大鼠在体肠回流法研究三七总皂苷壳聚糖微球的吸收行为

目的:研究三七总皂苷壳聚糖微球在大鼠小肠的吸收行为。方法:采用乳化交联法制备三七总皂苷壳聚糖微球。大鼠在体肠回流法研究微球在大鼠小肠的吸收行为。结果:当微球中药物浓度从0.213 8g.L-1逐渐增至0.855 4g.L-1时,累积吸收量从(0.064±0.003)mg.cm-2增至(0.391±0.017)mg.cm-2,但当浓度继续增至1.069 2g.L-1时,累积吸收量缓慢增至(0.402±0.014)mg.cm-2,呈现饱和现象。加入空白微球,累积吸收量明显减少(P<0.01);降低Na+浓度,加入P-糖蛋白抑制剂(盐酸维拉帕米)和能量抑制剂(2,4-二硝基苯酚,DNP),对累积吸收量没有显著影响。结论:三七总皂苷壳聚糖微球在大鼠小肠的吸收是以被动扩散的吸收方式为主,以其他吸收方式为辅。     

Effect of Feining on bleomycin-induced pulmonary injuries in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The flowers of Gentiana veitchiorum has been widely used in decoction form in the traditional medicine of Tibet against tussis, tracheitis, angina for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and alexipharmic properties.

Aim of the study

The aim of current study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Feining, a Chinese herbal formula (national invention patent: ZL200510042636.3) against pulmonary injuries and to clarify the mechanisms involved.

Materials and methods

Experimental pulmonary injuries were induced by bleomycin (BLM) in rats with or without subsequent treatment of Feining or prednisone as positive control. The pulmonary injuries were evaluated by histological analysis. Also, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the lung tissue were determined. To clarify one of the possible active principles responsible for Feining, high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) method was applied to identify the components of Gentiana veitchiorum, one of major ingredients of Feining.

Results

Feining significantly improved lung alveolitis scores and reduced the Hyp content of lungs, which is an index of collagen accumulation. Moreover, Feining played a role against the oxidative damages by decreasing the MDA level, whereas increasing SOD and GSH activity, which correlated with oxidation resistance and scavenging of free radicals. In addition, Feining alleviated inflammatory lung injury by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression. HPLC-DAD-MS analysis revealed that there was 1.97% gentiopicroside in Gentiana veitchiorum.

Conclusion

Feining has certain therapeutic effects against pulmonary injuries.     

Inhibitory effect of Panax notoginseng on nitric oxide synthase, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and neutrophil functions

A water extract of Panax notoginseng Buck F.H. Chen. (Arialiaceae) root (PN) is being used as a therapeutic agent to stop haemorrhages and as a tonic to promote health in Korean and Chinese medicine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of PN have not been accurately investigated. The preliminary aim was to elucidate the pharmacokinetic features of PN. First, the prevention of neutrophil functions was assessed. PN inhibited neutrophil functions, including degranulation, superoxide generation and leukotriene B4 production, without any effect on 5-lipoxygenase activity. PN reduced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG)E2 production in mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while no influence on the activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) or cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) was observed. PN significantly reduced mouse paw oedema induced by carrageenan. The results indicate that PN exerts antiinflammatory effects related to the inhibition of neutrophil functions and NO and PGE2 production, which could be due to a decreased expression of iNOS and COX-2.     

三七总皂甙对缺氧缺血性脑损伤新生鼠内源性神经干细胞增殖分化的影响

目的:观察三七总皂甙对缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)新生鼠内源性神经干细胞增殖分化的影响,探讨其促进神经发生的作用。方法 :将72只7日龄新生SD乳鼠随机分为假手术组、HIBD组及HIBD的三七总皂甙治疗组,用改良的Rice-Vannucci法制作HIBD模型。注射三七总皂甙干预治疗,用5一溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)标记处于增殖状态的神经干细胞,免疫单标及双标免疫荧光技术观察三七总皂甙对HIBD海马区BrdU免疫活性及BrdU/NSE(Neuron specific enolase,NSE)、BrdU/GFAP(Glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)双标免疫活性的影响,并计数分析。结果:HIBD的海马区存在BrdU阳性细胞分布;应用三七总皂甙的HIBD海马区BrdU阳性细胞数及双标阳性细胞明显增多(P<0.01)。结论:三七总皂甙能诱导HIBD新生鼠内源性神经干细胞增殖、分化,提示其具有促进神经发生的能力。     

藻酸双酯钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和4种血浆生物分子治疗前后比较

目的 :研究藻酸双酯钠 (PSS)治疗急性脑梗死 (ACI)的临床疗效和血浆生物分子的变化。方法 :随机选择临床确诊的ACI 98例 ,分成 3组 ,分别给予PSS ,胰岛素和三七总皂苷治疗。观察临床疗效和检测治疗前后病人的血脂、血糖 (Glu)、内皮素(ET 1)、P 选择素 (P selec)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和血小板活化因子 (PAF)的变化。结果 :3组总有效率分别为 94 % ,96 % ,96 % ,经Ridit分析 ,疗效比较差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。治疗后PSS组TG ,TC ,Glu ,ET 1,P selec和PAF值分别为(1.1± 0 .4 )mmol·L- 1,(4.2± 0 .7)mmol·L- 1,(7.2± 2 .3)mmol·L- 1,(33± 4 )ng·L- 1,(2 9± 4 )μg·L- 1和 (6 0± 14 ) μg·L- 1较治疗前明显降低 ,差异有显著和非常显著意义 (P <0 .0 5和 0 .0 1) ;PSS组与RI组或三七总皂苷组血糖组间比较 ,差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :PSS治疗ACI的临床疗效与胰岛素 ,三七总皂苷相似 ,但对血浆生物分子学的改变则有显著差别。     

