儿童桡尺骨远端骨折背侧移位的损伤机制及治疗手法的探讨

总结了儿童桡尺骨远端骨折背侧移位９４例患者，利用回旋或折顶手法复位小夹板外固定，经８个月～５年的随访观察，效果满意。观察认为，扭转应力及成角应力皆可导致此类损伤，但不同创伤机制所导致的此类损伤的具体解剖不同，必须逆损伤机制，采取相应的手法复位才能获得满意的疗效。建议把儿童桡尺骨远端骨折背侧移位作为桡尺骨骨折的一种特殊类型独立出来，以引起重视，便于治疗     

急性上消化道出血112例临床疗效分析

采用国家中医药管理局颁布的《中医血证治疗常规》治疗急性上消化道出血112例，取得了较好疗效，总有效率达94．6％。进行了证和疗效，原发病和疗效，病情程度和疗关系的分析。说明中医血证治疗效常规在临床实践中是切实可行的。     

前列腺增生症的中医诊断和疗效标准设想

前列腺增生症的中医诊断和疗效标准，不宜采用中医病名。前列腺增生症的诊断，应以国际协调委员会推荐的前列腺疾病诊断标准为主，主要依靠症状评分、生活质量评估、尿流率、剩余尿量、前列腺大小等。中医辨证分型则根据目前常见的５～８个类型，总结为虚实两类，分为７个证型。疗效评定标准，宜分为日常诊务疗效评价和临床研究疗效评价。     

An Analysis of Approaches to the Management of Endometrial Cancer in North America: A CTF Study

Objective.The aim of this study was to define the clinical–therapeutical approach to endometrial cancer now being followed in some of the most important centers of reference for gynecological cancer in North America by means of a questionnaire.Study design.The questionnaire focused on four principal areas: (1) surgical staging and therapy; (2) adjuvant treatment; (3) treatment modifications; and (4) management of advanced stages (FIGO III–IV).Results.There were 48 evaluable responses (77%) received by the end of December 1994 which were considered for this analysis. Lymphadenectomy is utilized routinely in 26/48 centers (54.2%) and in selective clinical–pathological conditions in another 21/48 centers (43.5%). In the majority of centers (31/48; 64.6%) radical surgery is utilized for selected indications such as cervical involvement. Only 3/48 (6.2%) centers consider the vaginal approach totally inappropriate. The great majority (40/48; 83.3%) of the centers considered postsurgical adjuvant therapy to be necessary in FIGO Stage Ic. Brachytherapy is routinely performed in 3 centers (6.2%) in postsurgical management of Stage I endometrial cancer, while the majority of the centers (31/48; 64.6%) perform brachytherapy of the vaginal vault in certain clinical–pathological conditions. A wide variety of treatments are used for advanced stages (FIGO III–IV).Conclusions.It emerges that some controversial aspects exist on endometrial cancer treatment, and these conflicting data need a large-scale multicenter randomized clinical trial.     

杏灵颗粒治疗胸痹（冠心病,心绞痛）的临床研究

观察杏灵颗粒治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效，共选择243例，其中治疗组153例，对照组90例。疗程为6周。治疗结果，对心绞痛疗效，两组分别为92．2％和77．8％；对心电图疗效，两组分别为62．6％和53．5％。治疗组明显优于对照组。本品对不同程度，不同类型的心绞痛患者均有较好疗效。     

Rhinosinusite chronique de l''enfant: évolution des concepts

The concept of chronic rhinosinusitis in children has been recently individualized. The diagnosis is based upon the clinical history. It may be part of a diffuse inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract. Allergic and environmental polluting factors are possibly involved and must be looked for. Drainage of the rhinopharynx and local steroids are usually the first line treatment. In case of failure, a CT-scan of the sinuses should be performed looking for an obstructive anomaly of the sinuses requiring functional endoscopic sinus surgery     

Effect of central precocious puberty and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue treatment on peak bone mass and final height in females

