三七总皂苷白蛋白微球的制备工艺

目的:探索以三七总皂苷为原料制备白蛋白微球的可行性。方法:以加热固化法制备微球,通过正交试验考察白蛋白用量、超声乳化时间、固化温度、固化时间等因素,优选出最佳制备工艺,用光学显微镜及电子扫描显微镜进行形态研究,高效液相色谱法测定包封率。结果:最佳工艺为白蛋白用量300 mg,超声乳化时间15 min,固化温度105℃,固化时间20 min。结论:以三七总皂苷为原料制备白蛋白微球具有一定的可行性。     

血塞通在中枢神经系统疾病中的应用

血塞通有效成分为三七总皂甙（PNS）,有抗血栓、抗炎消肿、钙通道阻断、清除自由基、保护神经、改善微循环、防止脑血管动脉粥样硬化、镇静镇痛等药理学作用。目前血塞通在临床上广泛应用,尤其在中枢神经系统疾病的治疗中,对脊髓损伤、脑出血、脑缺血后受损神经元有保护作用,对脑梗死、阿尔茨海默病等都有一定的治疗效果。     

三七总皂苷对慢性马兜铃酸肾病大鼠体内抗氧化作用的研究

目的观察三七总皂苷对慢性马兜铃酸肾病损害大鼠模型抗氧化作用。方法 Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组及三七总皂苷低、中、高剂量组。造模大鼠按马兜铃酸20 mg.kg-1.d-1的剂量灌服关木通浸膏,1周后改为按马兜铃酸15 mg.kg-1.d-1的剂量灌服,4 h后三七总皂苷各组灌服不同剂量三七总皂苷溶液(100、200、400 mg.kg-1.d-1),模型组灌服等体积生理盐水。分别于实验第12、16、20周测定大鼠肾组织SOD活性、MDA含量及GHS含量。结果三七总皂苷可升高慢性马兜铃酸肾病大鼠肾组织SOD活性和GSH-PX含量,明显降低肾组织中MDA(P<0.05)。结论三七总皂苷对慢性马兜铃酸肾病大鼠损伤起保护作用。     

三七总皂甙对单侧输尿管梗阻后大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用及机制研究

目的观察三七总皂甙对单侧输尿管梗阻（UU0）大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响。方法将雄性SD大鼠80只随机分为4组：UUO组（UUU,n=20）、假手术组（SOR,n=20）、三七总皂甙组（PNS,50rag／（kg·d）,n=20）和氯沙坦组（ARB,20mg／（kg·d）,n=20）。从术后24小时开始,治疗组分别予PNS及ARB治疗,连续14天。于术后3、7、14天分别随机处死各组大鼠。行Masson染色观察肾间质病理学改变;化学比色法测定肾组织匀浆中羟脯氨酸的含量;采用Western蛋白印迹从蛋白水平观察金属蛋白酶1组织抑制剂（Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase,TIMP-1）的表达情况。荧光定量PCR（Real—time PCR）从mRNA水平观察胶原I（CollagenI,Col—I）和纤维粘连蛋白（Fibroneetin,FN）的表达。结果UUO组肾脏呈进行性肾间质纤维化及肾间质胶原沉积的改变（P〈0．05）。PNS组与UUU组比较均不同程度地减轻了胶原在肾间质的沉积,改善了肾脏病理损害,抑制了TIMP-1的表达（P〈0．05）。结论PNS对UU0所致的大鼠肾脏纤维化的形成有明显的抑制作用,其机制可能与抑制TIMP-1的表达有关。     

三七总皂苷肠溶微囊的药代动力学及体内外相关性

目的:考察三七总皂苷(panax notoginseng saponins,PNS)肠溶微囊在Beagle犬体内的释药行为及其体内外相关性研究。方法:采用双周期交叉试验设计,6只健康Beagle犬口服市售血栓通胶囊或自制PNS肠溶微囊(胶囊型)后,用HPLC法测定血药浓度,计算两制剂的药代动力学参数,进行生物利用度比较,并对体外累积释放度和体内累积吸收百分率进行线性回归。结果:自制PNS肠溶微囊对市售血栓通胶囊的相对生物利用度为三七皂苷R1(R1)313.63%,人参皂苷Rb1(Rb1)314.35%,人参皂苷Rg1(Rg1)202.03%,上述3成分在体内的平均滞留时间均延长,R1,Rb1和Rg1的体内外相关系数分别为0.866 4,0.958 0和0.719 2。结论:自制PNS肠溶微囊与市售血栓通胶囊相比生物利用度更高,Rb1体内外相关性较好,可用一定的体外释放条件进行体内行为的预测,R1和Rg1体内外相关性较差。     

Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on proliferation and differentiation in NIH3T3 cells

