Interactive technology applications for behavioral counseling: issues and opportunities for health care settings

CONTENT: This article discusses the rationale for, and the potential benefits and limitations of, computer-based interactive health communication (IHC) programs for health behavior counseling. We describe common barriers to health behavior counseling in medical settings and show how IHCs can address these issues. Following an overview of current and likely near-future IHCs, the potential impact of IHCs on the patient-provider relationship is considered. Results from evaluations of IHCs are summarized and important and unique issues in evaluating IHCs are discussed. We conclude with recommendations for clinical applications, including recommendations for consumers considering purchase or adoption of IHCs and recommendations for future research.     

赤芍提取物的抗疱疹病毒Ⅱ型作用

为探讨赤芍提取物对Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶ－ Ⅱ） 的抑制作用, 用兔肾细胞作体外治疗、预防及中和实验, 对赤芍抗ＨＳＶ＿Ⅱ作用进行评价。结果： 赤芍无毒浓度为１２．５ｇ／Ｌ, 有效抑制浓度为１ ．５６ｇ／Ｌ,对ＨＳＶ＿Ⅱ的感染有抑制病毒生长和对病毒颗粒有直接杀伤作用。提示赤芍提取物确有明显的抗ＨＳＶ＿Ⅱ复制的作用     

Succinylcholine does not worsen bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity in pentobarbital-anaesthetized dogs

The intravascular injection of a large dose of bupivacaine induces electrophysiological cardiac impairment, mainly by slowing ventricular conduction velocity, and haemodynamic depression, by a decrease in myocardial contractility. When cardiotoxicity occurs, succinylcholine rapidly stops convulsions. However, the possible interactions between bupivacaine and succinylcholine on cardiac electrophysiology and haemodynamic status have never been investigated. Thus, we used an experimental electrophysiological model involving closed-chest dogs. Three groups (n = 6) of pentobarbital-anaesthetized dogs were given 0.2 mg.kg-1 atropine iv. Dogs in Group 1 were given saline. The others received 4 mg.kg-1 bupivacaine iv over ten seconds. Dogs in Group 2 were then given saline and those in Group 3 were then given 2 mg.kg-1 succinylcholine iv from one to two minutes after the administration of bupivacaine. The following electrophysiological variables were measured: heart rate represented by RR interval (RR), PR, atria-His (AH), and His-ventricle (HV) intervals, QRS duration, and QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc). The following haemodynamic variables were measured: mean aortic pressure (MAoP), the peak of the first derivative of left ventricular pressure (LV dP/dt max), and LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Comparison between Groups 1 and 2 showed that bupivacaine induced more than 100% HV interval lengthening and QRS widening (P less than 0.01), prolonged QTc interval by more than 25% (P less than 0.01), and decreased LV dP/dt max by more than 50% (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Report on the Computer Software Contest at 38th Congress of the Japan Society of Anesthesiology

We held a computer software contest at 38th Congress of the JSA, held in March, 1991. The aim is to encourage the members of the Society to write softwares and to help distribute them, especially as Freewares. We received 25 entries for the contest; two-thirds of these are for computers of NEC PC9801 series and a third are for Macintosh. We received donations 3 million yen worth of instruments and goods for prizes plus some cash, which as prizes were distributed to those who made entries for the contest.Most of these programs have been registered as freewares at various computer networks, including our Ether-Net, one of the common computer network SIGBBSs among Japanese anesthesiologists.(Suwa K, Miyasaka K, Tanaka Y, et al.: Report on the computer software contest at 38th congress of the Japan society of anesthesiology. J Anesth 5: 441–444, 1991)Executive Committee of the Computer Software Contest at 38th Congress of the Japan Society of Anesthesiology     

补阳还五汤及拆方对脑缺血再灌注模型血清、脑组织的SOD、MDA及NO含量影响

目的：揭示补阳还五汤及拆方抗脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机理，并研究方剂配伍的意义。方法：通过四血管结扎法制作SD大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型，观察总方组与拆方黄芪组、活血组药物对模型血清、脑组织S0D、MDA及NO含量的影响。结果：模型组大鼠血清、脑组织MDA及NO含量明显增高，SOD含量明显降低；总方组与拆方黄芪组、活血组能降低MDA及NO含量，升高SOD含量，总方组作用最强。结论：补阳还五汤及拆方通过抗自由基，达到抗脑缺血再灌注损伤作用。总方组的疗效明显优于拆方组，符合方剂学“整体取性原理”。     

复方仙灵脾注射液对大鼠局灶性脑缺血的实验研究

目的 探讨复方仙灵脾注射液对大鼠局灶性脑缺血的治疗作用。方法 将SD大鼠60只，随机均分为假手术组，模型组，川芎嗪对照组，复方仙灵脾大，中，小剂量组，通过结扎大鼠一侧大脑中动脉（MCAO）造成局灶性脑缺血模型。观察复方仙灵脾注射液对血浆中的血栓素，前列环素，血小板聚集，超氧化物歧化酶，丙二醛及脑梗塞面积的影响。结果 复方仙灵脾注射液不仅能明显提高血浆中的前列环素水平，降低血小板聚集率，增加超氧化物歧化酶活力，而且能明显减少血栓素水平和丙二醛的含量。缩小脑梗塞面积，结论复方仙灵脾注射液在改善血浆TXA2-PGI2的平衡，抑制血小板聚集，增加脑血流量的同时，又有清除自由基，改善脑功能，减轻急笥脑梗塞所致的缺血损伤。     

抗纤软肝冲剂对肝星状细胞胶原降解相关基因表达的影响

目的 从细胞分子水平研究抗纤软肝冲剂对肝星状细胞(HSC)胶原降解的影响。方法 抗纤软肝冲剂药物血清温育传一代HSC，以生理盐水和秋水仙碱为对照。ELISA法测定细胞上清I型胶原，并测定细胞层总蛋白以校正胶原含量；半定量RT—PCR法检测间质胶原酶(MMN)和金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1）的mRNA表达。结果 抗纤软肝冲剂组细胞上清中的I型胶原含量明显低于其他两组(P＜0．05或P＜0．01)；明显促进细胞MMN的mRNA表达(P＜0．05或P＜0.01)，显著抑制细胞TIMP-1的mRNA表达(P＜0．05或P＜0．01)。结论 抗纤软肝冲剂能促进MMN基因表达，抑制TIMP-1基因表达，从而促进胶原降解，这可能是该方抗肝纤维化的细胞分子学机制之一。     

可生物降解的注射用药物传递系统研究进展

目的在大量文献的基础上对可注射的体内半固态药物传递系统进行综述 ,指出它们作为局部植入药物传递系统所存在的优、缺点及其前景。方法根据在体内获得固态化的机制不同 ,介绍形成这些系统的不同方法及类型。结果与结论这些系统主要是由可生物降解材料制成的 ,具有生物相容性好、应用方便、可局部给药、延缓药物释放等优点 ,促进了新型药物传递系统的发展