To evaluate the effect of central precocious puberty (CPP) and its treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues on final height and peak bone mass (PBM), we measured lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in 23 girls at final height. Patients were distributed in two groups. Group 1: 14 patients with progressive CPP were treated with GnRH analogues; seven patients received buserelin (1600 μg/daily), subsequently switched to depot triptorelin (60 μg/kg/26–28 days); seven patients were treated with depot triptorelin (60 μg/kg/26–28 days); mean age of treatment was 6.2 years (range 2.7–7.8 years); the treatment was discontinued at the mean age of 10.1 years (range 8.7–11.3 years); final height was reached at the mean age 13.4 years (range 12.0–14.9 years). Group 2: 9 patients (mean age 6.5 years, range 4.8–7.7 years) with a slowly progressing variant of CPP were followed without treatment; final height was reached at the mean␣age␣13.6 years (range 12.5–14.8 years). Lumbar BMD (L₂-L₄ by dual energy X-ray␣absorptiometry) was measured in all patients at final height. In group 1, final height␣(158.9 ± 5.4 cm) was significantly greater than the pre-treatment predicted height (153.5 ± 7.2 cm, P < 0.001), but significantly lower than mid-parental height (163.2 ± 6.2 cm, P < 0.005). Subdividing the girls of group 1 according to the bone age at discontinuation of therapy (i.e. ≤11.5 years, n = 5, or ≥12.0 years, n = 9), the former patients had a final height significantly higher than the latter (163.7 ± 3.9 cm vs 156.5 ± 4.6 cm, P < 0.02). In group 2, final height (161.8 ± 4.6 cm) was similar to the pre-treatment predicted height (163.1 ± 6.2 cm, P = NS) and was not significantly different from mid-parental height (161.0 ± 5.9 cm). BMD values (group 1: 1.11 ± 0.14 g/cm², group 2: 1.22 ± 0.08 g/cm²) were not significantly different from those of a control group (1.18 ± 0.10 g/cm²; n = 20, age 16.3–20.5 years) and the patients' mothers (group 1: 1.16 ± 0.07 g/cm², n = 11, age 32.9–45.1 years; group 2: 1.20 ± 0.08 g/cm², n = 7, age 33.5–46.5 years). In group 1, the girls who stopped therapy at a bone age ≤11.5 years had significantly higher BMD (1.22 ± 0.10 g/cm²) compared to those who discontinued therapy at a bone age ≥12.0 years (1.04 ± 0.12 g/cm², P < 0.05). Conclusion In girls with progressive CPP, long-term treatment with GnRH analogues improves final height. A subset of patients with CPP does not require treatment because good statural outcome (slowly progressing variant). In CPP, the abnormal onset of puberty and the long-term GnRH analogue treatment do not impair the achievement of PBM. In GnRH treated patients, the discontinuation of therapy at an appropriate bone age for pubertal onset may improve both final height and PBM. Received: 5 June 1997 / Accepted in revised form 21 November 1997     

Durable remission of locally advanced breast cancer with multimodality management

We treated 20 women with locally advanced breast cancer between January 1991 and September 1996, The treatment regimen included 4 cycles of intensive doxorubicin (30 mg/m2/ d on 3 consecutive days every 2 weeks with G-CSF support), followed by appropriate surgery, followed by high dose therapy with cyclophosphamide, carboplatin and thiotepa (STAMP V, CTCb). Of the 20 patients, seven presented with inflammatory breast cancer, three with Stage HIB, seven with stage IIIA, one with multifocal Stage IIB and two with Stage IV M1 (ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node involvement) (including one who had an inflammatory primary) disease. Six patients had not undergone mastectomy at the time of entering the protocol. These six received the doxorubicin in a neoadjuvant fashion and were thus evaluable for tumor response. The remaining 14 received doxorubicin as adjuvant therapy prior to intensification and transplantation. All patients underwent local-regional radiation therapy and were placed on oral tamoxifen. Doxorubicin was well tolerated in this schedule with ali but three patients receiving all their cycles on schedule. Both BM and PBPC were easily collected after this regimen and, when reinfused, resulted in the prompt recovery of granulocytes (median 11 days to 500 absolute granulocyte count) and platelets (median 13 days to 20000 platelets). The six patients who received doxorubicin prior to mastectomy all had major clinical responses, but were found to have microscopic focii of breast cancer in the mastectomy specimens. The overall treatment was well tolerated with the exception of one treatment-related death (5%). The overall and relapse free survival are 70% and 58% respectively with a median follow-up of 40 months (range 12–74 months). When the Stage IV patients are censored, the relapse-free survival rate is 69%. In the bone marrow transplant phase of treatment, the major non-hematologic toxicities were stomatitis (70%) and anorexia requiring parental nutrition (75%).     

食管癌贲门癌术后胸腔积液的防治

目的:探讨食管癌贲门癌术后胸腔积液的防治.方法与结果:从1989年1月1日～1996年12月31日,作者手术治疗食管癌贲门癌1951例,术后发生胸腔积液16例,发生率为0.82%.均经胸腔穿刺及闭式引流术治愈.结论:为预防食管癌贲门癌术后胸腔积液的发生:术中应细致操作,妥善处理食管床及淋巴结清扫创面,减少术后渗液;术中对侧纵隔胸膜破裂的病人,术末清除对侧胸腔积气积液,防止术后健侧胸腔积液;在食管重建术中,应用纵隔胃;保证通畅的胸腔闭式引流,促进肺的复张,并掌握好拔管的时机.     

高龄高危肺癌患者外科治疗（附41例报告）

目的:为了探讨高龄高危肺癌患者的外科治疗经验.方法和结果:作者对1989年6月～1997年5月手术切除的41例高龄高危肺癌患者进行分析,由于强化围术期管理和正确处理并发症,取得了满意的治疗效果,全组无住院死亡.作者强调积极术前准备,创造有利手术条件,选择合理手术方法,加强术后心功能保护及呼吸道管理,特别是环甲膜穿刺注药刺激咳嗽排痰,气管镜检查吸痰、抗菌素药液支气管灌洗及酌情合理使用呼吸机等.结论:上述措施均为扩大手术适应范围安全度过手术难关创造了十分有利的条件.