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91.
M. Johnson 《Allergy》1995,50(S23):11-14
Fluticasone propionate is a new corticosteroid based on the androstane nucleus. It is more lipophilic than beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and budesonide, and binds more avidly to human lung tissue. It has an absolute affinity (KD ) of 0.5 nM for the glucocorticoid receptor and a relative receptor aflinity 1.5- and 3.0-times greater than that of beclomethasone-17-monopropionate (17-BMP) and budesonide, respectively. The rate of association with the receptor is faster and the rate of dissociation slower than with standard corticosteroids. As a result, the half-life of the corticosteroid-receptor complex is >10 h. Fluticasone propionate is also highly selective for the glucocorticoid receptor, with little or no activity at other steroid receptors. Pretreatment with fluticasone propionate signiflcantly inhibits the increase in mast cell numbers in the nasal mucosa of rats chronically exposed to toluene di-isocyanate (TDI), and suppresses TDI-induced mast cell degranulation. It is more potent in vitro than dexamethasone, BDP and budesonide in inhibiting anti-CD3-induced human T-lymphocyte proliferation, in attenuating tumour necrosis factor-α-induced endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression, and in increasing secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor levels in airway epithelial cells. It is also more potent and longer-acting than other corticosteroids in inhibiting oedema formation, interleukin-5 (IL-5)-induced blood eosinophilia, and IL-5- or platelet activating factor-stimulated eosinophil accumulation in the lung. Fluticasone propionate therefore has increased intrinsic glucocorticoid potency and high topical anti-inflammatory activity. 相似文献
92.
Cholinergic therapy in dementia 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
P. J. Whitehouse 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》1993,88(S149):42-45
After reviewing the evidence for cholinergic pathology in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, this paper reviews strategies for treating dementia using cholinomimetic drugs. Special attention is paid to cholinesterase inhibitors, particularly tacrine, the drug recently approved by the FDA. New studies suggesting that muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptor active drugs may be more effective will be reviewed. Brief mention will be made of strategies to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
93.
JIS ROBERTSON 《Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)》1996,2(S1):s66-s71
Summary: Despite numerous deficiencies in some antihypertensive drug treatment trials, and some questionable selections of studies for inclusion in several meta-analyses, undoubtedly such trials have shown treatment benefits from reducing hypertension. Complications that can be corrected or prevented include malignant hypertension, hypertensive heart failure, stroke and coronary artery morbidity. the all-cause mortality has been lowered in several trials. the benefits have been seen in subjects aged over 60 years, in women and men, and in patients with isolated systolic hypertension. the benefits have been achieved using a wide range of drugs, not only with beta-blockers or diuretics. Non-pharmacological means of lowering blood pressure have not been evaluated in relation to morbidity. 相似文献
94.
目的 探索常敏和超敏状态时乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的变化及该变化与锥体外系症状(EPS)的可能关系。方法 应用分光光度法测定大鼠脑皮层、海马和纹状体AchE催化碘化乙酰硫代胆碱水解的速率而确定酶的活性。结果 急性给予利血平、氯氮平、氟哌啶醇对大鼠纹状体、海马和皮层的AchE活性无显著影响;以相同剂得的利血平、氯氮平和氟哌啶醇连续给药7d和21d,利血平和氟哌啶醇显著降低纹状体和海马AchE活性,氯氮平仅在 相似文献
95.
空管药物疗法治疗牙髓病和根尖周病疗效观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用SMTD复合药物对牙髓病和根尖周病实施空管药物疗法。78例103颗获得完整随访资料患牙经两年观察,92.2%治愈率。文章介绍了治疗方法,讨论了空管药物疗法的愈合机理、优点、失败原因及其预防措施。 相似文献
96.
While several surveys have shown that psychotropic drugs are frequently used by nursing home residents, no studies have been
performed to investigate whether the rates of drug use increase during the stay in nursing homes or whether residents have
taken these drugs already before admission. Therefore, we investigated 262 residents admitted to rural and urban nursing homes
in Austria for prevalence of psychotropic drug intake before admission, shortly after admission, and 6 months later. Two weeks
after admission, 72.1% of the residents were being treated with psychotropics, while 6 months later 79.0% were receiving these
drugs. The significantly higher rates of psychotropic drug use among the psychiatrically ill and in those suffering from sleeping
problems suggest that these drugs were prescribed aptly, but residents without appropriate criteria for drug intake were often
also treated with psychotropics. During 3 months before admission to nursing homes, 45.5% of the sample reported having taken
psychotropics. In more than half of residents without drug intake before admission, psychotropic treatment was initiated within
the first 2 weeks after admission, while during the first 6 months after admission the rate of drug use increased only slightly.
This suggests that a large percentage of psychotropic intake is due to nursing home orders.
Received: 20 January 1997/Final version: 21 May 1997 相似文献
97.
98.
A detailed review of the adverse reactions of anticonvulsants is given, focusing on the definitions of drug toxicity, sources of information, patterns of durg utilization, pharmacokinetic variables and different mechanisms of action. The information available in the literature provides a wide spectrum of drug toxicity with no attempt at a practical definition of the reported events. This favors uncertainty among practising physicians, who are led to use the individual items with different attitudes. Suggestions are given for the evaluation, prevention and treatment of anticonvulsant drug toxicity.
Sommario La presente è una revisione critica dei diversi aspetti della tossicità dei farmaci antiepilettici. L'analisi della letteratura è condotta con particolare riferimento alle diverse fonti di informazione, ai pattern di utilizzo dei singoli principi attivi, ai dati farmacocinetici ed ai meccanismi di azione farmacologica sottostanti. L'ampio panorama che ne deriva non consente una definizione pratica degli effetti indesiderati degli anticonvulsivanti. Ciò determina incertezza e confusione nella pratica medica, con conseguente diversità di comportamenti. La rassegna si conclude con la presentazione di alcuni suggerimenti pratici per la valutazione, la prevenzione ed il trattamento della tossicità da anticonvulsivanti.相似文献
99.
Yoshihiko Tsuji Hiroaki Ohue Hiroshi Ikuta Osamu Kinoshita Fumio Shibagaki 《Surgery today》1997,27(5):387-391
Between January 1985 and September 1994, 21 patients with psychiatric disorders underwent various forms of surgery at our
hospital. There were 12 men and 9 women with an average age of 57.6 years. The coexisting psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia
in 15 patients, depression in 2, dementia in 2, mental retardation with epilepsy in 1, and Parkinson's disease in 1. All the
patients had been receiving neuroleptic medications for a long period. The indications for surgery were: cholelithiasis in
6 patients, acute appendicitis in 4, perforation of the small intestine in 3, incarceration of an inguinal hernia in 2, and
esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, bleeding from a gastric ulcer, perforation of a duodenal ulcer, strangulating ileus, and
burns in 1 patient each, respectively. All of the patients who underwent elective surgery were given epidural anesthesia with
or without general anesthesia. Antipsychotic medications were given until just prior to surgery and recommenced concurrent
with the first meal. Abnormal behavior was observed in 11 patients (52.4%) postoperatively, but all the patients were discharged
in accordance with recovery from their surgical disorder. Intra- and postoperative hypotension resistant to intravenous catecholamine
administration was recognized in 9 patients (42.9%), and this peculiar complication should be borne in mind when patients
with psychiatric disorders require surgical management.
Presented at the 94th annual meeting of the Japanese Surgical Society, held in Tokyo in March, 1994 相似文献
100.