同种异体神经与自体神经瘤联合修复周围神经缺损的运动功能研究

目的探讨通过以优化法处理后的脱细胞同种异体神经和自体神经瘤组成的联合体修复大鼠长段坐骨神经缺损,观察大鼠运动功能恢复情况。方法30只SD大鼠随机分为2组,A组实验组为异体神经与自体神经瘤联合移植组;B组对照组为自体神经移植组。Wistar大鼠作为神经供体,取单侧坐骨神经,制备脱细胞同种异体神经。在术后的不同时间段进行坐骨神经功能指数评价、神经电生理检查。结果A组术后8周电生理检测再生神经的传导速度明显慢于B组(P<0.05),术后16周两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组和B组动物的坐骨神经功能指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论同种异体神经与自体神经瘤的联合体可以修复周围神经缺损,是神经移植的一种良好替代体。     

Traumatic neuroma of the bile duct

We present the CT and MRI findings of a traumatic neuroma of the bile duct, which is not a true neoplasm, but a reactive proliferation of pericholangial nerve tissue induced by cholecystectomy. Previous authors have shown a dilatation of the bile duct without a nodule. In our case, a nodule was present, and it was markedly enhanced.     

Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for acoustic neuroma: single-institution experience at The Princess Margaret Hospital

BACKGROUND: The clinical outcome and toxicity of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) was assessed for acoustic neuroma in 60 patients treated in a single institution. METHODS: Between October 1996 and February 2005, 60 patients received FSRT for acoustic neuroma (AN). The mean total dose applied was 50 Gy in single daily 2-Gy fractions over 5 weeks. The median irradiated tumor volume was 4.9 cm(3) (range, 0.3-49.0 cm(3)). The median follow-up period was 31.9 months. RESULTS: FSRT was well tolerated in all patients. The 5-year actuarial local control rate was 96.2% (95% CI: 91.1%-100.0%). Five-year actuarial progression-free survival was 92.8% (95% CI: 84.8%-100.0%). The overall hearing preservation rate was 77.3%. Five of 6 patients with initial cranial nerve V (CNV) numbness remained stable post-FSRT. Two of 3 patients with baseline trigeminal neuralgia improved with the remaining patient stable. All 3 patients with nonsurgically related facial nerve weakness either improved or achieved stability in function. There were no cases of new cranial nerve toxicity post-FSRT. CONCLUSIONS: FSRT for the treatment of AN is safe, effective, and well tolerated. FSRT should thus be considered as an effective alternative treatment modality when compared with microsurgical resection or single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery.     

听神经瘤术中面神经功能监测22例临床研究

目的探讨术中面神经监测对术后面神经功能保留的影响。方法使用英国牛津公司Medelec神经生理术中监测仪,对22例听神经瘤术中进行面神经自发面肌电图及电刺激诱发面肌电图监测。结果通过术中监测自发肌电图结合电刺激诱发肌电图可以精确判断面神经的位置;本组22例大中型听神经瘤,术后6月面神经H-B分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级13例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例,Ⅴ级1例,Ⅵ级5例。结论术中肌电图监测可以提示面神经的位置和走行,为手术时避免损伤神经提供依据;肿瘤切除后可帮助确认面神经结构是否完整;全切肿瘤后引出肌电图的最小电刺激强度与面神经预后密切相关。     

The preservation of hearing and facial nerve function in a consecutive series of unilateral vestibular nerve schwannoma surgical patients (acoustic neuroma)

Between January 1981 and February 1992, 102 non-NF-2 patients underwent removal of a unilateral vesitbular schwannoma. There were 54 women and 48 men. Eighty-six percent of patients with normal facial function preoperatively retained normal function (House score 1 or 2) postoperatively. Of the 64 patients with a functional cochlear nerve preoperatively, five had normal hearing (PTA < 25 dB, SB > 70%), five had near normal hearing (PTA < 45 dB, SD > 70%), four patients had preserved hearing (PTA < 50 dB, SD > 50%), and three patients had preserved cochlear nerve function (PTA > 50 dB, SD < 50%) after surgery. Hearing preservation was obtained in patients whose tumors were larger than 3 cm. Radiological follow-up revealed 10 patients with recurrent tumor, all but one asymptomatic.     

Mucosal Neuromas and Plexiform Neurofibromas: An Immunocytochemical Study

Mucosal neuromas (MN), a component of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type IIb, may be confused histologically with plexiform neurofibromas (PN), a component of neurofibromatosis. The ability to distinguish between these two markers for different genetic diseases is crucial, as the risk of development of medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma in affected patients with MEN IIb is great. We studied two cases each of MN and PN by immunocytochemistry (IC). Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) proved to be the most useful marker. MN consisted of bundles of disorganized and tortuous nerve fibers surrounded by a thickened perineurium that expressed the cellular phenotype EMA(+), S-100(-). PN consisted of enlarged neroe fascicles with a loose myxoid stroma and was EMA negative. Thus, IC highlighted the differing pattern of growth and histogenesis of the proliferating cells in the two lesions and is likely to be especially useful in those lesions with atypical histology.     

听神经瘤术后面神经损伤的临床分类、分级研究

目的研究听神经瘤术后面神经颅内段损伤的分类、程度及临床分级。方法分析病理诊断明确的165例听神经瘤病例,肿瘤大小1.5~5.5 cm,术前面神经功能障碍19例。术中面神经损伤程度按Sunderland五级分类法分为Ⅰ级85例,Ⅱ级37例,Ⅲ级21例,Ⅳ级9例,Ⅴ级13例。结果随访1~3年,面神经功能House-BrackmannⅠ级88例,Ⅱ级12例,Ⅲ级20例,Ⅳ级9例,Ⅴ级3例,Ⅵ级33例。结论临床分级研究有助于量化面神经损伤的程度,提高对面神经损伤程度的认识,判断预后,评价手术效果。     

乙状窦后入路显微手术切除大型听神经瘤

目的探讨乙状窦后入路显微镜下切除大型听神经瘤的手术方法及临床意义。方法采用乙状窦后入路显微手术切除，对手术入路、显微手术技巧、手术后处理及并发症防治进行系统分析。结果临床应用15例，其中肿瘤全切除12例，次全切除3例，面神经解剖学保留13例，耳蜗神经解剖学保留6例。术后短期并发症3例，无死亡病例。结论乙状窦后入路显微镜下切除大型听神经瘤是安全的手术方法，对脑组织结构的创伤小，利于提高肿瘤全切除率并有效保护面神经和听神经的功能。