Harnessing harm reduction in Australia: an interview with the Hon. Neal Blewett. Interview by Steve Allsop

The National Campaign Against Drug Abuse (NCADA) was established in April 1985. Aiming to provide a national framework to minimize the harmful consequences of drug use, the original 3-year programme was extended to 1997. A key figure in the NCADA, Dr Neal Blewett, was interviewed to gain his perspective on the development and implementation of the Campaign over its first 10 years.     

Perspectives on rapid elimination and ultimate global eradication of paralytic poliomyelitis caused by polioviruses

Poliomyelitis caused by polioviruses has already been eradicated from industrialized countries of North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania, but the procedures by which this eradication was achieved are not adequate for the poor tropical and subtropical countries. The major challenge now is first to eliminate it rapidly from Asia and Africa where an estimated 250,000 cases and 25,000 deaths currently occur annually. The great progress toward eradication of wild polioviruses from poor tropical and subtropical countries in Latin America was achieved not by the procedures still recommended by the WHO Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) but by the independently organized annual, national days of antipolio vaccination — all based on the use of large armies of well-trained non-professional, community volunteers — first used in Cuba (1962), Brazil (1980), Nicaragua (1981), Dominican Republic (1983), Paraguay (1985), and Mexico (1986). This novel approach, described in some detail in this communication, is recommended for the rapid elimination of wild polioviruses from Asia and Africa, and for ultimate global eradication with the help of a special cadre within the EPI of WHO. The extensive use by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) of highly sophisticated regional virus laboratories has led to the recognition that, in areas from which poliomyelitis caused by polioviruses has been largely eliminated, there are thousands of cases of acute flaccid paralysis, previously clinically diagnosed as probable poliomyelitis, that have no viral etiology, a phenomenon previously reported by Dr. Manuel Ramos Alvarez in Mexico City in 1967.     

生药学国家精品课程的建设

根据国家精品课程建设经验，结合生药学课程建设的特点，为药学类精品课程建设提供参考。     

系统药理学(Ⅳ)在民族医药和组合药物领域的应用

目的 我国的许多民族医药和组合药物在长期的临床实践中具有显著的疗效,但其活性成分及作用机制尚不清楚,我们探究了系统药理学方法在民族医药和组合药物的应用现状,以期为相关研究者提供参考.方法 将系统药理学方法在藏医药、蒙医药、维吾尔医药等民族医药和组合药物两个领域的研究成果进行汇总、论述和分析.结果 在民族医药的研究中,研...     

图像识别技术在全国中药资源普查中的应用

随着计算机和图像处理技术的发展应用,图像识别技术已经应用于全国中药资源普查工作的各个阶段。其中,(1)在前期准备工作中,为建立统一的中药资源名录库,基于纸质文献资料采用文字识别技术,辅助进行与中药资源相关各类名录的数字化;为确定每个普查队外业调查的代表区域和样地,基于卫星遥感图像和植被图等基础数据,采用遥感图像分类等技术方法,辅助确定重点调查区域。(2)在外业调查过程中,为相对准确地获取中药材种植面积,基于遥感图像采用决策树模型、光谱特征、面向对象等方法,辅助进行中药材种植区域识别和面积估算。(3)在内业整理过程中,为相对准确的确定区域内中药资源种类,基于植物个体照片、标本照片和名称等采用图像识技术,辅助进行中药资源种类的统计汇总。(4)在成果转化应用中,基于药用资源个体和药材样品照片,开发中药资源种类识别APP和道地药材3D展示系统,辅助进行中药资源种类识别和药材鉴别特征展示。在中药资源普查工作中引入图像识别技术,辅助普查人员开展相关工作,不但能降低人工的工作量、提高工作效率,而且提高了普查成果的信息化水平和共享应用能力。随着中药资源普查工作的不断深入,图像识别技术方法在相关工作中还将发挥其特有的作用。     

