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91.
我们用麻醉的正常血压大鼠,大鼠的自体灌液后肢分别研究了美哌隆的降压作用强度、部位、维持时间和对心率的影响。实验结果提示:美哌隆降低动脉血压的作用除依赖于它对外周α_1受体的选择性阻滞外,还依赖于它对外周阻力血管的直接扩张作用。美哌隆在降压的同时也减慢心率,其降压作用和负性频率作用与剂量有关。 相似文献
92.
红霉素对犬幽门括约肌压力影响及其与胃动素,生长抑素的关系 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
为探讨红霉素对犬幽门括约肌的作用及其机理,及其与血浆胃动素,生长抑素的关系。方法采用胃压力测量仪及放射免疫法,同步监测观察了10条犬静脉滴EM前后和使用拮抗剂后的幽门压力、血浆MTL,SS的变化,结论:EM具有增高犬胃幽门压力的作用,其作用机理除与血浆MTL有着密切的关系外,血浆SS也可能共同参与了其调节机制。 相似文献
93.
目的:解释血压在毛细血管前阻力血管中下降最快的原因。方法:利用物理模型简化复杂的心血管系统。结果:全身所有的微、小动脉段“并联”,全身所有的毛细血管段“并联”。结论:微、小动脉段的总流阻最大、使俐血压在微、小动脉中下降最快。 相似文献
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96.
Ingrid Gouldsborough Nick Ashton 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1998,25(12):1024-1031
1. The aim of the present study was to compare electrolyte handling in naturally reared neonatal spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with those reared by a Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat foster mother (denoted SHRX), as cross-fostering SHR pups to a WKY rat dam lowers adult blood pressure in the SHR. 2. The electrolyte content of WKY rat and SHR dams’ milk was determined and electrolyte intake and urinary excretion rates were calculated in both naturally reared and cross-fostered WKY rat and SHR pups. 3. The milk sodium concentration fell in both strains (WKY rat: 31.8 ± 2.0 to 15.2 ± 1.2 mmol/L; SHR 31.9 ± 2.5 to 18.2 ± 1.6 mmol/L; P < 0.001), as did potassium (P < 0.001), over lactation, but there were no differences between strains. Calcium and magnesium concentrations increased (P< 0.001), although SHR dam's milk contained less calcium (P < 0.001) than that of WKY rat dams during the third week of lactation. 4. Spontaneously hypertensive rat pups ingested less milk (P<0.05) than WKY rat pups; therefore, their cumulative sodium intake over postnatal days 4–15 was significantly lower than that of WKY rat pups (WKY rat vs SHR: 84.4 ± 3.6 vs 59.7 ± 2.6 μmol/g bodyweight, respectively; P < 0.05) and fostered SHRX pups (77.7 ± 7.0 μmol/g bodyweight; P < 0.05). Potassium and magnesium intakes were comparable between SHR, WKY rat and SHRX pups, but SHR pups ingested significantly less calcium than either WKY rat pups (136.1 ± 6.4 vs 200.1 ± 9.5p, mol/g bodyweight, respectively; P<0.05) or SHRX pups (200.0 ± 18.0 μmol/g bodyweight; P<0.05). 5. These data show that the neonatal SHR experiences a period of sodium deficiency during the developmental stage when cross-fostering is effective in lowering blood pressure. This is consistent with the reported up-regulation of the renin-angiotensin system observed in SHR at this time and may have a long-term influence on blood pressure. 相似文献
97.