Objective:To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on the proliferation and differentiation in NIH3T3 cells.Methods:NIH3T3 cells were treated by various concentrations of PNS 0,0.05, 0.10,0.20,and 0.40 g/L.The vitality and proliferation potential of cells were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay,the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity was measured by p-nitrophenyl phosphate(pNPP)assay,and the mineralization formation ability was tested for the cellular differentiation toward osteoblast,as well as the expression level of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinasel/2(P-ERK1/2),extracellular signal-regulated kinasel/2(ERK1/2)protein kinase was analyzed by Western blot with total cell lysate of NIH3T3 cells treated by PNS.Results:Both MTT andρNPP assay showed that optical density(OD)values were increased in response to PNS treatment at a dose-dependent pattern. The mineralization formation ability was enhanced in PNS-treated NIH3T3 cells compared with untreated cells. Meanwhile,the expression level of P-ERK1/2 protein kinase was up-regulated in PNS-treated NIH3T3 cells, while,the expression level of ERK1/2 protein kinase revealed no obvious difference with or without PNS treated cells.Conclusion:PNS could pay a role to promote the proliferation and differentiation in NIH3T3 cells by means of up-regulation of P-ERK1/2 protein kinase.     

富集纯化前上样液参数影响三七皂苷类成分的研究

目的 考察富集纯化前上样液参数pH值、氯化钠浓度、时间等对三七皂苷类成分的影响.方法 用UV、TLSC分别测定3种不同上样液在不同时间段的三七总皂苷、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1的含量.结果 3种上样液放置72 h后,人参皂苷Rg1含量均增加(P＜0.01);三七皂苷R1含量均减少(P＜0.05);人参皂苷Rb含量变化无差异;pH5.5上样液和pH 7.0上样液中的总皂苷含量均增加(P＜0.05),pH5.5且含4％氯化钠的上样液中总皂苷含量无明显变化.结论 在富集纯化过程中,上样液的pH值、无机盐浓度和时间对皂苷类成分含量变化有影响.     

Temporal expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in peritoneal macrophages of rats and effects of panax notoginseng saponins

Objective:  To explore the temporal expression pattern of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and effects of panax notogensing saponins (PNS) in peritoneal macrophages of rats. Materials and methods:  Phagocytosis function of peritoneal macrophages was measured by chicken red blood cell phagocytosis assay in vitro. Expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein, PGE₂ and PGD₂ production were determined with real-time PCR, Western blotting and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Results:  Phagocytosis function of macrophages increased significantly after stimulation and reached peak during 2–3h. Expression of COX-2 mRNA and its protein increased markedly after stimulation and reached the first peak at 2 h and 3h, respectively; and then decreased to reach a minimum at 24h. The second peak appeared at 36h. PNS (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) increased the phagocytosis function obviously at 2h, decreased the expression level of COX-2 and PGE₂ production at 2 h and elevated COX-2 expression and PGD₂ production at 36 h, respectively. Conclusion:  COX-2 expression in peritoneal macrophages has a double-hump feature after stimulation. PNS enhanced phagocytosis, inhibiting COX-2 expression at an early stage and elevating it at a later stage. Received 29 February 2008; returned for revision 27 March 2008; received from final revision 14 May 2008; accepted by G. Wallace 9 June 2008 The first two authors contributed equally to this work.     

三七总皂甙对豚鼠心房肌细胞电生理特性的影响

目的： 研究三七总皂甙(panax notoginseng saponins,PNS)对离体豚鼠左心耳心肌细胞(left atrial appendage,LAA)电生理特性的影响, 以探讨其抗心律失常的作用机制。方法：应用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术,记录不同浓度PNS灌流时,离体豚鼠左心耳心肌细胞的动作电位(action potential,AP)和有效不应期(effective refractory period,ERP)。结果：0.7、7、70、700 mg/L PNS在灌流20 min时作用最突出,与对照组比较7 mg/L PNS灌流20 min时的动作电位时程(action potential duration, APD) APD80,70 mg/L灌流20、30、40 min时APD50和APD80均明显延长（P<0.05）。0.7-700 mg/L 4个浓度组的PNS灌流20min时豚鼠心房肌细胞的静息电位(rest potential,RP)、动作电位幅度(action potential amplitude,APA) 和0相最大除极速率(Vmax)无明显变化。7 mg/L和70 mg/L的PNS灌流20min能明显延长心房肌细胞的ERP,与对照组比较由（127.00±7.26）ms分别延长为（153.00±9.19）ms和(161.00±10.21)ms,P<0.01。而在7 000 mg/L高浓度时,灌流10 min以后即出现心律失常现象。结论：一定浓度的PNS能延长豚鼠心房肌细胞的APD和ERP,与胺碘酮(amiodarone)相似,这可能是其抗心律失常的作用机制。     

妇血宁颗粒的质量标准研究

目的:建立妇血宁颗粒的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对方中三七、断血流进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rg1的含量。结果:TLC斑点清晰,分离度好,阴性对照无干扰;三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rg1的进样量分别在0.44～4.40(r=0.9998)、0.82～8.20(r=0.9999)、0.74～7.40(r=0.9997)μg范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系;平均回收率分别为98.21%、98.52%、98.76%,RSD分别为0.81%、0.77%、0.91%(n均为6)。结论:所建标准可用于该制剂的质量控制。