雄黄诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 观察中药雄黄诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用。方法 以细胞凋亡和免疫功能为主要观测指标,观察中药雄黄对荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用。结果 实验表明,雄黄可诱导荷瘤（Ｌ－１２１０和Ｈ２２）小鼠的肿瘤组织凋亡,抑制荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长,并可延长小鼠存活时间。结论 雄黄可通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,抑制细胞ＤＮＡ的合成,增强机体的细胞免疫功能等多种因素发挥抗肿瘤作用,显示出广阔的应用前景。     

橙皮苷对免疫功能低下小鼠免疫调节作用的实验研究

目的研究橙皮苷(hesperidin,HDN)对小鼠免疫调节的作用。方法腹腔注射环磷酰胺(Cy)复制免疫功能低下的动物模型,测定胸腺、脾脏重量计算脏器指数;碳廓清法测定网状内皮系统吞噬功能;分光光度法测定血清溶血素IgM、IgG(HCIgM、HCIgG);绵羊红细胞(SRBC)的定量溶血测定法(QHS)测定脾溶血空斑形成细胞(PFC);噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定脾淋巴细胞增殖反应;二硝基氟苯(DNFB)诱导迟发型变态反应模型,观察HDN对小鼠迟发型变态反应(DTH)和T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。结果HDN可提高免疫低下小鼠的脏器指数、碳廓清指数K和吞噬指数α;HDN可以改善免疫抑制小鼠低下的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应,恢复小鼠DTH和提高CD4+、CD8+细胞数;对特异性HCIgM、HCIgG和PFC无影响。结论HDN对小鼠的非特异性免疫和特异性细胞免疫反应有促进作用,对特异性体液免疫反应无影响。     

人参蜂皇浆胶丸对35例老年人免疫和内分泌功能的作用

70例老人(男33例,女37例;年龄65±SD5yr)随机双盲法分为人参蜂皇浆胶丸治疗组35例和安慰剂对照组35例,均服用3丸,bid,3 mo为一个疗程。结果:人参蜂皇浆组老人治疗后的天然杀伤细胞活性和植物血细胞凝集素淋巴细胞转化率、促黄体激素均明显提高(P<0.001,P<0.05),循环免疫复合物明显下降(P<0.001)。对照组治疗后无显著变化。     

韭子增强非特异性免疫和体液免疫作用的实验研究

目的: 研究中药韭子对机体非特异性免疫作用和体液免疫作用的影响.方法: 建立环磷酰胺所致免疫低下动物模型,采用中性红法检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,从而研究对非特异性免疫功能的影响;用溶血空斑形成细胞测定法研究对体液免疫功能的影响.结果: 韭子可有效地纠正免疫功能低下,显著提高巨噬细胞的吞噬功能以及使抗体生成细胞数增多,使两者恢复至正常水平.结论: 韭子可有效地恢复和增强免疫功能低下小鼠的非特异性免疫和体液免疫功能.     

菟丝子对D-半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 :观察菟丝子对 D-半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法 :采用 D-半乳糖所致衰老模型小鼠 ,灌服菟丝子水煎剂 30 d,测定红细胞 C3b受体花环率 (RBC- C3b RR)及免疫复合物花环率 (RBC- ICR)。结果 :菟丝子水煎剂能提高小鼠 RBC- C3b RR(P <0 .0 5 ) ,使小鼠 RBC- ICR降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :中药菟丝子明显增强衰老模型小鼠的红细胞免疫功能 ,具有延缓衰老作用     

微球制剂的应用研究进展

微球制剂是一种极具潜力的剂型,近年来发展非常迅速,在药学领域有着广泛的应用。其在肿瘤治疗、疫苗免疫、蛋白给药方面都有独特的优势。从靶向和非靶向两个方面对微球制剂的应用进展进行综述,同时简要介绍了微球制剂的一些现有问题及解决办法。     

