant in traditional medicine, is indigenous to South Africa, Lesotho, southern Namibia and southeastern Botswana. It is chemically, genetically and geographically extremely variable and has been divided into three subspecies and several regional forms. A second species, Sutherlandia tomentosa, is localized along the Cape coast. Sutherlandia is sometimes treated as part of the genus Lessertia. There are numerous vernacular names and a wide diversity of uses, including poor appetite, indigestion, stomach complaints, dysentery, colds, influenza, kidney conditions, fever, diabetes, internal cancers, uterine troubles, liver conditions, backache, rheumatoid arthritis, urinary tract infections, stress and anxiety, dropsy and heart failure. Notable is the use as a bitter tonic ("blood purifier"), anti-stress medication ('musa-pelo) and, at least since 1895, specifically as a cancer tonic (both as treatment and as prophylaxis). Externally it is applied to haemorrhoids, inflamed wounds and eye infections. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown antiproliferative, anti-HIV, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-stress, anticonvulsant and antithrombotic activities. Aqueous extracts often differ in activity from organic solvent extracts. The presence of high levels of free amino acids, non-protein amino acids such as canavanine and GABA, the cyclitol pinitol, flavonols and triterpenes (including SU1, a cycloartane-type triterpene saponin) provide plausible hypotheses on how these compounds, individually or collectively, may be responsible for the reputed efficacy in a wide range of ailments. Results of animal studies, as well as a phase I clinical study, have shown no indications of toxicity. Sufficient preclinical data are now available to justify controlled clinical studies.     

Recommendations for reducing risks of infection associated with suction collection procedures.

It is recognized that risks are incurred when health care workers contact various body fluids. The handling of suction collection equipment poses a risk because it is one way workers may come in contact with these fluids. Minimizing the risks associated with suction procedures can be accomplished if appropriate policies and procedures can be developed in health care facilities.     

胆囊切除术与结肠癌的关系

胆囊结石是外科最常见的疾病之一,胆囊切除术一直被视为本病最有效的治疗方法.结肠癌是胃肠道中常见的恶性肿瘤,近年来的统计资料表明,在胃癌、食管癌发病率下降的同时,结肠癌的发病率却不断增高,但病因尚未十分明确.胆囊切除术与结肠癌发病是否有关目前尚有争论,本文就有关问题做一综述.     

Healon~([R])和Viscoat~([R])细胞毒性的比较研究

本实验应用新的组织培养系统培养的兔角膜内皮细胞,对Healon~(R)和Viscoat~(R)的细胞毒性进行了比较研究。发现它们对角膜内皮细胞具有潜在的毒性作用,当细胞暴露于药液3小时后,出现轻度的损害。24小时后,出现严重的细胞损害。两者相比较,Viscoat~(R)对细胞的损害程度比Healon~(R)的轻,提示Viscoat~(R)可替代Healon~(R)用于眼科手术。     

ZX-5及其光学异构体对兔眼血流和大鼠视网膜功能恢复的影响

目的:研究ZX-5对缺血后视网膜功能的恢复作用,并比较其光学异构体(R,R)-ZX-5和(S,S)-ZX-5对脉络膜血流及缺血后视网膜功能恢复的影响。方法:用彩色微球技术研究兔高眼压下(40mmHg)脉络膜血流的变化。用视网膜电生理仪测量b波,评价大鼠缺血后视网膜功能的恢复情况。结果:10g/L(R,R)-ZX-5滴眼液50μL能在不同时间点提高脉络膜血流(P<0.05),而(S,S)-ZX-5在相同条件下对提高脉络膜血流没有影响。ZX-5和(R,R)-ZX-5在不同时间点对视网膜缺血后功能恢复作用明显(P<0.05),(R,R)-ZX-5的作用优于ZX-5;而(S,S)-ZX-5对缺血后视网膜功能的恢复作用不明显。结论:ZX-5和(R,R)-ZX-5对增加脉络膜血流量和促进视网膜功能的恢复有显著功效,(R,R)-ZX-5恢复视网膜功能的作用更强,有可能进一步开发成有效防治眼血流障碍相关性眼病的药物。