在“重大新药创制”科技重大专项中实施嵌入式管理的思考

文章在系统回顾嵌入概念在经济学、现代企业管理和信息技术领域理论研究与实践操作的基础上,对嵌入式管理的基本含义、主客体关系、嵌入方式以及基本特征进行了分析,进而结合"重大新药创制"科技重大专项组织实施的要求,初步提出了实施嵌入式管理的措施,为进一步提高重大专项管理的水平和效率、控制管理风险等提供参考。     

中成药国家基本药物保障供应综合评估模型的探索与研究

中药价格暴涨暴跌,短期上涨对投料质量的影响不容忽视,另一方面,中药的生产严格受到资源的限制,许多中成药工业生产都因资源不足或禁用而被迫停止。该研究围绕《国家基本药物目录(2012年版)》中的203种中成药,通过分析影响中药基本药物供应的因素,设计了7个中药基本药物供应保障预警指标,基于中药资源普查和动态监测服务体系数据,提出了一种基于雷达图分析法的多指标综合评估模型,为中药基本药物的供应保障情况做出全局性、整体性的评价,评估结果简明、清晰、直观。以九味羌活丸和感冒清热颗粒为实例,验证了所提出的综合评估方法简明、清晰、直观、可信,具有实际意义。     

第四批人凝血因子VIII国家标准品制备和标定

目的:建立经两步病毒灭活工艺制备的人凝血因子VIII国家标准品,以替代第三批人凝血因子VIII国家标准品。方法:按《中国药典》2010年版三部对人凝血因子VIII产品的生产工艺要求和质量标准,制备第四批人凝血因子VIII国家标准品(批号20100101),用WHO第七批人凝血因子VIII国际标准品(批号99/678),采用一期法进行协作标定,采用加速破坏试验进行稳定性考察。结果:批号20100101人凝血因子VIII国家标准品效价为12.1IU/支,稳定性好,其它项目指标均达到国家标准品的要求。结论:建立了符合国家标准品要求、并经病毒灭活的第四批人凝血因子VIII国家标准品。     

Body Fat Moderates the Association of Olfactory Dysfunction with Dietary Intake in U.S. Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES 2013–2014

Background: Obesity relates to impaired olfactory function. Abnormal olfactory function is also associated with poor diet; however, whether obesity-related markers shape this relationship is unknown. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis (n = 1415, age > 40 years) of NHANES 2013–2014 examined body fat percent (BF%) and waist circumference (WC) as moderators of the relationship between olfactory function and diet. The olfactory function test identified adults with olfactory dysfunction (OD) or normal olfaction (NO). Validated 24 h recall captured nutrient intake and Healthy Eating Index-2010 scores. BF% and WC were measured. We tested adjusted linear regression models, with an interaction term between olfactory function and BF%/WC, for each nutrient or HEI score, and reported coefficients (β), standard errors (SE), and p-values for significant interaction terms. Results: In OD (9.5%; mean age 50.9 years, 95% CI 49.6, 52.2) compared with NO (mean age 49.3 years, 95% CI 48.8, 49.9), higher BF% was associated with higher intake of saturated fat (β (SE): 0.2 (0.1) g; p = 0.06) and percent of total calories from total fat (0.2 (0.1); p = 0.07), saturated (0.1 (0.004); p = 0.02), and monounsaturated fat (0.1 (0.1); p = 0.08); lower percent of total calories from carbohydrates (−0.2 (0.1); p = 0.09) and mg of sodium (−17.8 (09.6); p = 0.08); and a higher (healthier) refined grain score (0.1 (0.1); p = 0.04). Higher WC was associated with higher refined grain scores (0.01 (0.02); p = 0.01) in OD. Conclusion: BF% may shape dietary intake and quality in OD. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the directionality of these relationships and develop strategies to improve dietary intake among OD.     

细菌内毒素国家标准品研制技术规范的介绍

目的 为保证细菌内毒素国家标准品的质量,规范研制工作,制定技术规范.方法 详细介绍细菌内毒素国家标准品研制要求及主要工作流程.结果与结论 进一步加强和规范了细菌内毒素国家标准品的管理工作.