中药对肠梗阻术后胃肠屏障保护及细胞免疫功能的调节

目的:观察肠梗阻术后中药对胃肠屏障保护及改善细胞免疫功能的作用。方法:20例分为手术加中药组和手术组,两组均用手术治疗,手术加中药组手术后给予健脾承气汤。均于术前、术后第1、4、7天测定血浆内毒素,术前及术后第1、7天测定血浆D-乳酸和T淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8水平。结果:术前及术后第1天两组之间各项检测指标均无明显差异(P0.05),术后第4、7天手术加中药组内毒素水平明显低于手术组(P0.05),术后第7天手术加中药组D-乳酸水平与手术组比较明显降低(P0.05),而CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8水平明显升高(P0.05)。两组术前、术后CD8比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:健脾承气汤可促进胃肠道平滑肌的蠕动,减少胃肠道内毒素吸收,保护胃肠黏膜的机械性和化学性屏障,提高机体的细胞免疫功能。     

Papers Please - Predictive Factors of National and International Attitudes Toward Immunity and Vaccination Passports: Online Representative Surveys

BackgroundIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries are introducing digital passports that allow citizens to return to normal activities if they were previously infected with (immunity passport) or vaccinated against (vaccination passport) SARS-CoV-2. To be effective, policy decision-makers must know whether these passports will be widely accepted by the public and under what conditions. This study focuses attention on immunity passports, as these may prove useful in countries both with and without an existing COVID-19 vaccination program; however, our general findings also extend to vaccination passports.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess attitudes toward the introduction of immunity passports in six countries, and determine what social, personal, and contextual factors predicted their support.MethodsWe collected 13,678 participants through online representative sampling across six countries—Australia, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom—during April to May of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, and assessed attitudes and support for the introduction of immunity passports.ResultsImmunity passport support was moderate to low, being the highest in Germany (775/1507 participants, 51.43%) and the United Kingdom (759/1484, 51.15%); followed by Taiwan (2841/5989, 47.44%), Australia (963/2086, 46.16%), and Spain (693/1491, 46.48%); and was the lowest in Japan (241/1081, 22.94%). Bayesian generalized linear mixed effects modeling was used to assess predictive factors for immunity passport support across countries. International results showed neoliberal worldviews (odds ratio [OR] 1.17, 95% CI 1.13-1.22), personal concern (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.16), perceived virus severity (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.14), the fairness of immunity passports (OR 2.51, 95% CI 2.36-2.66), liking immunity passports (OR 2.77, 95% CI 2.61-2.94), and a willingness to become infected to gain an immunity passport (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.51-1.68) were all predictive factors of immunity passport support. By contrast, gender (woman; OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.82-0.98), immunity passport concern (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.57-0.65), and risk of harm to society (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.67-0.76) predicted a decrease in support for immunity passports. Minor differences in predictive factors were found between countries and results were modeled separately to provide national accounts of these data.ConclusionsOur research suggests that support for immunity passports is predicted by the personal benefits and societal risks they confer. These findings generalized across six countries and may also prove informative for the introduction of vaccination passports, helping policymakers to introduce effective COVID-19 passport policies in these six countries and around the world.     

Melatonin inhibits EMT and PD‐L1 expression through the ERK1/2/FOSL1 pathway and regulates anti‐tumor immunity in HNSCC

Melatonin is an endogenous hormone with various biological functions and possesses anti‐tumor properties in multiple malignancies. Immune evasion is one of the most important hallmarks of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and is closely related to tumor progression. However, as an immune modulator under physiological conditions, the roles of melatonin in tumor immunity in HNSCC remains unclear. In this study, we found that the endogenous melatonin levels in patients with HNSCC were lower than those in patients with benign tumors in head and neck. Importantly, lower melatonin levels were related to lymph node metastasis among patients with HNSCC. Moreover, melatonin significantly suppressed programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HNSCC through the ERK1/2/FOSL1 pathway in vitro and in vivo. In SCC7/C3H syngeneic mouse models, anti‐programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) antibody combined with melatonin significantly inhibited tumor growth and modulated anti‐tumor immunity by increasing CD8⁺ T cell infiltration and decreasing the regulatory T cell (Treg) proportion in the tumor microenvironment. Taken together, melatonin inhibited EMT and downregulated PD‐L1 expression in HNSCC through the ERK1/2/FOSL1 pathway and exerted synergistic effects with anti‐PD‐1 antibody in vivo, which could provide promising strategies for HNSCC treatment.