Report on: “The 1st Workshop on National Immunization Programs and Vaccine Coverage in ASEAN Countries,April 30, 2015, Pattaya,Thailand”

The 1st Workshop on National Immunization Programs and Vaccine Coverage in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries Group (WNIPVC-ASEAN) held a meeting on April 30, 2015, Pattaya, Thailand under the auspices of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the World Health Organization (WHO). Reports on the current status and initiatives of the national immunization program (NIP) in each ASEAN countries that attended were presented. These reports along with survey data collected from ministries of health in ASEAN countries NIPs demonstrate that good progress has been made toward the goal of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP). However, some ASEAN countries have fragile health care systems that still have insufficient vaccine coverage of some basic EPI antigens. Most ASEAN countries still do not have national coverage of some new and underused vaccines, and raising funds for the expansion of NIPs is challenging. Also, there is insufficient research into disease burden of vaccine preventable diseases and surveillance. Health care workers must advocate NIPs to government policy makers and other stakeholders as well as improve research and surveillance to achieve the goals of the GVAP.     

台湾地区全民健保总额预算制度设计与运行效果评述

总额预算制作为医保对供方主要支付方式之一在国际上得到广泛应用,上海、北京等地区也开始在不同程度上通过总额预算方式实现支付方式改革.总额预算作为一种控制医疗费用过快增长的方式既有优势也存在弊端.以我国台湾地区为例,介绍总额预算制度的运行机制和总额制定方式,并探讨总额预算制的实施效果,分析总额预算达到效果最优化的制度设计,为改革提供政策借鉴.     

系统药理学(Ⅳ)在民族医药和组合药物领域的应用

目的 我国的许多民族医药和组合药物在长期的临床实践中具有显著的疗效,但其活性成分及作用机制尚不清楚,我们探究了系统药理学方法在民族医药和组合药物的应用现状,以期为相关研究者提供参考.方法 将系统药理学方法在藏医药、蒙医药、维吾尔医药等民族医药和组合药物两个领域的研究成果进行汇总、论述和分析.结果 在民族医药的研究中,研...     

Differences in Adolescents’ Food Habits Checklist (AFHC) Scores before and during Pandemic in a Population-Based Sample: Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study

The COVID-19 pandemic is known to influence the dietary habits of adults, but results for adolescents in studies are ambiguous. The present work aimed to analyze the differences in the scores of the Adolescents’ Food Habits Checklist (AFHC) before and during the pandemic in the Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study population. The PLACE-19 Study was conducted during the pandemic among a population of 2448 students recruited from secondary schools in all regions of Poland using a random quota sampling. The participants were required to complete an AFHC consisting of 23 items pertaining to food purchase, preparation, and consumption habits. Current habits (during the pandemic) and previous habits were assessed and scored separately. The total (p = 0.001), purchase (p < 0.001), and consumption scores (p = 0.014) indicated that the AFHC scores during the pandemic were higher than before. For questions on purchase habits, a lower number of respondents reported eating in a restaurant, eating takeaway meals, having lunch away from home, or buying pastries, cakes or crisps. For questions on preparation habits, an greater number of respondents reported that they usually avoided eating fried food and tried to keep their overall sugar intake down, but fewer respondents said they tried to have low-fat desserts. For questions on consumption habits, a lower number of respondents reported that they usually ate a dessert or pudding if one were available and a larger number said they made sure to eat at least one serving of vegetables or salad a day and at least three servings of fruit most days. Based on the obtained results, it may be stated that although there was an increase in the AFHC scores during the pandemic, a similar share of respondents showed improved or worsened food habits, and a similar share changed their food habits from healthy to unhealthy and from unhealthy to healthy. At the same time, a majority of changes were associated with purchase habits, which were probably forced by lockdowns and the resultant restrictions in eating out or grocery shopping.     

对国家基本药物集中采购价格政策的逆向思考与建议

目的解析基本药物集中采购过程中存在主要问题及其原因,并针对价格问题提出有效的解决方案,以确保基本药物的质量与正常供应,有效降低患者负担,保障患者用药安全。方法对6家三级医院的基本药物集中采购实施情况进行调查,对存在主要突出问题进行归纳分析,找出其内在原因并提出相应解决方案。结果基本药物集中采购工作进展较顺利,但在实施过程中也存在因实行最低价中标原则导致部份产品价格过低而产生药品质量与药品供应难以保障等诸多问题。结论基本药物集中采购的价格政策不能简单地以最低价中标,而应当科学地、全面地分析制定策略。建议实行平均价格区间内低价中标,适当放宽差率控制,既能降低药品价格,也能避免恶性竞争,药品质量和生产供应也得到保障,同时医疗机构也愿意更多地使用,从而真正减轻患者负担,缓解看病贵的难题。     

奥沙利铂注射剂质量分析及探索性研究

目的：评价国内不同企业生产的奥沙利铂注射剂的质量。为奥沙利铂注射剂的标准提高和质量控制提供合理化建议。方法：将法定检验与探索性研究相结合,对抽验样品进行检验和研究,对结果进行统计分析。结果：共抽取样品51批次,按法定检验合格率100%。但现行注射液法定标准无法完全检出奥沙利铂已知和未知杂质,本研究建立了专属性更高的杂质检查方法,并通过杂质谱的比较,发现注射液剂型杂质检出量明显高于注射用无菌粉末。进一步研究表明注射液剂型的终端灭菌方式、贮藏时间、贮藏温度、金属离子含量等影响了奥沙利铂稳定性。结论：目前国内注射用奥沙利铂总体质量较好,奥沙利铂注射液（小水针和大输液）总体质量一般。注射液剂型现行标准有待进一步提高。建议小水针和大输液企业加强药品生产全过程风险管控,对各影响因素进行有效控制。     

2017-2019年天津市某三甲医院门诊降脂药物使用情况分析

目的 汇总分析2017-2019年天津医科大学朱宪彝纪念医院门诊患者降脂药物的使用情况及发展趋势,为降脂药的临床合理应用提供科学依据.方法 选取2017-2019年天津医科大学朱宪彝纪念医院门诊降脂类药物的相关数据,采用WHO推荐的限定日剂量(DDD)、用药频度(DDDs)、日均费用(DDC)和排序比(B/A)等对选定...     

基于药品采购金额分析我省第一批国家重点监控药品的监管效果

目的 从药品采购金额角度探讨实施国家监管对我省第一批国家重点监控药品临床应用的影响.方法 统计广东省二、三级医疗机构2018年上半年、2018年下半年、2019年上半年和2019年下半年第一批国家重点监控药品的采购金额,并计算采购金额占比.结果 加强重点监控药品监管显著降低了我省二、三级医疗机构第一批国家重点监控药品采...     

武警部队国家级应急医疗救援队装备建设研究

介绍了武警后勤学院附属医院国家级应急医疗救援队的基本情况,从抽组模式、装备建设2个方面重点阐述了医疗救援队的建设情况,最后对应急救援装备的维护保养进行了简单的介绍。指出只有不断加强应急医疗救援装备建设,才能为把救援队打造成为一支全天候、全要素的医疗救援尖兵奠定坚实的物质基础。     

生药学国家精品课程的建设

根据国家精品课程建设经验，结合生药学课程建设的特点，为药学类精品课程建设提供参考。