田七蓝孔雀口服液大鼠30天喂养实验研究

目的 :为观察田七蓝孔雀口服液的食用安全 .方法 :选用健康断乳SD大鼠 80只 ,随机分为 4组 ,每组 10只 ,雌雄各半 ,分别给予田七蓝孔雀口服液 4 2、 84、 16 8mL/kg (bw·d) (相当于推荐人日常服用剂量的 5 0、 10 0、 2 0 0倍 )掺入基础饲料喂饲 30d .结果 :各剂量组与对照组相比 ,体重和食物利用率组间的差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;雌鼠低剂量组血糖 (GLU)与对照组相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1〉 ,但未超出正常范围 ;其余生化指标及血常规无与所给受试物相关的异常变化 ;各剂量组肝 /体比值、肾 /体比值、脾 /体比值、睾 /体比值与对照组相比 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;病理组织学检查结果各脏器皆无明显的病理性损伤 .本实验条件下 ,田七蓝孔雀口服液最大无作用剂量为 10 8mL/kg (bw·d) .结论 :田七蓝孔雀口服液对大鼠的生长、发育、代谢无明显影响 ,对脏器无明显损伤 .     

三七总皂甙对大鼠肝脏低温保存再灌注期间肝细胞凋亡的影响

目的　研究三七总皂甙 (PNGS)对大鼠肝脏低温保存再灌注期间肝细胞凋亡的影响及其机制。方法　采用大鼠离体肝脏再灌注模型 (IPRL) ,用Fura 2法测定低温保存 2h后肝细胞内钙离子浓度 ;经乳酸林格氏液 (LR)低温保存 2 4h的肝脏再灌注 30min后进行肝脏功能检测、氧自由基代谢产物、肝细胞凋亡、Bcl 2蛋白表达及形态学观察。LR和DMEM液中加入不同浓度PNGS。结果　大鼠肝细胞内钙离子浓度、MDA、SOD、肝细胞凋亡及Bcl 2蛋白表达阳性率等项指标各实验组明显好于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,PNGS对大鼠肝细胞凋亡的保护作用显示出剂量依赖性 ,在 2 0 0～ 6 0 0mg范围内随剂量增加保护作用随之增强 (P <0 0 1) ,在 80 0～ 10 0 0mg范围内虽有增强 ,但无明显差别 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　PNGS减轻了大鼠肝脏在低温保存再灌注期间肝细胞凋亡 ,可能与通过抑制钙超载、抗氧自由基损伤、提高Bcl 2蛋白表达作用有关。     

三七总皂甙和阿托品对实验性心肌缺血作用的观察

本实验采用静脉注射脑垂体后叶素诱发兔实验性心肌缺血模型，观察静脉注射三七总皂甙和静脉注射阿托品抗脑垂体后叶素诱发的兔心肌缺血效果，实验结果表明，三七总皂甙和阿托品均有抗由脑垂体后叶素引起的心肌缺血的效应．     

早期康复及中药三七治疗脑梗死

目的：观察中药三七提取物血塞通加早期康复治疗对脑梗死的疗效。方法：200例脑梗死患者随机分为2组．研究组100例采用血塞通200mg加5％葡萄糖或生理盐水250—500m1静脉滴注，生命体征稳定即采用易化技术进行早期康复治疗；对照组l00例按传统方法治疗。2组治疗前后均采用临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准评定疗效．Brunnstrom和Barthel等评定偏瘫功能恢复。结果：治疗后研究组各项指标评分明显优于对照组．差异有显著性。结论：中药三七提取物血塞通加早期康复是脑梗死急性期治疗的优选方法。     

参三七皂甙Rg_1预适应对肥厚乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤的保护

目的应用血管紧张素II刺激致新生SD大鼠心肌细胞肥厚,探讨参三七皂甙Rg1(Rg1)对缺氧复氧(H/R)损伤的保护作用及机制。方法用AngII刺激致乳鼠(SD大鼠)心肌细胞肥厚,细胞H/R损伤前48h给予Rg10.01～10.00μmol/L预适应处理,检测各组心肌细胞表面积和细胞蛋白含量,测定心肌细胞凋亡率、细胞生存能力和培养液中乳酸脱氢酶、丙二醛及一氧化氮含量。结果与H/R损伤组相比,Rg10.01～10.00μmol/L预适应组细胞表面积和蛋白含量分别减少47.92%和46.99%;细胞生存率增加37.98%,细胞凋亡率降低85.29%;乳酸脱氢酶活性和丙二醛含量分别降低56.25%和70.78%,一氧化氮含量增加2.6倍。结论Rg1预适应可显著减轻AngII致肥厚心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤,增强受损细胞生存能力,机制与抑制细胞凋亡、减少乳酸脱氢酶释放、增强一氧化氮活性,减少脂质过氧化有关。