Bronwyn A. Kingwell Lisa Krause Stevo Julius 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1994,21(1):31-39
1. Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy has been implicated in the reduction of baroreflex sensitivity present in hypertension. The aim of the current study was to investigate the mean arterial pressure-heart rate reflex (MAP-HR) in a model which induced left ventricular hypertrophy but no sustained blood pressure elevation. 2. Five mongrel dogs were exposed to transient blood pressure elevation of between 20 and 30 mmHg, through hindlimb compression using a pneumatic pressure suit, for 7 h per day, 6 days per week for 6 weeks. Resting blood pressure was not altered by the 6 week hindlimb compression intervention. 3. Echocardiographically determined LV mass (mean ± s.e.m.) was 116.0 ± 7.4 g prior to hindlimb compression (baseline) and elevated to 125.4 ± 8.1 g (P= 0.003) after 6 weeks of compression. A reduction in the early (E) to late (A) transmitral diastolic flow ratio (E/A) from 1.80 ± 0.06 at baseline to 1.54 ± 0.09 (P = 0.037) after the 6 week intervention suggested that cardiac compliance was reduced. 4. The maximum gain of the MAP-HR reflex, studied using the ‘steady-state’ drug technique, when blood pressure was normal, showed a trend for reduction from 3.85 ± 0.43 beats/min per mmHg at baseline to 3.10 ± 0.45 beats/min per mmHg (P= 0.067) after 6 weeks of compression. This gain reduction became significant after β-adrenoceptor blockade with propranolol (3.13 ± 0.55 vs 2.32 ± 0.25 beats/min per mmHg; P= 0.039). Covariant analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between LV mass and maximum gain (r= 0.96; P<0.001) during the 6 week compression period. 5. The MAP-HR reflex changes in this model mimic those present in hypertension and implicate cardiac hypertrophy as one possible mediator. 相似文献
98.
THE INFLUENCE OF CAPTOPRIL AND NALOXONE ON THE VALSALVA MANOEUVRE AND SYSTOLIC TIME INTERVALS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. P. Richter De K. Sommers J. R. Snyman 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1994,21(4):301-305
1. The aim of the study was to ascertain whether the inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is mediated by endogenous opioids. Naloxone was used to evaluate the effects of the latter on systolic time intervals (STI) and Valsalva manoeuvre-induced blood pressure and heart rate changes. 2. Baseline recordings were done in 12 healthy male volunteers and repeated 2h after oral administration of 75 mg of captopril and again after naloxone 0.4 mg/kg was administered intravenously over 10 min. 3. After captopril there was a significant reduction in systolic (P<0.02) and mean blood pressure (P<0.04) without any changes in heart rate. Furthermore, captopril increased the Valsalva ratio (P<0.06) but did not influence inotropism as indicated by STI. Naloxone did not influence any of these findings. 4. The changes in the Valsalva ratio after captopril were mediated by an increase in the maximum bradycardia in nine of the 12 subjects. 5. The results indicate that endogenous opioids do not play a role in the putative sympatholytic effect of ACE inhibition. 相似文献
99.
100.
H. -J. Möller H. M. van Praag B. Aufdembrinke P. Bailey T. R. E. Barnes J. Beck H. Bentsen F. X. Eich L. Farrow W. W. Fleischhacker J. Gerlach K. Grafford B. Hentschel A. Hertkorn S. Heylen Y. Lecrubier J. P. Leonard P. McKenna W. Maier V. Pedersen A. Rappard W. Rein J. Ryan M. Sloth Nielsen R. -D. Stieglitz G. Wegener J. Wilson 《Psychopharmacology》1994,115(1-2):221-228
There is little agreement about the methodology of clinical trials of antipsychotic drugs in patients with negative symptoms. A literature review revealed wide variation in experimental design, rating scales and study duration. This reflects differing views as to the definition and response to treatment of negative symptoms. Some degree of standardization would improve comparability of studies and aid the development of new compounds. Patients included in such studies should have displayed negative symptoms for at least 6 months. Depressive symptoms, positive schizophrenic symptoms and extrapyramidal signs may all influence or be confused with negative symptoms and may respond to treatment; they should be at a low level at baseline and should be measured during the study period. Studies should last at least 8 weeks. Several scales are available for measuring negative symptoms and are reviewed; a global impression score should be used additionally. 相似文献